第十四章 強調(diào)句和倒裝句

倒裝是一種語法手段。

在英語中，主語和謂語的語序通常是主語在前，謂語在后。但有時謂語的全部或一部分卻提到主語的前面，這種語序叫做倒裝。倒裝的原因，一是語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，一是為了強調(diào)。

強調(diào)句為了使句子的某一個成分受到強調(diào)，改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

高考重點要求：

1、 掌握部分倒裝，全部倒裝的句型及倒裝形式

2、 掌握倒裝句的都中使用方式

第一節(jié) 知識點概述

一、強調(diào)句

為了突出某一部分重要信息，常常借用語法中的變換句子的正常語序，將某個成分置于句首或句末，或者通過詞匯手段突出句子的某個成分。

1. it 為先行詞的強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)

It was Li Ping who told me the news. (強調(diào)人時才能用who)

It was in the park that I met him. (強調(diào)地點不能用where，只能用that)

It was yesterday that I saw him off at the airport. (強調(diào)時間不能用when，只能用that)

2. 助動詞do 的強調(diào)作用

在行為動詞作謂語的句子中，常用“助動詞do或did” + 謂語“動詞原形”表示強調(diào)語氣。

例如：She did go to see him yesterday.

We do have four lessons in the morning.

二、倒裝句

句子的排列順序，通常是主語在前，謂語在后。倒裝語序，謂語在前，主語在后。陳述句一般都是自然語序，一般疑問句都是倒裝語序。

例如：He speaks English.(陳述句，自然語序)

Does he speak English?(疑問句倒裝語序)

倒裝語序：

全部倒裝，整個謂語放在主語之前。

部分倒裝，謂語中需要強調(diào)的是一部分放在主語之前，其他部分仍放在主語之后。

倒裝語序的作用，著重強調(diào)部分放在句首，引人注目。變化句子，使句子生動活潑。

例如：The bus comes home.(自然語序)

Here comes the bus.(倒裝語序)

倒裝句除疑問句及“there + be “句之外，陳述句為了強調(diào)謂語或謂語某個部分也常可用倒裝

句，另外so,neither,no等詞經(jīng)常用于對話簡略答語的句首，用倒裝語序避免重復(fù)。

第二節(jié) 實戰(zhàn)演練

一、復(fù)習(xí)時需注意的要點

1. 全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。

例如：Here he comes.　　　　Away they went.

當so引出的句子用以對上文內(nèi)容加以證實或肯定時，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為"的確如此"。

例如：Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.

-It's raining hard.　　

-So it is.

2、only在句首要倒裝的情況

例如：Only in this way, can you learn English well.

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝

Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

3、在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。

例如：Were I you, I would try it again.

4、只有當Not only…but also連接兩個分句時，才在第一個分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only…but also僅連接兩個并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

例如：Not only you but also I am fond of music.

二、歷屆高考試題分析

例1、The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ________with each other.

A. they had quarrelled B. they have quarrelled

C. have they quarrelled D. had they quarreled

答案選C。

【解析】 考部分主謂倒裝。否定句(如該句中的never)在句首時，應(yīng)用部分主謂倒裝。這類副詞有：never ,hardly ,seldom ,scarcely，little等。這句話的意思是：那對老夫婦結(jié)婚已經(jīng)四十年了，連一次架也沒吵過。

例2、Never before ____ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.

A. has this city been B. this city has been

C. was this city D. this city was

答案：A

【解析】 表示否定含義的副詞never 放句首用部分倒裝。

例3、Only in this way_________ to make improvement in the operating system.

A. you can hope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hope

答案為C。

【解析】 在含有only+狀語的句子中，謂語動詞要進行倒裝。這句話的意思是：只有用這種方法，才能改善操作系統(tǒng)。

例4、I feel it is your husband who _______ for the spoiled child. A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame

答案為A。

【解析】 be to blame是固定短語，意思是“該受責(zé)備”。這是一個強調(diào)句，強調(diào)主語your husband。這句話的意思是：我感覺慣壞孩子該怨你的丈夫。一些考生只注意到blame是及物動詞，誤選了is to be blamed,這表示將要發(fā)生的事，與語義不符。

例5、-You forgot your purse when you went out.

-Good heavens, _______. A. so did I B. so I did C.I did so D.I so did

答案為B。

【解析】 “so+正裝句”的意思是“是的”，表示同意別人所說的話。所提供的情境Good heaven說明自己確實在出門時忘了帶錢包，所以回答說：“so I did.”。so I did的意思是“我確實忘了帶錢包�！弊⒁鈪^(qū)別so I did, so did I, I did so。例：①“He sang this song just now.”-“So did I.”(我也是)②The doctor told me to breathe deeply.“I did so”.(我照著醫(yī)生的吩咐做了深呼吸)③“You forget to post the letter for me.”-“So I did.”(我的確忘了郵信了)。

例6、Not only ________interested in football but ________ beginning to show an interest in it.

A. the teacher himself is…all his students are

B. the teacher himself is…are all his students

C. is the teacher himself…are all his students

D. is the teacher himself…all his students are

答案為D。

【解析】 Not only… but…引導(dǎo)的句子前一部分要用倒裝。這句話的意思是：不僅老師對足球感興趣，學(xué)生們也開始對足球感興趣了。

例7、So difficult ________it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.

A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel

答案為D。

【解析】 以“so+形容詞”開頭的句子要倒裝。此句變?yōu)椴坏寡b句為：I felt it so difficult to live in an English country that I determined to learn English well.這句話的意思是：在一個說英語的國家里生活那么困難，我決定學(xué)習(xí)英語。

例8、_______can you expect to get a pay rise.

A. With hard work B. Although work hard

C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard

答案為C。 【解析】 Only+介詞短語(副詞、狀語從句)+部分倒裝。

例9、Only when the war was over ________to his hometown.

A. did the young soldier return

B. the young soldier returned

C. returned the young soldier

D. the young soldier did return

答案為A。

【解析】 only+狀語或狀語從句作狀語時主句要進行倒裝。本句是only+時間狀語從句，所以后接的主句要倒裝。這句話的意思是：直到戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后，這個年輕的戰(zhàn)士才得以返回故鄉(xiāng)。

例10、An awful accident ________, however, occur the other day.

A. does B. did C. has to D. had to

答案為B。

【解析】 這是一個對謂語強調(diào)的句子。時間狀語the other day表示過去，所以要用一般過去時。由于在主語和謂語中間插入了however，增加了試題的難度。注意：對謂語強調(diào)句子必須用于肯定句的一般時中，在謂語動詞前加did, does或do。

第三節(jié) 鞏固練習(xí)

Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.

1. Here you want to see.

A. comes the comrade B. comes a comrade

C. the comrade comes D. is coming a comrade

2. Now your turn to keep guard.

A. there is B. is going C. comes D. has come

3. Spring begins in March, then .

A. April and May come B. April is coming

C. come April and May D. is April coming

4. He has finished his work, .

A. I have finished so B. so finished I

C. so can I D. so have I

5. He can hardly drive a car, .

A. so can’t I B. can’t I either

C. I can’t too D. neither can I

6. than they started to work.

A. No sooner they had got to the plant

B. No sooner did they get to the plant

C. No sooner had they got to the plant

D. As soon as they got to the plant

7. Not until Mr. Smith came to China what kind of a country she is.

A. did he know B. he knew C. he didn’t know D. he could know

8. Across the river .

A. lies a new built bridge B. lies a newly built bridge

C. a new built bridge lies D. a newly built bridge lies

9. So fast that it’s difficult for us to imagine its speed.

A. light travels B. travels the light C. do light travels D. does light travel

10. Not only the data fed into it, but it can also analyse them.

A. can the computer memorize B. the computer can memorize

C. do the computer memorize D. can memorize the computer

11. talk about the importance of English study.

A. Little need I B. Little I need C. Little did I need D. Little I needed

12. ill-mannered, the laziest and most irresponsible creature you could ever hope to meet.

A. Not only is he … but he is also

B. Not only is he … but also is he

C. Not only he is … but also is he

D. Not only be he … but also he be

13. got outside than it began to rain.

A. Not sooner I had B. No sooner had I

C. No sooner I D. I no sooner had got

14. did Anne realize that there was danger.

A. On entering the store

B. After he had entered the store

C. Only after entering the store

D. As soon as he entered the store

15. Very seldom that two clocks or watches exactly agree.

A. you find B. you will find C. you do find D. do you find

16. You think everything will be all right in time. .

A. So I do B. So I think C. Nor do I D. So do I

17. Little that John would become a famous writer.

A. we thought B. we think C. did we think D. we think of

18. My brother had a bad cold last week, .

A. so had I B. so I had C. so did I D. so I did

19. Not only to New York but also there for a time.

A. has he been … he worked B. has he been … did he work

C. he has been … did he work D. he has gone … did he work

20. Not only a writer but also here.

A. a doctor were wanted B. were a doctor wanted

C. a doctor was wanted D. was a doctor wanted

21. It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages attracted the audience’s interest.

A. so that B. what

C. in which D. that

22. Neither read, nor to write.

A. can he … can he B. can he … he can

C. he can…. Can he D. he can … he can

23. Not Until the work to bed.

A. did he finish … he went B. he finished … he went

C. he finished … did he go D. he finished … had he gone

24. It was a year ago I first met him here.

A. which B. that C. in which D. when

25. Who is it is waiting outside the room?

A. who B. whom C. which D. that

26. It was not until 11 o’clock the experiment.

A. did he finish B. that he finished

C. when they finished D. that did he finish

27. Barely had they seated themselves hurriedly in the theatre _____ the curtain went up.

A. than B. when C. as soon as D. before

28. I’d rather stay at home than go to see a film, .

A. neither had he B. neither would he

C. so had he D. so would he

29. Often the girl sing in her room.

A. hears he B. he hears C. does he hear D. does hears he

30. On the top of the hill where I once visited the monk.

A. a temple stands B. does a temple stand

C. a temple stands there D. stands a temple

31. Was it because he was ill he asked for leave?

A. and B. that C. that’s D. so

32. Is it in that factory this kind of cat is made?

A. in which B. where C. that D. which

33. Not a single song at yesterday’s party.

A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing

34. Not only _____ their money, but they were also in danger of losing their lives.

A. lost they B. they lost C. did they lose D. they did lose

35. Barely time to catch the bus.

A. did he has B. he has C. has he D. did he have

36. On the stairs in red.

A. a small dark-haired girl was sitting

B. was sitting a small dark-haired girl

C. sitting a small dark-haired girl was

D. was a small dark-haired girl sitting

37. “May I use your calculator”

“ .”

A. Here is it B. Here are you C. Here the calculator is D. Here you are

38. hot is the sun that we cannot go out at present.

A. Very B. Too C. So D. Such

39. do I get invited into his office.

A. Only B. Rarely C. Not only D. Never before

40. A few miles further on .

A. the city lies of Springfield B. does the city of Springfield lie

C. lies the city of Springfield D. where lies the city of Springfield

41. Which sentence is right?

A. Do the great Chinese people live long !

B. Long live the great Chinese people !

C. Long will the great Chinese people live !

D. Long live for the great Chinese people !

42. Which sentence is right.

A. May you succeed ! B. You may succeed!

C. Succeed may you ! D. Succeed you may!

43. Very important in the farmers’ life .

A. the radio weather report is

B. the radio weather report has been

C. is the radio weather report

D. have been the radio weather report

44. His parents are always strict with him . Only after his homework to go out and play with his friends.

A. he has finished , was he allows

B. he has finished , he is allowed

C. he had finished , was he allowed

D. he finished , is he allowed

45. Only in this way expect to get over so many difficulties .

A. we are sure to B. can we C. that we can D. that can we

46. Was it during the Second World War _____ his family all died?

A. that B. then C. when D. in which

47. I really don’t know _____ it was that answered the phone this morning.

A. why B. who C. how D. whether

48. It was ten years ____ he returned to his hometown and set out to revenge his dead father.

A. since B. that C. before D. when

49.Beneath our feet _____ that our life depends on for food and clothing.

A. the earth lay B. the earth lies C. lies the earth D. does the earth lie

50. He’ll never succeed , hard he tires.

A. whatever B. despite C. though D. however

責(zé)任編輯：李芳芳