倒裝句型是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中的重要語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目和重要考點(diǎn)之一。任何倒裝句型都有其標(biāo)志，這個(gè)標(biāo)志也是構(gòu)成倒裝句型的條件�？梢�(jiàn)只要搞清楚倒裝標(biāo)志就可以巧奪天工記倒裝句型。

一、 尋找完全倒裝標(biāo)志，巧記完全倒裝句型

所謂完全倒裝句型是指當(dāng)某一特點(diǎn)內(nèi)容置于句首時(shí)，將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞直接提前置于該特定內(nèi)容后面而構(gòu)成的倒裝句型，其標(biāo)志通常為：

１． Here, there, in, out, up, down, away等介、副詞置于句首時(shí)，應(yīng)使用完全倒裝句型。例如：

In came the boy.

Away flew the bird.

注意：此句型主語(yǔ)必須為名詞，主語(yǔ)為代詞時(shí)不能使用完全倒裝句型。例如：

he rushed out. Out he rushed.

２． In front of, in the distance, to the east of 等地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)，應(yīng)使用完全倒裝句型。例如：

In the distance stands a high building.

To the east of the two hills lies a city.

二、 尋找不完全倒裝標(biāo)志，巧記不完全倒裝句型

不完全倒裝句型要求當(dāng)某一特定內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在句首時(shí)，不能將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞直接置于句首，而須在該特定內(nèi)容后加上助動(dòng)詞。不完全倒裝句型的構(gòu)成常有下列標(biāo)志：

１． Often, many a time, never, seldom等表示頻度的副詞置于句首時(shí)，應(yīng)使用完全倒裝句型。例如：

Seldom does he go home.

Many a time has he been to Beijing.

２． Hardly, scarcely, barely, little等主要表示否定意義的副詞出現(xiàn)在句首時(shí)應(yīng)使用不完全倒裝句型。例如：

Hardly can you understand the text.

Little does he know about the news.

３． Not until +　時(shí)間出現(xiàn)在句首時(shí)應(yīng)使用不完全倒裝句型。例如：

Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what wheat is.

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.

４． Hardly\when\, no sooner\\ than\\(一、、、就、、、)置于句首時(shí)使用不完全倒裝句型。例如：

Hardly had I got to the airport when the plane took off.

No sooner had he gone to bed than the telephone rang.

５． 表示“也”的so(用于肯定句)和neither/nor(用于否定句)出現(xiàn)在句首時(shí)應(yīng)使用不完全倒裝句型。例如：

he has passed the exam, so have i.

Do you know Jim quarrelled with his borther?

I don’t know, nor do I care.

６． Only 出現(xiàn)在句首修飾介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，就使用不完全倒裝句型。例如：

Only in this way can you work out this question.

Only then did I realize the importance of studying English.

Only when he is free does he come to see me.

Only because he was busy did he not go there.

Only修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能使用倒裝句型。

Only teachers can use this room.

７． Not until\ but also\\結(jié)構(gòu)中的not only置于句首且not only和but also后均不直接跟主語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)使用不完全倒裝句型。例如：

Not only does he study English but also French.

注意：not only\ but also\連接兩個(gè)分句的第一個(gè)分句倒裝，第二個(gè)分句不倒裝。例如：

not only does he study hard but also he has a kind heart.

Not only\ but also\連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)不倒裝。例如：

Not only he but also his parents have been to Beijing.

８． 當(dāng)so\ that\（如此、、、以致、、、，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）結(jié)構(gòu)中的so出現(xiàn)在句首時(shí)應(yīng)使用不完全倒裝句型。例如：

so fast did he run that I couldn’t catch up with him.

三、 尋找特殊倒裝標(biāo)志，巧記特殊倒裝句型

有些倒裝句型的構(gòu)成不是將動(dòng)詞提前，也不是將助動(dòng)詞提前（或加助動(dòng)詞），而是將句子中的某部分內(nèi)容提前，這種特殊倒裝句型常有下列標(biāo)志：

１． 可將句型prefer to do A rather than do B(寧愿做Ａ而不愿做Ｂ)中的rather than do B前置至句首，從而構(gòu)成特殊倒裝句型。例如：

rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.

２． As(盡管)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一般將按通常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)置于句未的表語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞或副詞前置至句首，從而構(gòu)成特殊倒裝句型。例如：

Young as he is, he knows a lot.

注意：如果表語(yǔ)為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前置時(shí)應(yīng)去掉不定冠詞。例如：child as he is, he has been to many places.

Much as I want to see him, I dare not do it.

Go as you may, you can’t see him.

３． 在if 虛擬條件從句中，如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were, had , could, should,可將這四詞提至句首，將連詞if 省去，從而構(gòu)成特殊倒裝句型。例如：

had it been possible, would you have done it?

Were I you, I wouldn’t go.

Could I do it, I would do it.

Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go.

四、 尋找形倒實(shí)不倒標(biāo)志，巧記倒實(shí)不倒句型　

有些句型形式上酷似倒裝句型，而實(shí)際上不是倒裝句型，不要將其主謂倒瘃或其它特殊倒裝，這種形倒實(shí)不倒的句型常有下列標(biāo)志：

１． 感嘆句中的what和how在其它句型中多用特殊疑問(wèn)詞，故許多同學(xué)將感嘆句判斷為特殊疑問(wèn)句而采用倒裝語(yǔ)序，實(shí)際上what和how 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：

what a long way it is from Beijing to London!

How beautiful a flower it is!

２． 由于帶插入語(yǔ)的特殊疑問(wèn)句仍以特殊疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭，故許多同學(xué)誤將此句型判斷為純特殊疑問(wèn)句，從而采用倒裝語(yǔ)序，實(shí)際上應(yīng)將插入語(yǔ)后面的內(nèi)容視為賓語(yǔ)從句而采用陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：

where do you think he has gone?

When do you know he will come?

３． 名詞性從句中的what, how, when, why等詞易被誤認(rèn)為特殊疑問(wèn)詞而采用疑問(wèn)式倒裝語(yǔ)序，實(shí)際上這些詞為連詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，故該從句應(yīng)為陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：

when he will come is unknown to me.

No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years.

My question is where he has gone.

４． Whatever , however, 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常被誤認(rèn)為特殊疑問(wèn)句而采用倒裝語(yǔ)序，實(shí)際上應(yīng)采用陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：

It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.

We’ll have to finish the job however long it takes.

（小周）