高三英語復習教案(7)
(SB I-Units 13-14)
一、單元考點提示
1、單詞
A as,at/in/on,like,president,news,death,consider
B tired,well,consider,suggest,need,worry,stop,interest,
不定代詞的修飾語
2、短語
A fight against,used to,no more than,become interested in,be against,set up,of one’s own,be free to do sth.,break away from,break out,join up,call for,for the second time
B get along/get along with,be kind to,make fun of,anything else,tell a lie,at all,形容詞比較級表示最高級含義
3、句型結構
1.so+adj.(adv.)
2.so+adj.+a(n)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
3.so+adj.(少數(shù)表示量的形容詞)+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)(或不可數(shù)名詞)
4.spend time/money on sth.
5.spend time in doing sth.
6.seem為連系動詞,其基本句型和用法
二、考點精析與拓展
I.單詞和詞組
1、break 小結
break 一詞常用搭配有:
(1)break out(戰(zhàn)爭、火災、爭吵、瘟疫等)爆發(fā)
A big fire broke out in the city last week.
(2)break away from 脫離
A carriage(車廂)broke away from the train.
(3)break the law 違反法律
Who breaks the law will be punished by the law.
(4)break in 破門而入;打斷
He broke in to say that he was not interested in what I was talking about.
(5)break down 損壞;中斷
Her fridge has broken down for a long time.
(6)break off 打斷;結束;暫停
They were arguing(爭論)but broke off when someone came into the room.
(7)break into闖入;侵入
Thieves broke into my house when I was out.
2.consider用法小結
consider是個很常用的動詞,其意義不同,句型結構也不同。我們在學習中要特別注意。
(1)作“仔細考慮、深思熟慮”解,consider可作不及物動詞或及物動詞。
作及動詞時,后可接名詞、代詞、動名詞作賓語,不能接動詞不定式,但可以接疑問詞+不定式,相當于賓語從句。例如:
Consider carefully before you decide.
你要慎重考慮后再做決定。
They considered your suggestion.他們仔細考慮了你的建議。
He is considering studying abroad.他在考慮出國留學。
We are considering how to help them.我們在考慮如何幫助他們。
(2)作“將……視為、認為、以為”解。
①可用consider+名詞+(to be)名詞(形容詞)或consider+名詞+as+名詞(形容詞)結構,但當不定式為行為動詞時,不能省略,不可用于進行時。這樣用時相當于that引導賓語從句。例如:
He considers himself(to be)clever(=as clever).=He considers that he is clever.他認為自己很聰明。
I consider him(to be)my closest friend(as my closest friend).=I consider(that)he is my closest friend.我把他視為我最親密的朋友。
He is considered to have invented the first computer.他被認為是最早發(fā)明計算機的人。
②還可用于consider+it(形式賓語)+形容詞+不定式結構。例如:
I consider it wrong for students to smoke.我認為學生抽煙是不對的。
3.fight against;fight for
fight with,fight against意為“為反對……而戰(zhàn)、與……作斗爭”,against 后面接的是反對的對象,如:
They are fighting against their enemy.他們在與敵人作戰(zhàn)。
Political leaders fought against slavery.政治領導們?yōu)榱朔磳ε`制度而斗爭。
fight for 意為“為爭取……而斗爭、因為……而打架”。如:
Two dogs fight for a bone,and a third runs away with it.兩只狗為搶一塊骨頭而打架,另一只狗把骨頭叼走了。
fight with意為“同……(一起并肩)作戰(zhàn)、與……作戰(zhàn)”,它含有兩重意思,試比較:
They fought with the Italian in the last war.他們在最后的這次戰(zhàn)爭中是與意大利人作戰(zhàn)。
They fought with the Italian against France in that war.在那次戰(zhàn)爭中,他們和意大利聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)反對法國。
4.no more than;not more than;no more...than;not more...than
no more than 意為“僅僅、只不過”,相當于only。它與數(shù)字連用時,意為“僅僅至多”,強調(diào)“少”,帶有說話者的感情色彩。如:
I am no more than a teacher.我只是個教師而已。
There were no more than two hospitals in this city before liberation.解放前,這座城市里只有兩家醫(yī)院(表示很少)
not more than 后面接數(shù)詞時,表示“不超過、最多”的意思。用來說明情況,并含有“少”之意,也不帶有說話者的主觀色彩。如:
There are not more than ten minutes left.最多只剩下10分鐘了。(表示客觀事實)
“no more+形容詞(副詞)原級+than”意為“兩者同樣不”,前面和后面同時否定,帶有感情色彩。如:
This tool is no more useful than that one.
這件工具與那件工具一樣沒有用。(兩者都沒有用)
“not more+形容詞(副詞)原級+than”意為“A不比B更……”。這是比較級的正規(guī)用法,表示比較的事實,兩者都肯定。如:
This tool is not more useful than one.這樣工具不及那件工具有用。(兩者都有用)
5.shoot sb./sth;shoot at sb./sth.
在shoot sb./sth.中,shoot為及物動詞,除了shoot the arrow(射箭)外,其賓語多為射擊的對象,即人或動物等。Shoot意為“打中、打死、槍決”。而在shoot at sb./sth.中,shoot為不及物動詞,at表示動作的方向或目標,打中與否不得而知。試比較:
He shoot the bear.他打中了那只熊。
He shoot at the bear.他朝那只熊射擊。
6. finally at last, in the end.
三者均有“最后、終于”的含義。
finally常用于動詞之前,表示人們長期以來期待的某事最后實現(xiàn)了,也可指一系列事物或論點的順序。例如:
After putting it off three times,we finally managed to have a holiday in Greece.經(jīng)過三次延期之后,我們終于在希臘度了一次假。
They talked about it for hours.Finally,they decided not to go.他們談論了幾個小時,最后決定不去。
at last 有時可與finally互換,但往往用于一番拖延或曲折之后,語氣更強烈。例如:
When at last they found him, he was almost dead.當人們最終找到他時,他已經(jīng)奄奄一息了。
James has passed his exams at last.詹姆斯終于通過了考試。
in the end指經(jīng)過許多變化、困難的捉摸不定的情況之后,某事才發(fā)生。例如:
We made five different plans for our holiday, but in the end we had a summer camp again.我們制訂了五種不同的度假方案,但最后我們還是選定了再來一次夏令營活動。
7.used to ;would; be used to
(1)used to 表示“過去慣!,但“現(xiàn)在不做了”,指過去的習慣或狀態(tài),to 為不定式符號,后跟動詞原形。有兩點須注意:
①否定式。used to do sth.的否定式有兩種形式:
used not (usedn’t)to do sth.
didn’t use to do sth.例如:
He didn’t use to (usedn’t to)like country music,but now
he is getting interested.
②疑問式。used to do sth.的疑問式也有兩種形式。其簡短回答中的to通常不予省略,但動詞原形常被省略。
Did + sb.(主語)+ use to do sth.?
Used + sb.(主語)+ to do sth.?
Did he use to play basketball?
Used he to play basketball?
(2)would(可以)是will的過去式,也可表示習慣動作。
①would用于過去將來時。
過去將來時的基本形式是:would+動詞原形,在英國英語中,主語是第一人稱時,would可換做should,第二、三人稱用would。
I thought I would make lots of new friends.我曾認為我會交上許多新朋友。
②would表示過去習慣的動作。
“would + 動詞原形”表示過去的習慣動作,與used to 同義,但與used to 有別。Used to do表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),同時隱含有“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有所改變”的意思,而“would+do sth.” 可以用來表示“過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生”,但不表示“過去存在的狀態(tài)”。
She used to say“No pains,no gains”。
她過去常說:“不勞而獲”。(used to可以換為would)
I used to live in the countryside.我過去住在農(nóng)村。(此句的used to不可用would換用)
(3)be used to具有雙重含義:
①be used to是use sth.to do sth的被動形式,意為“被用來干某事”,to為不定式符號。例如:Rice may be used to make wine.
②be used to表示“習慣于……,”be可以換為get或become,表示“開始、變得習慣于……”,to 為介詞,其后接名詞、代詞或動詞作賓語。例如:
I’m used to English food.
8.pattern;model;example
pattern“型、式樣、圖樣”可指供模仿的某物原型或精心設計出的圖樣或模型,也可指榜樣。如:
Can you use the sentence pattern?他會用這個句型嗎?
She is a pattern for us.她是我們學習的典范。
model“模型、模范”,指供模仿或值得信效的人或物。如:
Have you seen his model ship?你看見過他的船模嗎?
example “例子、榜樣”,主要指人及其行為和活動被他人信效。如:
Example is better than precept.身教重于言教。
9.Recently;lately
兩者均可表示“近來、最近”,但用法不同。
recently 是書面語,常被quite,just,but, very,only等詞所修飾,以加強語氣。主要用于肯定句中。如:
He’s only recently begun billogy. 他只是最近才開始學生物。
I didn’t know it until quite recently.我一直到最近才知道。
Lately常用于口語,指與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的一段時間,常見于否定句或疑問句中。如:
I haven’t seen him lately.我近來沒有看到他。
10.reply;answer
reply和answer均可解作“回答、答道”,但用法有別。reply用做不及物動詞時,可用reply to sb./sth.;作及物動詞后跟直接引語或賓語從句,但不能直接跟人或物作賓語。如:
Please reply to my question.請回答我的問題。
He replied that he knew the news.他回答說他知道這消息。
answer 用作及物動詞,可直接跟名詞或代詞作賓語,而reply應加to才可接名詞或代詞。如:
He answered the examination paper quite well.他考卷答得很好。
fail to reply to a question/letter未能回答問題/回信
11.because;because of
二者均表示“因為”,區(qū)別是:
because是從屬連詞引導原因狀語從句;而because of是一個合成介詞,其后接名詞、代詞、動名詞或what從句組成介詞短語。如:
I went back not because of the rain,but because I was tired.我回去不是因為下雨,而是因為我累了。
Her face turned red because of what he said.他的話使她臉紅了。
12.suggest+賓語從句
suggest 在此意為“建議”,后面的賓語從句的謂語用了虛擬語氣,其結構是:should do或do,否定形式為:should not do或not do.如:
I suggested that LiMing (should)be sent to the south.
我建議把李明派往南方。
I suggested that he (should)not do it today.我建議他今天先不要做。
suggest只有作“建議”解時,后面才可以跟“should(not)+動詞原形”的形式,當suggest作“表明”解時不可以用此結構。如:
His smile suggested that he was quite satisfied with our work.他的微笑表示他對我們的工作很滿意。
同時,即使是suggest作“建議”解,在現(xiàn)代英語中,謂語也可以用其他形式。
I suggest that you don’t ask him home for the vacation.我建議你假期不要邀他回家去。(句中用don’t ask,而沒有用should not ask或not ask)
I suggest that Robert might go to Beijing and have a talk with Mr Wu.我建議羅伯特去北京同吳先生談一談。(句中用might go而沒有用should go 或go)
13.like 用法小結
(1)like 用做動詞(及物)通常表示一般的“喜歡”,為口語用詞,詞意沒有l(wèi)ove感情強烈,反義詞為hate。
①like + n.(pron.)
Does Li Ming like bananas?李明喜歡吃香蕉嗎?
Do you like it?你喜歡它嗎?
②like + v.-ing(動名詞)
Do you like working in China?你喜歡在中國工作嗎?
③like + to + v.(不定式)
I like to keep busy.我喜歡生活得緊張。
④would like(=would love)后接名詞、代詞或不定式,多用于有禮貌地提出要求,意為“想要、愿意”。
Would you like something to drink?你想喝點什么嗎?
I’d like two sweaters for my daughter.我要給我女兒買兩件運動衫。
Would you like to come?你愿意來嗎?
⑤How do you like...?(=What do you think of...?)此句型用于詢問對方對某人(物)的看法,意為“你覺得 ……怎么樣?”
How do you like China?你覺得中國怎么樣?
(2)like 用做介詞,意為“像……一樣”,反義詞為unlike。
①like 后接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。
Don’t throw it like that .別那樣扔它。
They’re round,like the moon.它們是圓的,像月亮一樣。
Walking on the moon is just like flying .在月球上行走就像飛一樣。
②look like意為“看起來像……一樣”。
It looks like a chicken.它看起來像一只雞。
③feel like+v-ing意為“想……”。
I had a little,but I don’t feel like eating.我吃了一點,可我不想吃。
④What’s the weather like...?(=How’s the weather like...?)此句型用來詢問天氣情況,意為“……天氣怎么樣?”。
What’s the weather like in Australia now?現(xiàn)在澳大利亞天氣情況怎么樣?
II 句型
1.As a child….:As/When he was a child…,小的時候,該句型中的as為連詞,意為“在……的時候”,引導時間狀語從句。當從句與主句主語一致,且從句謂語為be時,可將從句主語及be省略。
①Even as(he was)a student,Professor Smith showed great interest in maths.甚至上學的時候,史密斯教授對數(shù)學就很感興趣。
②As(he was)a boy,he liked playing table tennis with the grown-ups.小時候,他就喜歡和大人們打乒乓球。
2.do all sb.can to do sth.:do what sb.can to do sth.盡某人的所能做某事
all 后面為that 所引導的定語從句,that在從句中作賓語已被省略;can后面為避免重復省略了do;后面的to do sth.為不定式(短語)作目的狀語。all(that)sb.can(do)相當于賓語從句what sb.can(do)。
①I’ll do all I can to help you.我將盡力幫助你。
②He did all he could to improve his spoken English. 他盡了最大努力來提高英語口語水平。
3.no more than:only僅僅;只有。具有感情色彩,強調(diào)“少”。與no less than 相對。
Not more than:less than;at most不到;至多。說明客觀事實。與not less than相對。
①He has no more than 20 yuan.他只有20元錢。(強調(diào)錢“少”)
He has not more than 20 yuan.他有不到20元錢。(說明客觀事實)
②No less than 50 people attended the meeting.參加會議的人不少于50多個。(強調(diào)“多”)
Not less than 50 people attended the meeting.參加會議的有50多人。(說明客觀事實)
注意:no用于比較級之前總含有感情色彩;not用來否定比較級則只說明客觀事實。
①you are no taller than I.你并不比我高。(我們兩人都矮)
you are not taller than I.你不如我高。
②This question is no more diffcult than that one.這個問題并水比那個(容易的)問題難。
This question is not more diffcult than that one.這個問題不如那個問題難。
4.In 1860,Abraham Lincoln was elected president….1860年林肯被選為總統(tǒng)。
president/chairman/head/captain/director/mornitor等表示頭銜、職位的名詞,在用作同位語、補語或表語時,前面通常不加冠詞。
5.suggest vt.建議;提議。有三種常用句式(但不能說suggest sb.to do sth.)。
(1)suggest sth.
①Who suggested the plan?誰提出的這項計劃?
②She suggested Shanghai for their meeting.他提議在上海會面。
(2)suggest doing sth.(不能接不定式)
①He suggested going for a swim in the river after lunch.他提議午飯后去河里游泳。
②I suggest talking with him as soon as possible.我建議盡快和他談。
(3)suggest than……此時的賓語從句通常用虛擬語氣,即謂語用“should+原形”,should可以省略。
①I suggested (that)Jane(should)start at once.我建議簡馬上出發(fā)。
②I suggested Jack not wear the sweater.我建議杰克不要穿背心。
③We suggested he be punished.我們提議懲罰他。
注意:suggest當“表明;暗示”講時后面的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。
①The smile on her face suggested she was very happy.臉上的微笑說明她很高興。
②His silence suggested that he didn’t agree with us.沉默不語表明他不同意我們的意見。
6.向別人提建議時常用的句型。
①Why don’t you do sth.……?你怎不……?
②Why not do sth.?(上句的省略)為什么不……?
③You’d better do sth.你最好是……。
例如:
①Why don’t you ask them to help you?你怎么不叫他們幫助你呢?
②Why not/don’t you go for a walk with them?為什么不和他們一塊去散步呢?
③You’d better go to see a doctor this afternoon.你最好下午去看醫(yī)生。
7.What do you think I should do?你認為我該怎么辦?
其中的do you think看作插入語,相當于what should I do,do you think?
①I think Tom is the best student in our class.我認為湯姆是我們班最好的學生。劃線Tom 提問則得:Who do you think is the best student in our class?你認為誰是我們最好的學生?
(不能說:Do you think who is the best student in our class?)
②What do you think is going to happen next?你認為下一步要發(fā)生什么事。
③Which way do you think is better?你認為哪個方法較好呢?
三、經(jīng)典名題導解
題1(上海 2000)
-Excuse me,may I ask you some questions?
-Sorry.I’m too busy and haven’t even a minute to______.
A.spend B.spare C.share D.stop
分析:B。spare為“抽出時間”的意思,其他詞意均不符合本題。
題2(NMET 1993)
Charles Babbage is generally considered_______ the first computer.
A.to invent B.inventing
C.to have invented D.having invented
分析:C。is considered to(=is thought to...)被認為……,句中的consider不作“考慮”講,所以排除B,D兩選項。Invent的動作發(fā)生在過去,即is considered之前,所以應用完成時。
題3(NMET 2000)
It was an exciting moment for these tooball fans this year,______for the first time in years their team won the world cup.
A.that B.while C.which D.when
分析:D。分析該題句子結構可以看到前后句意完整,而后句意為“數(shù)年里是今年頭次贏得世界杯”。this year在后句中作狀語,所有應選擇表時間的關系副詞when。
題4(上海 2000)
Our English teacher______our buying a good English-Chinese dictionary.
A.asked B.ordered C.suggested D.required
分析:C。ask,order,require后面接不定式,suggest后面接動名詞。
題5 (NMET 2002)
It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.
A.it what to do with B.what to do it with
C.what to do with it D.to do what with it
分析:C。該題考查“疑問句+不定式”短語用法,動詞短語do with,多與what連用構成特殊疑問,What do you do with it?其中it作介詞with的賓語,do也是一個及物動詞,它的賓語就是疑問詞what引導的從句。在本題是what to do with it 作knows的賓語。
題6 (NMET 1997)
-Alice ,why didn’t you come yesterday?
-I_______, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A.had B.would C.was going to D.did
分析:C。從四個選項看,A項不符合語法邏輯。D項不符合邏輯。B項后加have,表示與過去事實相反的虛擬,則是對的。