人教版高一冊第二單元同步重點精講
1.Joe is an American who has come to Britain for the first time.喬是一個初次來英國的美國人。
for the first time“第一次,首次”,指有生以來或一段時間中第一次做某事,為介詞短語,在句中一般單獨作狀語。如:
They were asked to make a trip for free for the first time. 有生以來他們頭一次被請求作一次免費旅行。
For the first time he said nothing about our plan.第一次他對我們的計劃沒有說什么。
[辨析]the first time用作連詞,常引導一個時間狀語從句,其重點不是要說第一次做了什么,而是敘述另一動作或情況;同時該短語也可引導一個表語從句,強調(diào)到說話時為止某一情況或動作的次數(shù),此時其后常用完成時態(tài)。如:
The first time I met her, I knew she was an honest girl.我第一次遇到她時,就知道她是個誠實的女孩。
-Do you know our town?你了解我們的城鎮(zhèn)嗎?
-No. This is the first time I have been here.不。這是我第一次來這兒。
2.Did you sleep at all on the plane?你到底在飛機上睡了沒有?
at all有下面三種常見用法:
1) 用于疑問句中,意為“究竟,果然”,起加強語氣作用。如:
Do you know who will come?你到底知不知道誰要來?
2) 用于否定句中,意為“根本”,起加強語氣作用。如:
I don’t like the food at all.我一定也不喜歡這食物。
3) 用于條件句中,意為“既然……就……”。如:
If you do it at all, do it well.既干就得好好地干。
I’ll come tomorrow if I come at all? 如果我要來,就明天來。
[引申]not at all 不客氣(常用于回答道謝)。如:
-It’s very kind of you to help me.謝謝你幫助我。
-Not at all.不用謝(不客氣)。
4.Could I use your bathroom?我能用一下你的盥洗室嗎?
Could I …?用來表示委婉的請求,比“Can I …?”更客氣?捎糜诘谝、
二人稱。如:
Could I use your dictionary for a minute?我可以借你的字典用一會兒嗎?
Could you post the letter for me on your way home?在你回家的路上您能替我將信寄掉嗎?
[注意]回答“Could I …?”時,一般不可再用could,而應其原形can,即不能說“Yes, you could.”,而應說“Yes, you can”,類似的肯定表達法還有:Yes, of course,Yes, please或Yes, help yourself。
[引申]和could這種用法相同的還有兩個情態(tài)動詞,即might和would。如:
-Might I put the book here?我可以將書放在這兒嗎?
-Yes, you may.可以。
5. You don’t need to ask, just make yourself at home.你不必問,別客氣。
此句中need為行為動詞,后常接動詞不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞或名詞作賓語。如:
The radio needs repairing. = The radio needs to be repaired.收音機需要修理了。
You don’t need to go now. They’ll arrive soon.你現(xiàn)在不必去了。他們很快就到。
[辨析]need作情態(tài)動詞時常用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中,此時其后接動詞原形。肯定回答時用must。如:
-Need I go there?我需要去嗎?
-Yes, you need. (No, you needn’t.)是的。(不,不必了)。
You need not tell her the news. She has known it.你不必要告訴她這消息了。她已知道了。
[注意]在否定句中,判斷need是行為動詞還是情態(tài)動詞關鍵看not的位置。not在need后,則need為情態(tài)動詞,反之,為行為動詞。
6.However, the number of people who learn English as a foreign language is more than 750 million.然而,把英語作為第二外語學習的人數(shù)超過7.5億。
however表示“但是,可是,不過”時,起連詞作用,可放在句首或句中,有時也可放于句末,但其后均要加逗號(在句末時,逗號放在其前)。如:
However, he didn’t finish the work on time.然而,他沒有準時完成工作。
the number of表示“……的數(shù)量(數(shù)目)”,后接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式,作主語時,謂語動詞必須用單數(shù)形式。
[辨析]a number of表示“許多,很多”,后也接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式,但作主語時,謂語動詞常用復數(shù)形式。a number of 相當于本單元中的a great many。number前也可用large,small等詞修飾,以表示數(shù)量的多少,大小。如:
The number of the students in the hall is about 200.大廳里的學生有約200人。
A number of students are planting trees.許多學生在植樹。
7.It will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.精通英語將會越來越重要。
have a good knowledge of 意為“具有一種很好的……知識”。
[注意]在此結(jié)構(gòu)中knowledge為可數(shù)名詞,表示“一種……的知識”。其余情況下均用作不可數(shù)名詞。如:
He has a good knowledge of the English language but not much knowledge of English history.他對英語有豐富的知識,但對英語史知道得卻不多。
I have no knowledge of what he said.我不理解他所說的話。
Knowledge is power.知識就是力量。
8.For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed.很長一段時間這種語言在美國保持不變,而在英國卻發(fā)生了變化。
stay在該句中為連系動詞,表“保持(某種狀態(tài))”,后接形容詞作表語。如:
The shop stays open until 11:00 p.m.這家商店開門到夜里十一點。
After three years, the town stays the same as before.五年過去了,小鎮(zhèn)還是老樣子。
[辨析]last作“持續(xù),維持”時,為不及物動詞,后常接for引導的時間短語,但for?墒÷。如:
The meeting lasted (for) three hours.會議開了三個小時。
[對比]I hope the warm weather will last for another three days. = I hope the weather will stay warm for another three days.我希望暖和的天氣會再持續(xù)三天。
句中while為并列連詞,表“而,卻”,指前后兩個并列分句在意義上的對比或轉(zhuǎn)折。如:
I’m interested in music, while my sister is fond of sports.我對音樂感興趣,而我的姐姐愛好體育。
9.Except for these differences in spelling, written English is more or less the same in both British and American English.除了拼寫上的這些區(qū)別,英國英語和美國英語在書面語中或多或少有所相同。
[辨析]except與except for
except是從一組東西(整體)中排除其特殊一個或幾個(部分)。而except for則是以保留的方式對整個句子內(nèi)容進行修正,此時前后兩部分所表示的并非是同一類的事,它們之間常是從屬關系,后面一部分常對前一部分在細節(jié)上加以。如:
Everyone went to the cinema except Tom.除湯姆外,每個人都去看電影了。
Your composition is very good except for some spelling mistakes.你的作文除幾個拼寫錯誤外,其他都很好。
Except for an old lady, the bus was empty.除了一位老太太外,公共汽車內(nèi)空無一人。
[注意]besides指“除……之外,另外還有”,為“+”的概念。而except為“―”的概念。如:
Two others went to see the film besides Tom.除湯姆外,還有兩個人去看電影了。
10.However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.然而,大多數(shù)時候兩國人在相互理解上并無困難。
have some (much, little, no,…) difficulty (in) doing sth. / with sth.為“做某事有一些(許多,幾乎沒有,沒有,……)困難。如:
I have no difficulty with the maths problem.解決這個數(shù)學難題我沒有困難。
Do you have any difficulty in finding his house?你找到他家有困難嗎?
[注意]此句型中的difficulty相當于trouble,均為不可數(shù)名詞;接動詞的-ing形式時,介詞in后省略;接名詞時用介詞with。