高 二 英 語(yǔ)（第6講）

主講：鄭天德 （蘇州中學(xué)）

[教學(xué)內(nèi)容]

高二英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)（上）

[教學(xué)要求]

1、掌握本單元的單詞，詞組與句型。

2、學(xué)會(huì)幾句常用口語(yǔ)：

I’m interested to read some Shakespeare’s sonnets.

我有興趣讀點(diǎn)莎士比亞的十四行詩(shī)。

I’ve never heard of Robert Frost, so I’m very interested in his poems.

我從沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)羅伯特弗羅斯特，所以我對(duì)他的詩(shī)很有興趣。

I think it (will be ) too difficult to write a sonnet.

我想寫(xiě)一首十四行詩(shī)太難了。

I don’t know much about John Milton except his “Paradise Lost”.

我除了他的“失樂(lè)園”，對(duì)約翰彌爾頓不甚了解。

3、語(yǔ)法：過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。

[知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)]

一、重要單詞：

poem poetry poet intention recite pattern dialogue sort fantasy grammar glory sonnet absence district isle atmosphere introduction embrace tale shade extraordinary idiom crow mood apart insane essay recommend contribute

二、重點(diǎn)詞組：

play with … 玩要……，與……一起玩

call up 喚起，調(diào)動(dòng)，打電話

stand out 出類(lèi)拔萃，突出

come into being 出現(xiàn)，形式

[難點(diǎn)講解]

1、More than any other form of literature, poetry plays with sounds, words and grammar.

詩(shī)歌勝過(guò)任何其他文學(xué)形式更靈活地運(yùn)用聲音，詞匯與語(yǔ)法。

上句中more than的用法是習(xí)語(yǔ)，又例：

They were more than glad to help. 他們非常樂(lè)意來(lái)幫忙。

He was more than upset by the accident.

對(duì)那個(gè)事故他遠(yuǎn)不止是煩惱。

Newspapers and other media do more than simply record what happens.

報(bào)紙與其他媒體不僅僅是記錄發(fā)生的事情而已。

（注意比較上述例句的譯文。）

play的常見(jiàn)用法：

v.t. play football 踢足球 play cards 打牌

play chess 下棋

play the piano 彈鋼琴

the violin 拉小提琴

與……比賽/下棋……

We’ll play Class 3 at football.

Will you play me at chess?

Smith is playing the former champion in the tennis match.

史密斯正在與前網(wǎng)球冠軍比賽。

New York played Chicago for the baseball championship.

紐約與芝加哥爭(zhēng)奪棒球冠軍。

另有：

play “Hamlet” 演“漢姆雷特”這出戲

play (“the role/part of ”) Julie 扮演朱麗葉這角色

play a trick on … 捉弄

a joke

v.i. 玩，玩弄

Children like to play.

Can Bob come out to play with me? 鮑勃能出來(lái)和我一起玩嗎？

The cat is playing with a football. 這貓正在玩一個(gè)足球。

He is a playboy. He’s always playing with a girl’s affections.

他是個(gè)花花公子，他總是玩弄女孩的感情。

2、Poetry also calls up all the colors, feelings, experiences and curious images of a dream world.

詩(shī)歌也能喚起夢(mèng)幻世界中的一切色彩、情感、經(jīng)歷與各種奇妙的形象。

這里call up意為remind，喚起，但用法上有異，試比較：

His story called up (in my mind) a terrible experience I had last year.

reminded me of

他的故事使我想起我去年的一次可怕的經(jīng)歷。

3、Modern English started around the time of William Shakespeare towards the end of the sixteenth century.

現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)大約是在16世紀(jì)末莎士比亞時(shí)代開(kāi)始的。

around大約，與about同義，在不定的數(shù)詞前some也有此義：

He is only about/around/some five feet tall.

The journey will take us about/around/some ten days.

The date of his death may be set around/about 86 B.C.

He lived about/around the same time as Einstein.

towards用于時(shí)間，意為快到，臨近：（注意與until比較）

We arrived at the village towards 9 o’clock. (We didn’t arrive at the village until 9 o’clock.)

The rain stopped towards morning. (The rain didn’t stop until morning.)

4、John Keats died at a very young age in 1821;while William Wordsworth, who spent much of his time in the English Lake District, lived to the age of 80 and died in 1850.

約翰濟(jì)慈英年早逝于1821年，而威廉華茲華斯很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在英格蘭湖區(qū)渡過(guò)，享年80歲，1850年逝世。

這里to意為到（某時(shí)）�？捎胻ill/until代之，意義不變：

To/Until the day of his death he kept up his studies.

He teaches from morning to/till four o’clock..

但否定句不能用until/till替換。

I didn’t stay to the end of the meeting. 我沒(méi)耽到會(huì)議結(jié)束。

(cf. I didn’t leave until the end of the meeting. 我直到會(huì)議結(jié)束才走。這句如用持續(xù)動(dòng)詞stay，會(huì)有歧義，無(wú)法理解。)

5、The style and atmosphere in their poems has often led to comparisons with poets such as Du Fu and Li Bai. 他們的詩(shī)作的風(fēng)格與氣氛常常導(dǎo)致與杜甫、李白的比較。

①領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，帶領(lǐng)之意，不跟to do：

He led the Allied forces during the war. 他在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間領(lǐng)導(dǎo)盟軍。

The Party leads us (in) building socialism. 黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)我們建設(shè)社會(huì)主義。

He led a human right movement in the late 1980s. 他在80年代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一場(chǎng)人權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)。

②使某人做某事：

What led him to run away? 什么使他逃之夭夭？

The news leads me to believe that they will come. 這個(gè)消息使我相信他們會(huì)來(lái)的。

③lead to導(dǎo)致，to是介詞。

Herd work leads to success. All roads lead to Rome.

The heavy rain led to a flood.

偶爾也用作v.t.：

What led you to (drawing) this conclusion? 什么導(dǎo)致你得出這個(gè)結(jié)論？

6、The introduction of English poetry to China came late. 英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌傳入中國(guó)比較晚。

動(dòng)詞introduce的使用，有一定難度，注意以下用法：

①介紹人與人之間的認(rèn)識(shí)：

Allow me to introduce my friend Mr. Smith to you.

The chairman introduced the lecturer to the audience.

Have you been introduced? 你被引見(jiàn)了嗎？

②介紹，使人們了解一種知識(shí)，運(yùn)動(dòng)或藝術(shù)等等。直接賓語(yǔ)是被介紹對(duì)象：

It was my cousin who introduced me to jazz.

My father introduced me to the game of baseball.

Let me introduce you to Keats’ long poems.

③傳入，引入

Too many kinds of GM food have been introduced to China, which may bring about side effects.

Wang Shuo introduced the slang of Beijing street gangs into his novels.

王朔把北京街痞子的俚語(yǔ)引入了他的小說(shuō)。

7、Besides, no matter how well a poem is translated, something of the spirit of the original work is lost. 一首詩(shī)不管譯得多好，都會(huì)失去原作的神韻。

no matter how well …是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，讓我們小結(jié)一下讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的一些結(jié)構(gòu)：

He didn’t light the fire though/although it was cold.

I’ll do it, even if/even though it takes all the afternoon.

Tall as/though he was, (yet) he couldn’t reach the apples.

Though/Although he was tall,

雖然他很高，但是他還是夠不到那些蘋(píng)果。

（可以與yet連用，但不能與but/however連用）

While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.

while作雖然解時(shí)，不能放在主句之后。

No matter what I did, no one paid any attentions. 不管我做什么，沒(méi)有人理睬。

Whatever

Don’t believe the rumour, no matter who repeats it.

whoever

The book will be ready for him (no matter) whether he comes or not.

No matter how hard she worked, she failed the exam in the end.

However hard

No matter when and how the invaders come, they will be wiped out clean.

不管侵略者何時(shí)來(lái)怎樣來(lái)，他們將被消滅干凈。

（注意這里有when and how兩個(gè)連詞一般不用whenever and however并列替換。）

8、I started with small poems, but now I think I most like long poems.

我一開(kāi)始讀些短詩(shī)，但現(xiàn)在我想我最喜歡長(zhǎng)詩(shī)了。

begin with, start with意為以什么為開(kāi)始，一開(kāi)始做什么，一般with后面不接動(dòng)名詞，只接名詞、代詞：

I began with some short stories.

reading some short stories. ×

我一開(kāi)始讀（或?qū)�，根�?jù)當(dāng)時(shí)情景而理解）一些短篇小說(shuō)。

He is starting with grammar.

teaching grammar. ×

他將先講語(yǔ)法。

9、I close my book and my sadness is gone. 合上書(shū)本我的悲傷也就消失了。

gone是少數(shù)幾個(gè)其過(guò)去分詞可作非謂語(yǔ)的不及物動(dòng)詞之一，意為過(guò)去的，消失的，丟失的等等：

Her diamond necklace was gone. （表語(yǔ)）

I found my wallet gone. （賓補(bǔ)）

Don’t regret the gone case. （定語(yǔ)）

cf: He has gone. 他走了或他離開(kāi)了。

He is gone. 他死了或他失蹤了。

10、After Milton, almost every poet had a hand at this kind of poetry that was free of rhyme.

彌爾頓之后，幾乎每一位詩(shī)人都寫(xiě)過(guò)這種無(wú)韻自由詩(shī)。

have a hand at/in … 參考，做過(guò)一點(diǎn)……，插手……

He had a hand at the gamble when he was young. 他年輕時(shí)干過(guò)賭博這行當(dāng)。

None of your business, don’t have a hand in (it). 不要插手，與你無(wú)關(guān)。

He once had a hand at photography before he became an artist.

他成為畫(huà)家前搞過(guò)攝影。

11、Modern poets wanted to break with all the traditional forms of poetry.

現(xiàn)代詩(shī)人要破除詩(shī)歌的傳統(tǒng)形式。

這里break with = break away from

I should break with/break away from such habits.

He broke away from/broke with all his old friends.

[語(yǔ)法] 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)

1、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)：

Moved by the movie, Jane burst into tears. （原因）

Heated to 100℃, water boils. （條件/時(shí)間）

The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students. （方式/伴隨狀況）

上述過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)都有被動(dòng)意義，可改成以下從句：

Because/As she was moved by the movie, …

If/When it is heated to 100℃, …

…, who was followed by a group of students.

前兩句是狀語(yǔ)從句，最后一句卻是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

2、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)條件讓步時(shí)間等意義，常前置連詞，常見(jiàn)的有：when, if, unless, until, till, once, although, though, even if, etc,但引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的while一般不能接過(guò)去分詞，因?yàn)檫^(guò)去分詞的完成過(guò)去的意義與之有矛盾：

Experience, when dearly bought, is of great value.

Once seen, it will be impressed in your memory.

John, don’t speak until spoken to.

Unless asked, you should keep silent.

If given another ten minutes, I’ll finish sending the email.

He is very modest though praised by all.

Even if taken good care of, the man was not satisfied.

同步練習(xí)

一、單項(xiàng)選擇：

1、Who are you going to ________ in the tennis match?

A. play with B. play C. be played D. have played

2、They completed the new lab building _______ the end of summer vacation.

A. to B. until C. towards D. by

3、She introduced _____________.

A. Suzhou gardens to American friends

B. American friends to Suzhou gardens

C. American friends Suzhou gardens

D. Suzhou gardens for American friends

4、The computer __________. Choose the wrong answer:

A. belongs to Tom B. belongs to mine

C. is his D. is Tom’s

5、Jack’s surfing the net far into the night led to __________ to school again the next day.

A. come late B. coming late C. come later D. coming later

6、More and more students are ______ the Net these years.

A. interested to surf B. interested surfing

C. interest in surfing D. interested to surfing

7、Nowadays many people ______ the habit of staying up watching TV till midnight.

A. fall B. fall in C. fall into D. fall with

8、Teddy decided to ______ the street gang.

A. break away with B. break from C. break away D. break with

9、_________ the question, he didn’t know what to say.

A. Asking B. Asked C. To ask D. Having asked

10、Though __________ much money, yet he became a beggar a few weeks later.

A. giving B. having given C. being given D. given

二、英詩(shī)漢譯：

以下是美國(guó)詩(shī)人朗弗羅（Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 1807-1882）的一首名詩(shī)“生命頌”，請(qǐng)將它譯成中文：

A PSALM OF LIFE

WHAT THE HEART OF YOUNG MAN SAID TO THE PSALMIST

Tell me not, in mournful numbers,

“Life is but an empty dream！”

For the soul is dead that slumbers,

And things are not what they seem.

Life is real! Life is earnest!

And the grave is not its goal:

“Dust thou art, to dust returnest,”

Was not spoken of the soul.

Not enjoyment, and not sorrow.

Is our destined end or way;

But to act, that each to-morrow

Find us farther than to-day.

Art is long, and Time is fleeting,

And our hearts, though stout and brave,

Still, like muffled drums, are beating

Funeral marches to the grave.

In the world’s broad field of battle,

In the bivouac of Life,

Be not like dumb, driven cattle！

Be a hero in the strife！

Trust no Future, howe’er pleasant!

Let the dead Past bury its dead!

Act, -act in the living Present!

Heart within, and God o’erhead!

Lives of great men all remind us

We can make our lives sublime,

And, departing, leave behind us

Footprints on the sands of time;

Footprints, that perhaps another,

Sailing o’er life’s solemn main,

A forlorn and shipwrecked brother,

Seeing, shall take heart again.

Let us, then, be up and doing,

With a heart for any fate;

Still achieving, still pursuing,

Learn to labor and to wait.

參考答案

一、1、B 2、C 3、B 4、B 5、B 6、A 7、C 8、D 9、B 10、D

二、難點(diǎn)注譯：

生命頌

第1行 numbers 韻律，語(yǔ)調(diào)

第7行 thou art = you are returnest = return

第18行 bivouac 露營(yíng)地

第21行 howe’er = however

第24行 o’erhead = overhead

第26行 sublime 崇高，偉大

第27行 departing 逝世

第30行 main 海洋（詩(shī)歌用語(yǔ)）

第32行 take heart 得到鼓舞

第33行 up and doing 積極行動(dòng)起來(lái)