不定式省略to的九種情況總結
總結是事后對某一階段的學習或工作情況作加以回顧檢查并分析評價的書面材料,它可以幫助我們總結以往思想,發(fā)揚成績,讓我們抽出時間寫寫總結吧。如何把總結做到重點突出呢?以下是小編整理的不定式省略to的九種情況總結,希望對大家有所幫助。
不定式省略to的九種情況總結
英語不定式中to有時可以省略,什么樣的情況下可以省略,為你總結。小編為大家提供不定式省略to的九種情況總結,供大家參考。
一、使役動詞后省略to的情況
在let, make, have等使役動詞后用作賓語補足語的不定式必須省略to。如:
My mother wouldn’t let me go to the film. 我媽媽不會讓我去看電影的。
I don’t like milk, but mother made me drink it. 我不喜歡牛奶,可是母親強迫我喝。
I would have him wait for me at the gate of the park. 我要他在公園門口等我。
注意:
1. 當使役動詞用于被動語態(tài)時,要補上在主動語態(tài)中省略的to(主要是指make,let和have很少用于被動語態(tài))。
2. force, oblige等雖然也表示“使”,但它們后用作賓語補足語的不定式必須帶to。如:
He forced me to go with them. 他迫使我同他們一起去。
The police obliged him to leave. 警方強迫他離開。
二、感覺動詞后省略to的情況
在感覺動詞后用作賓語補足語的不定式必須省略to。如:
I watched her get into the car. 我看著她上了車。
I saw the woman enter a bank. 我看見這個女人進了一家銀行。
We often hear her sing this song. 我們經常聽到她唱這首歌。
Did you notice her leave the house? 她離開屋子你注意到了嗎?
注意:
1. 這里所說的感覺動詞主要包括see, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch等。但是它們用于被動語態(tài)時,其后的不定式必須帶to。如:
The woman was seen to enter a bank. 有人看見這個女人進了一家銀行。
但是,用于以上句型的動詞notice 和watch通常不用于被動語態(tài)。
2. 類似地,動詞look at和listen to后用作賓語補足語的不定式也不帶to。如:
We listened to the old man tell his story. 我們聽這位老人講述他的經歷。
3. 若動詞feel后用作賓語補足語的不定式為 to be,則要帶 to(其他情況不帶 to)。如:
They felt the plan to be unwise. 他們認為這個計劃不明智。
4. 若不定式為完成式,通常應帶 to。如:
I noticed her to have come early. 我注意到她來得很早。
三、動詞help后省略to的情況
在動詞help后用作賓語或賓語補足語的不定式可以不帶to。如:
Can I help (to) carry this heavy box? 我可以幫忙扛這個重箱子嗎?
Mother helped me (to) do my homework. 媽媽幫助我做作業(yè)。
注意:
1. 當 help 之后接一個較長的名詞詞組作賓語或當其中的不定式所表示的動作主語不直接參加時,不定式通常帶to。如:
Help the little boys at the back of the hall to carry the chairs out. 請幫大廳后面那些小男孩把椅子搬出去。
These tablets will help you to sleep. 這些藥片將對你的睡眠有幫助。
2. 在當help用于被動語態(tài)時,不定式前的to不能省略。如:
The boy was helped by a woman to collect his scattered coins. 那男孩由一個婦女幫他撿拾散亂一地的錢幣。
四、why (not)…后省略to的情況
在why (not)…?之后的不定式不能帶to。如:
Why go with him? 為什么要同他一起去?
Why not ask the teacher? 為什么不去問問老師?
Why not try to expand your story into a novel? 你怎么不把你的故事擴展成小說呢?
五、動詞know后省略to的情況
在“know+賓語+不定式”中,不定式有時省略to,有時不省,可分以下兩種情況討論:
1. 若 know 為現(xiàn)在式,該結構中的不定式只限于 to be,且其中的to不能省略。如:
I know him to be ill. 我知道他病了。
We knew her to be honest. 我們知道她是誠實的。
2. 若know為完成式或過去式,則該結構中的不定式可以用除 to be外的其他動詞,且此時其中的to可以省留。如:
I never knew him (to) do such a thing. 我從未聽說他會干那種事。
We’ve never known him (to) tell a lie. 我們從未聽說他撒過謊。
I’ve never known it (to) snow in July before. 我從未聽說過有七月下雪的事。
但在被動語態(tài)中不定式前的to不能省略。這樣用的know不僅僅表示一般意義的“知道”,而是表示一種經歷,因此常譯為“曾……過”(用于肯定句時)或“(從來)沒有……過”(用于否定句時)。
六、介詞except / but后省略to的情況
用作介詞except, but賓語的不定式有時帶to,有時不帶to。其大致原則是:若其前出現(xiàn)了動詞 do,其后的不定式通常不帶 to;若其前沒有出現(xiàn)動詞 do,則其后的不定式通常帶 to。
如:
I had no choice but to wait. 除了等,我沒有別的選擇。
He wanted nothing but to stay there. 他只想留在那兒。
It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生氣外,沒產生任何效果。
She can do everything except cook. 除了做飯之外她什么都會。
七、主語帶do表語省略to的情況
當主語部分有動詞do的某種形式時,用作表語的不定式可以省略to。如:
All you do now is (to) complete the form. 你現(xiàn)在要做的只是把這張表填好。
The only thing to do now is (to) go on. 前進是現(xiàn)在唯一的出路。
What I’ll do is (to) tell her the truth. 我要做的就是告訴她真相。
八、并列不定式省略to的情況
當兩個或多個作用相同的不定式并列時,通常只需在第一個不定式前用to,其余不定式前的to可以省略。如:
He told me to stay there and wait for him. 他叫我在那兒等他。
I’m really puzzled what to think or say. 我真不知該怎么想怎么說。
It is easier to persuade people than (to) force them. 說服人容易,強迫人難。
但是,如果兩者有對比關系,則后面不定式前的to不可省略。如:
To try and fail is better than not to try at all. 嘗試而失敗總比不嘗試好。
九、省略不定式是否保留to
在一定的上下文中,為了避免重復,有時不定式可以省略,但通常保留不定式符號to。如:
I shall go if I want to. 如果我想去就去。
“Don’t be late.” “I’ll try not to.” “不要來晚了!薄拔冶M量不來晚!
Don’t go till I tell you to. 等我叫你走你再走。
注意:
1. 若被省略的不定式為to be短語,則通常應保留to be。如:
He is not the man he used to be. 他已不是原來的那個樣子了。
2. 有時省略不定式時,同時也可省略to。如:
She may go if she likes (to). 她想去就可以去。 不定式省略to的九種情況總結,由提供。
不定式省略to的九種情況總結
1、情態(tài)動詞:
will, would, can, could, shall, should, may, might, must, need, dare, had better, would rather等后面用省略to的動詞不定式一起組成謂語。
You will never win if you never begin.
沒有開始,何談輸贏。
No one can call back yesterday.
光陰一去不復返。
In the silence we could hear the clock ticking.
在寂靜中我們能聽到時鐘滴答作響。
He might get there in time, but I cant be sure.
他可能會及時趕到,但我不能肯定。
You must change in order to survive.
為了生存你必須改變。
2、make, have, let及hear, see等的賓語補足語:
make, have, let, hear, see, watch, notice, help等后面的賓語補足語可以省略to的動詞不定式:
The police had him describe what his robber looked like.
警察讓他描述搶劫犯的樣子。
We know what to do to make it work.
我們不知道如何讓它起作用。
He stepped aside to let me pass.
他走到一邊讓我過去。
I saw him head out Jacksons house.
我看見他從杰克遜家出來。
I often heard the girls sing in the music classroom.
我經常聽到女孩們在音樂教室里唱歌。
想必大家都知道,see, watch, notice后也可能用現(xiàn)在分詞doing或過去分詞done做賓語補足語。
請參照分詞的用法:
分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)用法大總結(收藏了)
make, hear, see, watch, notice的賓語做主語,被動句型動詞不定式要加上to:
I was made to wait two hours before I was examined by a doctor.
我等了兩個小時醫(yī)生才給我檢查。
She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed.
有人看見她大約在案發(fā)時進入大樓。
3、and, or, except, but, than連接兩個并列動詞不定式,后面的要一般省略to:
I’d like to call it a day and go home.
我想現(xiàn)在下班回家。
I would rather do some reading at home than go shopping with them.
我寧愿在家看書也不愿和他們一起去購物。
I cannot promise anything but think of this week as a trial period.
我不能保證什么,只能把這周當作試用期。
Its easier to get into debt than (to) get out of it again!
欠債容易還債難。
4、句子中有動詞do,解釋它的具體意思的動詞不定式可以省略to:
The only thing I can do is (to) keep quiet and sit this one out.
我唯一能做的就是保持沉默,等待這件事結束。
If he was prepared to apologize, the least she could do was (to) meet him halfway and accept some of the blame.
如果他準備道歉,她至少可以做個讓步,承認自己的一些不當之處。
5、why (not)疑問句:
Why study Latin? Its a dead language.
為什么學拉丁語?這是一種沒人說了的語言。
Why bother asking if youre not really interested?
你如果沒興趣,為什么還要問?
Why not take a few days off?
為什么不休息幾天呢?
If you love each other, why not get married?
如果你們相愛,為什么不結婚呢?
6、and代替to:
英語口語里,謂語動詞后的動詞不定式,常用and代替to(尤其是come和go后):
Can Anne come and play?
安妮能來玩嗎?
Come and see us if youre at a loose end.
有空的時候到我們這兒來坐坐。
What time will the taxi come and pick us up tomorrow?
明天出租車什么時候來接我們?
Go and buy yourself an ice cream.
去給自己買個冰淇淋。
Would you like to go and see a film tonight?
動詞不定式作名詞、形容詞和副詞,及其省略to的情況
一、作名詞
名詞在句子中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補語、同位語,那么不定式也可以。
1.主語
a.主語在前:
不帶to:Saywell is good, butdowell is better. (Samuel Clarke)
帶to:To arragetime reasonably isto savetime. (F.Bacon) -更常見的是帶to的情況
b.主語在后:
It is the most pleasant thing in the worldto strugglefor a noble idea. (Socrates)
=To strugglefor a noble idea is the most pleasant thing in the world.
2.表語
I amto bea great man one day.
He seemedto beashamed of himselft for getting so angry.
It is betterto lighta candle than to curse the darkness. (Anna Eleanor Roosevelt)
To speak knowledge isto spreadhappiness.
3.賓語
賓語概念的核心是,它是某個謂語的動作對象,它可以被補語修飾。
a.動詞賓語:
I hopeto beable to come.
Who daresto teachmust never cease to learn. (J.C.Dand, Motto)
The driver failedto seethe other cars in time.
Andersens father likedto readbetter than to make shoes.
b.介詞賓語:
大多數(shù)介詞不接不定式,但常見于這7個介詞, about, besides, but, except, instead of, save, than
He desires nothing butto studyabroad.
I am aboutto startfor the States.
注意2:為何此處介賓不稱為表語?因為表語說明的是主語的靜態(tài)狀態(tài),而不是包含賓語的動態(tài)動作
4.補語
補語概念的核心是,沒它不行,沒它句子意思就變了;不像定語和狀語,完全可以省略。據(jù)此可以判斷該不定式是補語,定語還是狀語。補語要么修飾主語,要么修飾賓語。
a.主語補語:
We have been toldto waithere.
注意3:也有人認為“主語補語”=“表語”,請君自便
b.賓語補語:
Adversity causes some mento break, othersto break records. (W.A.Ward)
注意4:考點,如果動詞是感官動詞和使役動詞causative verbs,用不帶to的不定式,如see, feel, hear, find, get, behold, let, make...如下
They were sorry to see himgo.
We felt the houseshake.
I heard himcough.
We observed herwalkaway with a smile.
She noticed the manlookat her.
Love makes the worldgoround. (Charles Dickens)
Let sleeping dogslie. (別去捅馬蜂窩)
5.同位語
There is only one happiness in life,to love and to be loved. (George Sand)
二、作形容詞
1.后置定語
I have some questions about gravityto askyou.
The grand essentials of happiness are: somethingto do, somethingto do, somethingto love, and somethingto hopefor. (Allan K. Chambers)
Being polite is the gold keyto get alongwith others. (J.A.deAunznegui)
Tom was the first manto comehere.
The enemy failed in the attemptto landon the island.
That was the last playto beperformed that year.
2.前置定語
嚴格意義上不是動詞不定式,而是不定式構成的形容詞
Here theeay-to-usemodel.
This is anever-to-be-forgottenday.
3.表語
All they could do isgobackto their own country.
注意5:考點,主語含有實義動詞do時to省略,如上
The important thing in life isto havea great aim, and the determinationto attainit.
三、副詞
1.目的狀語
She walked slowly on the ice in order notto falldown.
We are hereto puta dent in the universe.
2.結果狀語
They lift a stone onlyto dropit on their own feet.
3.原因狀語
Im gladto hearthat.
He was like a cock that thought the sun had risento hearhim crow. (George Eliot)
4.條件狀語
To hearhim speak, you would think he owned the whole world.
5.方式狀語
He raised his head as ifto commandsilence.
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