高考英語陷阱題總結(jié)歸納--定語從句
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.
A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were
【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，將A、B中的 which 和 it 誤認為是其后句子的主語。
【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一個由“介詞+which”引出的非限制性定語從句，而在該從句中，主語是 high mountains，around which 是表語，所以句子謂語應用復數(shù)were，而不是用單數(shù) was.請做以下類例題目（答案均為C）：
（1） Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.
A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are
（2） The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.
A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are
（3） Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.
A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are
2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand？”
A. that B. which C. where D. what
【陷阱】容易誤選 B，認為 around 是介詞，選 which 用以代替前面的名詞 hospital，在此用作介詞 around 的賓語。
【分析】最佳答案為C。以上語法分析并不算錯，但問題是，照此分析，此句的意思即為：有沒有這樣一個醫(yī)院，我在它的附近可以買藥治我的手傷？這樣的語境顯然有點不合情理，因為人們通常是在醫(yī)院里面治傷，而不是在醫(yī)院附近治傷。此題選 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞，意為“在附近”；其后的 where 引導定語從句用以修飾其前的地點名詞 hospital，句意為：附近有沒有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去治我的手傷？
3. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認為此處應填一個形式主語。
【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引導的是一個非限制性定語從句。比較下面一題：
_______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
此題答案選 A，it 為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的 that 從句。
再比較下面一組題，其中第（1）題選 B，第（2）題選 D：
（1） ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.
A. Which B. As C. That D. It
（2） ______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.
A. Which B. As C. That D. It
4. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.
A. that B. who C. as D. whom
【陷阱】此題容易誤選A，許多同學一看到題干中的such，再聯(lián)系到選項中的 that，便認為這是考查such … that …句式。況且，這樣理解意思也還通順。
【分析】最佳答案為C，不是A，因為在such … that … （如此……以至……）結(jié)構(gòu)中，that 引導的是結(jié)果狀語從句，并且 that 在從句中不充當句子成分，若在上句填入 such … that …，句末的動詞 like 缺賓語。選C的理由如下：as 用作關(guān)系代詞，用以引導定語從句，修飾其前的名詞 boy，同時 as 在定語從句中用作動詞 like 的賓語，句意為“所有老師都喜歡的一位好男孩”。有的同學可能還會問，假若選A，能否將其后的 that 視為引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞呢？不能，因為當先行詞受到 such 的修飾時，其后的定語從句應用關(guān)系代詞 as 來引導，而不用that.比較下面一題，答案為A，因為 like 后有自己的賓語 him：
David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.
A. that B. who C. as D. whom
請再做以下試題（答案選D）：
It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.
A. like B. that C. which D. as
5. The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
【陷阱】容易誤選 C，用 them 代指 the buses.
【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 為非限制性定語從句，修飾 the buses.類似地，以下各題也選D：
（1） His house, for _______ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
（2） Ashdown forest, through _______ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
（3） This I did at nine o’clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
類似地，以下各題選 whom，不選 them：
（4） George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.
A. that B. him C. them D. whom
（5） Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer.
A. that B. who C. them D. whom
（6） I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students.
A. that B. who C. them D. whom
6. He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field.
A. whom B. them C. which D. who
【陷阱】容易誤選 B，用 them 代指 students.
【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 為非限制性定語從句。假若在many of… 的前面加上連詞and，則選答案B.比較以下各題（答案均選A）：
（1） He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
（2） He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer.
A. them B. which C. what D. that
（3） He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other.
A. whom B. them C. which D. who
（4） He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _______ knew anything about the other.
A. them B. whom C. which D. who
7. He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.
A. whom B. them C. which D. who
【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認為這是非限制性定語從句。
【分析】最佳答案是B，這不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因為空格后的動詞 invited 并不是一個完整的謂語，而是一個過去分詞。當然，假若在 invited 前加上助動詞 were，則是一個非限制性定語從句，答案便應選A.比較：
（1） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案選B，none of them carried out in their work 是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的 carried out 為過去分詞。
（2） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ were carried out in their work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案選A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定語從句，注意與上例比較句中多了一個助動詞were.
（3） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _______ were carried out in their work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案選B，由于兩句之間增加了一個并列連詞but，使得該句成了一個并列句。
8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents seated together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
【陷阱】容易誤選B，認為這是非限制性定語從句。
【分析】最佳答案是A.與上面一題相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因為空格后的動詞 seated 不是謂語，而是一個過去分詞，因為 seat 作動詞用時，是及物動詞。比較以下相似題：
（1） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
選B.whose parents were seated together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因為其后有完整的謂語 were seated.
（2） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
選A.因為句中有并列連詞and，整個句子為并列句。
（3） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sitting together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
選A.their parents sitting together joking 為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
（4） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sat together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
選B.whose parents sat together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因為句中有完整的謂語 sat.
（5） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
選B.whose parents were sitting together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因為句中有完整的謂語 were sitting.
9. If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，誤這是非限制性定語從句。
【分析】正確答案為D，注意逗號前是一個條件狀語從句，逗號后是該狀語從句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情況，用作主句的主語。類似地，下面幾道題也選 that，而不選 which：
（1） If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK.
A. as B. which C. and it D. that
（2） If you want a double room, _____ will cost another ￡15.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
（3） Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me.
A. that B. which C. and it D. so
（4） When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
10. She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
【陷阱】容易誤選B，機械地認為時間名詞后必須用關(guān)系副詞when，地點名詞后用關(guān)系副詞 where.
【分析】正確答案為A.在時間名詞和地點名詞后是否用關(guān)系副詞要看它在定語從句中充當什么句子成分。一般說來，若用作主語或賓語，用關(guān)系代詞；若用作狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞。上面一題中的動詞 spent 缺賓語，故應用關(guān)系代詞 which或that.比較下面一題，由于空格后的句子不缺少主語或賓語，所以選關(guān)系副詞when：
She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
請再做一組試題（答案均選A）：
（1） Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
選A，which 在定語從句中用作動詞 bought 的賓語。
（2） Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
選A，which 在定語從句中用作主語。
（3） Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
選A，where 在定語從句中用作狀語。
◆精編陷阱題訓練◆
1. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _______ in the forest.
A. once they grew B. they grew once C. they once grew D. once grew
2. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30 pm, _____ many people have gone home.
A. that B. which C. whose time D. by which time
3. Is this the reason _______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？
A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained
4. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ______ we would have lost our way.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
5. When he was working there he caught a serious illness from _____ efforts he still suffers.
A. which B. that C. whose D. what
6. It’s said that he’s looking for a new job, one ______ he can get more money to support his family.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
7. We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computer.
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
8. The little time we have together we’ll try _____ wisely.
A. spending it B. to spend it C. to spend D. spending that
9. The old building, behind _______ was a famous church, was _______ we used to work.
A. that, the place B. it, the place C. which, where D. what, where
10. We will be shown around the city： schools, museums, and some other places, _______ other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which C. where D. when
11. The modern history of Italy dates from 1860, ______ the country became united.
A. when B. if C. since D. until
12. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _____ in the forest.
A. once they grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D. once grew
13. You could see the runners very well from ______ we stood.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
14. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
15. What have you got _____ will help a cold？
A. what B. that C. it D. who
16. He was very angry and I can still remember the way _____ he spoke to me.
A. how B. that C. what D. which
17. Do you know the man from ________ house the pictures were stolen？
A. which B. that C. what D. whose
18. I can think of many cases _______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A. why B. which C. as D. where
19. Is this all that you need？ If you married me, I’d give you everything you _____.
A. want B. wanted C. had wanted D. are wanting
20. I met the teacher in the street yesterday ________ taught me English three years ago.
A. which B. when C. where D. who
21. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
22. He made another wonderful discovery, ______ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is
23. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
24. Their problem today is somewhat similar to _____ they faced many years ago.
A. that B. which C. that which D. it
25. I saw some trees the leaves of _____ were black with disease.
A. that B. which C. it D. what
26. The famous basketballer, _______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where B. when C. which D. who
27. When they went into the shop and asked to look at the engagement rings, the girl brought out a cheaper one, _______ she had arranged with James.
A. the which was what B. what was that C. which was what D. that was that
◆答案與解析◆
1. 選 C.先行詞是 those，可視為 those flowers 之省略。they once grew 前省略了關(guān)系代詞 which.全句意為：這兒所養(yǎng)的花是由他們曾在森林里種植的花培養(yǎng)出來的。
2. 選D.by which time 引出的是一個非限制性定語從句，其中 by which time 相當于 and by that time.
3. 選 A.注意不能選 D，因為動詞 explained 缺賓語。
4. 選 D.which 指 the road map.
5. 選C.from whose efforts he still suffers 為修飾 a serious illness 的定語從句，whose 在定語從句中用作定語，修飾 efforts.
6. 選B.where 引導定語從句修飾 one.注：one 在此指 a new job.類似地，下面一題的答案是C，因為one that 相當于 a problem that：
The problem is _____ has caused us a lot of trouble.
A. one B. that
C. one that D. that one
7. 選 D.先行詞是表時間的 age（時代），由于關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語，故用 when.
8. 選C.該句的正常詞序為 We will try to spend the little time we have together wisely.
9. 選C.第一空填 which，指 the old building；第二空填 where，用以引導表語從句。
10. 選 C.先行詞是地點名詞 places，由于關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語，故用 where.
11. 選A.when 引導的是非限制性定語從句。
12. 選C.that once grew in the forest 為修飾 those 的定語從句。
13. 選B.where 在此相當于 the place where.
14. 選 B.the price of which was very reasonable 為非限制性定語從句，其中的 the price of which 相當于 and its price 或 and the price of it.假若空格前有并列連詞 and，則可選 C.
15. 選B.that will help a cold 為修飾 what 的定語從句。比較：Have you got anything that will help a cold？ 以及 I’ve got nothing that will help a cold.
16. 選B.the way 后不接how 引導的從句，換句說，how 不是關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞，不能引導定語從句。以the way 為先行詞的定語從句通常用 that 或 in which 來引導，在非正式文體中也可省略 that 和 in which.
17. 選D.from whose house the pictures were stolen 為修飾 the man 的定語從句，whose 在定語從句中用作定語，修飾 house.
18. 選 D.先行詞是 many cases，關(guān)系副詞 where =in which.
19. 選A.盡管句中用了 if you married me, I’d give you everything 這樣的虛擬語氣句子，但修飾everything 的定語從句 （that） you want 卻要用陳述語語氣，因為它是回答前面 Is this all that you need？ 這一提問的。
20. 選 D.因定語從句缺主語，且關(guān)系代詞指人，故選D.
21. 選A.where 所引導的為修飾 a dangerous situation 的定語從句。
22. 選 A.選項中的 I think 是插入語，若略去不看便可清楚地看出答案。
23. 選 B.of course 為插入語，若將項其去掉，則答案顯然是B.
24. 選C.that which相當于 the problem which.
25. 選B.the leaves of which 相當于 whose leaves.
26. 選 D.先行詞是 The famous basketballer（著名的籃球明星），故要用 who 來引導定語從句，因為其余三項均不用于指人。
27. 選 C.which 引導一個非限制性定語從句，其中 which 指代 a cheaper one，且在定語從句中用作主語。which was what 中的 what引導一個表語從句，它相當于 the one that.
責任編輯：李芳芳