作者：籍萬杰
倒裝可分為"全部倒裝"和"部分倒裝"。句子是全部倒裝還是部分倒裝往往取決于位于句首的詞語。因此,弄清具有倒裝要求的標志詞是解題的關鍵。
一、全部倒裝
將整個謂語提到主語之前的稱為全部倒裝。常見的有:
1. 用于"there(here,now,then)+不及物動詞+主語"的句型中,或以in,out,down,up,away等副詞開頭的句子里,以示強調。如:
There goes the bell.
注意:當上面的主語是人稱代詞時,盡管副詞位于句首,主謂語序不倒裝。
2. 表示方位意義的介詞短語或副詞短語位于句首作狀語,謂語動詞為be、表示"位于、存在"的動詞或"位置移動"的單個不及物動詞時。如:
From the valley came a frightening sound.
3. 作表語的形容詞、分詞、介詞短語放在句首時。如:
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
二、部分倒裝
將謂語的一部分(即情態(tài)動詞、系動詞或助動詞)提到主語前的稱部分倒裝。如果句中沒有情態(tài)動詞、系動詞或助動詞,謂語只是一個實義動詞,要在主語前加助動詞do, does或did,主語后的實義動詞用原形。常見的有:
1. 當"so (such)...that..."結構中的so或such位于句首時,構成部分倒裝句。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
So difficult ________ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.
A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel
答案: D
2. 當具有否定意義的詞(no,not,never, neither, nor, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not only, no sooner, by no means, in no case / way, at no time, etc.)位于句首時,要用部分倒裝。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
________ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
答案: B
注意:not until引導的從句位于句首時,not until引導的從句不倒裝,主句倒裝。
3. only位于句首,修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句時,要用部分倒裝。注意:only修飾狀語從句時,主句中倒裝,從句中不倒裝;only修飾的不是狀語時,則不用倒裝語序。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
Only when your identity has been checked, ________.
A. you are allowed in
B. you will be allowed in
C. will you allow in
D. will you be allowed in
答案: D
4. 當as / though引導讓步狀語從句時,可出現(xiàn)"名詞 / 形容詞 / 副詞 / 分詞 + as + 主語 + 動詞"或"動詞 + as + 主語 + 助動詞"的倒裝形式。當表語是名詞時,名詞前不加任何冠詞。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
________, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.
A. As long as I have traveled
B. Now that I have traveled so much
C. Much as I have traveled
D. As I have traveled so much
答案: C
5. 當however, no matter how引導讓步狀語從句時,常把however / no matter how + 形容詞 / 副詞放在句首,此時主謂不倒裝。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
You should try to get a good night's sleep ________ much work you have to do.
A. however B. no matter
C. although D. whatever
答案: A