定語從句中的關(guān)系副詞有三個(gè)：when, where和why，它們?cè)诙ㄕZ從句中分別作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語。其句法結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

1. when指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。

例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army.

2. where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。

例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

關(guān)系副詞“when”、“where”既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

例如：I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall.

He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12.

I don’t know the exact spot where they will meet.

Mr Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months.

有時(shí)關(guān)系副詞“when”、“where”引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句和先行詞有間隔的現(xiàn)象，是為了平衡句子的語法需要。

Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?

The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “foreign oil.”.

3. why只用于reason之后的限制性定語從句中,在定語從句中作原因狀語。

例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在現(xiàn)代英語中why可以省略)

上句也可以這樣表示：

That is the reason I did the job.

又如： This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature.

關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中的用法看似簡(jiǎn)單，以下注意點(diǎn)不可忽視：

1）“when”、“where”和“why”的運(yùn)用取就于表時(shí)間的名詞、表地點(diǎn)的名詞和表原因的名詞reason在定語從句中所作的成分，比較下面的幾組句子：

*I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore.

*I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School.

**This is the hospital where my mother works.

**This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday.

***The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.

***This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .

2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替換成“介詞 + which”，介詞的選用取就于先行詞和定語從句中的動(dòng)詞。例如：

Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when)

This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)

Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party. (for which=why)

英語中的關(guān)系副詞由：where,when和 why。這三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞很多情況下，都可以用介詞+關(guān)系代詞來替換。

where=in /at /to+which;

when=in /on /at+which;

why=for +which.

有時(shí)定語從句中介詞短語和動(dòng)詞有意義緊密的修飾關(guān)系，尤其在非限制性定語從句中，常使用“介詞 + which”結(jié)構(gòu)，而不使用關(guān)系副詞。例如：

My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.

At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse.

3) “that”可活用為關(guān)系副詞，相當(dāng)于“when, where、why”和“介詞 + which”結(jié)構(gòu)，尤其在“the time when”等結(jié)構(gòu)中的“when”常被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略。

I may leave here any time I want to.

During the time I was there I visited him twice.

This is my second time I have come to your country.

1.It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.

A. that B. when C. which D. where

答案 D

解析 考查定語從句。先行詞是situation，指物，亦可指地點(diǎn)，關(guān)系詞在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where，選D。

2. I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.

A. which B. where C. how D. why

答案 B

3 .After graduation she reached a point in her career she needed to decide what to do.A.that B.what C.which D.where

答案 D

解析 本題考查定語從句關(guān)系詞的確定。英語中，point/situation/case等作先行詞，其后的關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞where（相當(dāng)于in which）。該定語從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，因此用where。

4.Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.

A. why B. what C. that D. where

答案 D

5.Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.

A.who B.which C.why D.when

答案 D