羅玉南
1．control的用法
control [k+n'tr+ull] vt．＆ n．控制，調節(jié)。例如：
①The drunk man could hardly control his car.那個醉漢幾乎抑制不住自己的車。
②At last the car was out of control and knocked at the wall.
最后小汽車失控撞到墻上。
③Can you control yourself when you get very angry with your children?
當你對孩子十分氣憤時，你能控制住自己嗎？
④The firefighters couldn't control the fire before the house was burnt down.
消防隊員控制不住大火，房子被燒毀了。
2．majority
1)majority 作名詞，意為“多數(shù)，大半”解。
①The company hold a majority of the stock.該公司擁有半數(shù)以上的股份。
②The majority will go to him. 多數(shù)人會投他的票。
③He was elected by a majority of 120 against 70.
他以120票對70票的多數(shù)當雪
2)當用作主語時，要注意主謂一致的問題。一般由of后的名詞決定
①The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.
大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認為吸煙有害健康。
②The majority of the people love peace.大多數(shù)人愛好和平。
③The majority of the damage is easy to repair.這次損害大部分容易補救。
【注】當把多數(shù)看作一個整體與少數(shù)人相對比時，用單數(shù)動詞。
Who says the majority is always able to impose its will on the minority?
誰說大多數(shù)人總是能將其意志強加在少數(shù)人身上呢？
3)majority 還可表示“成年，法定年齡”。
He will reach his majority next month.下月他將達到法定的成年年齡。
3．see的用法
1)see 作動詞，表示“看見，看到”或“見面，會見”。
①Do you see that ship on the horizon?
你看見地平線上的那艘船了嗎？
②I saw him cross the road. 我看見他穿過馬路。
③I saw him crossing the road. 我看見他在過馬路。
④The prisoner was seen to take the money.
有人看見這個犯人偷了錢。
⑤I don't see much of you these days.這幾天我不常見到你。
2)see to sth. 表示“照管，注意，留心等�！�
①A specialist has been charged to see to this business.
一個專家已被派來負責此事。
②I must see to getting the dinner ready.
我必須負責把晚餐準備好。
3)see (to it) that 意為“一定要注意做……”。
①I'll see (to it)that your order is carried out at once.
我會注意的，確保您的命令能夠立即執(zhí)行。
②See (to it) that they learn their lesson well.
請注意讓他們學好功課(監(jiān)督他們)。
③I will see that he pays you.我保證一定讓他把錢付給你。
4)I see. 的意思是“我明白了”，是在聽明白別人說的話時說的。 you see的意思是“你明白，你知道，你瞧”，是在請對方弄清道理過程中說的。
①“We're going to have a table tennis match tomorrow.”“I see.”
“明天我們要進行一場乒乓球賽�！薄拔颐靼�。”
③You see,鶬 didn't even understand your explanation.
你看，我連你的解釋都聽不懂。
4．travel,trip,tour,journey,voyage與outing的用法區(qū)別
1)travel 通常泛指“旅行”，詞義廣泛，可以指長期、短期的，不論何種目的，不論使用何種交通工具的旅行，尤指長途的海外旅行。在表示抽象意義的“旅行”時也要使用travel。travels用來表示“包括訪問幾個地方的一次長時間的旅行、國外旅行”，也用來表示“旅行筆記”。
①He is traveling in Africa. 他在非洲旅行。
②He is fond of travel. 他喜歡旅行。
③Travel is valuable because it gives us a knowledge of foreign peoples.
旅行很有價值，因為它使我們了解外國各民族的情況。
④He has just returned from his travels.他旅行剛回來。
⑤ He wrote a book about his travels. 他寫了本游記。
2)trip通常指短期的短程的旅行，尤指暫時到外地辦理業(yè)務上的事情。
①Mother took me downtown on a shopping trip.母親帶我進城到商店逛了逛。
②We had a trip to the coast last Saturday.上周六我們到海邊旅行去了。
③He went on a business trip yesterday.昨天他出差了。
3)tour的意思是“周游、巡視”，常帶有根據(jù)一定的路線，事先預定了一些逗留地點，最后仍回到出發(fā)地。
①He is planning a tour of the world. 他計劃周游世界。
②He visited the countries on good-will tours.他對一些國家進行了友好訪問。
4)journey 表示“旅行，旅程”，適用范圍廣，多指陸上旅行。不用于指距離很短的旅行。
①He is away on a journey. 他出門旅行去了。
②It's a long journey from here to the city.從這兒到那個城市路途遙遠。
③Wish you a good journey.祝你一路平安。
5)voyage多指“乘船作海上旅行”。
①we had a good voyage. 我作了一次美妙的航行。
②He made a voyage to America. 他航行去美國。
6)outing表示“出游，戶外活動”。
①We went on an outing yesterday. 昨天我們去遠足。
②They went to go on an outing to seaside. 他們想到海濱玩玩。
5．recognize的用法
recognize['rek+gnaiz] vt. 認出；辨認；承認；意識到。例如：
①Can you recognize his voice over the phone.你能在電話里聽出他的聲音來嗎？
③He recognized me at once when we met yesterday.
當我們昨天見面時，他立刻便認出我來了。
③They don't recognize him as their student.他們不承認他是他們的學生。
④They all recognize that Taiwan belongs to China.他們都承認臺灣屬于中國。
⑤I didn't recognized that he was right until he explained it again.
直到他再解釋后，我才意識到他是對的。
重要詞組短語
1．carry out意為“從事；進行”。例如：
①We have carried out our chemical experiment successfully.
我們成功地進行了化學實驗。
②They were carrying out an experiment in the lab when I got there.
當我到達那兒時，他們正在實驗室做實驗。
③In that country,鷗he people were not willing to carry out the instructions of the authorities. 在那個國家，人們不愿意執(zhí)行當局的命令。
④We'd better carry out more tests on animals at first.
我們最好先在動物身上多做些實驗。
2．instead與instead of的用法區(qū)別
1)instead為副詞，表示“頂替，作為替代”，其字面意思常不譯出，而是采用其他靈活方式。多用于句末，也可用于句首。
①I had expected him to say“No”,鷅ut he said“Yes”instead.
我原以為他不會同意，沒想到他居然同意了。
②If Harry is not well enough to go with you,鷗ake me instead.
如果Harry不舒服不能跟你去，帶我去吧。
②He never studies,鷌nstead,鷋e plays tennis all day.
他從不學習，而是整天打網球。
2)instead of是個短語介詞，表示“代替，頂替，而不是……”。
①Instead of the dictinary we wanted,he brought us the wrong one.
我們想要的那本字典他沒有帶來，卻帶來了一本我們不要的。
③As he was ill,鶬 went to the meeting instead of him.
因為他病了，我替他去開會。
③You should encourage them instead of throwing cold water on them.
你應當鼓勵他們而不該向他們潑冷水。
④You must make up your mind instead of our making our minds for you.
你應該自己下決心而不是我們替你下決心。
④We'll have tea in the garden instead of in the house.
我們將在花園里喝茶，不在屋里。
3．out of work意為“失業(yè)”。out of意為“在…之外”，“向…外”；其反義詞為into或in。例如：
①The little boy ran out of the room.
那個小男孩跑出了房間。
②He took my books out of my schoolbag.
他把我的書從我書包里拿出來。
③Don't run into the room. 不要往房間里跑。
④Can you put your raincoat in your pocket?
你的口袋能放下雨衣嗎？
⑤They are out of work now. 他們現(xiàn)在失業(yè)了。
【注意】常見的“out of+名詞”構成的短語很多。例如：
out of job 失業(yè)鷒ut of breath 氣喘吁吁
out of control 失去控制鷒ut of order 亂套了，出毛病了
out of practice 荒疏了鷒ut of patience 不耐煩了
out of repair 無法修了 Out of sight,
out of mind. 眼不見，心不念。
4．talk of,鷗alk about與talk on的用法區(qū)別
talk后的介詞不同，表示“談及”的程度也不同。of只表示“涉及”；about表示談到細節(jié)；on兼有議論。
①They talked of the film The Wasted Time.
他們談到了電影《蹉跎歲月》。
(談到此電影或僅涉及片名)
②They are talking about the film. 他們在談論這部電影。
(指涉及故事情節(jié)，具體內容)
③They are talking on the film. 他們在談論這部電影。
(不僅涉及內容、情節(jié)，還作出了些評論)
5．play a…part in 起…作用
①Diet plays an important part in the treatment.
飲食在治療中起重要作用。
②He played an important part in the matter.
他在這件事上起了重要作用。
play a part還可解釋為“扮演…角色”。如：
①He played the part of Hamlet.他扮演哈姆雷特這個角色。
②What part did he play? 他扮演什么角色？
part of是“…的一部分”之意，part前如無形容詞修飾，通常不加限定詞。如：
①Here we are all part of one big family.
在這兒我們是整個大家庭的一部分。
②Parts of the book are interesting. 這本書有些部分很有趣。
part of后可接復數(shù)名詞，也可接不可數(shù)名詞。跟復數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；跟不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
①Part of his books are gone. 他的一部分書籍已丟失。
②The greater part of what you heard is not true.
你所聽到的大部分都是不確實的。
6．as well as的用法
as well as意為“除…外”、“同”、“和”、“并”、“也”，與not only相似，在句子中，它強調的是其前面的內容，請體會下列句子的含義。
①He gave me money as well as advice.
他除了給我忠告外，還給我錢。
②We shall travel by night as well as by day.
我們將日夜趕路。
③He has got a car as well as a motorbike.
他不但有一輛摩托車，而且有一輛汽車。
④She's clever as well as beautiful.她不但漂亮，而且聰明。
as well as與動詞連用時，該動詞應變成動名詞形式。如：
①She's got a cleaning job at night,鷄s well as working during the day.
她不但白天工作，晚上還當清潔工。
②As well as breaking his leg,he hurt his arm.
他不但摔斷了腿，而且還傷了胳膊。
③She sings as well as playing the violin.
她不但會拉小提琴，而且會唱歌。
④The young man speaks French as well as speaking English.
這年輕人不但會講英語，而且會講法語。
【注】as well as后接動名詞短語，意為“不但…而且…”，若后接從句，則是比較級，兩者不可混淆，請看下列例句：
①She sings as well as she plays.她彈得好，唱得也好。
②He speaks French as well as(he speaks)English.
他英語和法語講得一樣好。
as well用于句末的時候，意思與also和too相近，其中as well和too通常用于句末。解釋為“也”。如：
①She is not only good at maths,she is good at English as well.
她不但數(shù)學好，英語也好。
②He can not only drive motorbike,he can drive bus as well.
他不但會開摩托車，還會開汽車。
③He was in Paris last winter,too.去年冬天他也在巴黎。
④Mary's sister teaches English,too.瑪麗的姐姐也教英語。
too除了放在句末外，也可以緊接在主語之后，這樣比較正式。
①I,too,know how to work out the maths problem.
我也知道怎樣解這個數(shù)學難題。
②Sally,too,plays the piano.莎莉也會彈鋼琴。
常用句型結構
1．But some people don't want good farmland to be built on.
1)本句實際意義為：
Some people don't want us to build the factory on good agricultural land.
有些人不想讓我們把工廠蓋在良田上。
2)to be built on是動詞不定式的被動式，在句中作賓語land的補足語，當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的承受者時，該不定式常用被動式。如：
①I wanted the letter(to be)typed at once.
我要把這封信馬上打好(不是自己打)。
②He didn't expect the book to be so well received.
他沒想到這本書會這樣受歡迎。
本句話由于結構和意義上的需要，在to be built后還必得有介詞on,因為意義上是on good agricultural land而不是built good agricultural land.
類似例句如：
①He didn't like his plan to be laughed at.他不喜歡自己的計劃受到嘲笑。(laugh at his plan)
②I'd like the talk to be listened to.
我想(讓大伙)聽一下這個報告。(listen to the talk)
③I don't want the new pen to be written with.
我不想讓這支新鋼筆(被人)用來寫字。
(to write with the new pen)
2．與speak有關的一些獨立結構
1)副詞+speaking在句子中常充當獨立成分，用逗號隔開。
①Broadly speaking,鷄djectives are words that qualify nouns.
概括地說，形容詞是修飾名詞的一類詞。
②Generally speaking,I think you're right.
一般說來，我認為你是對的。
②I think,鷓ersonally speaking,鷌t's a good idea.
就個人而言，我認為這是個好主意。
2)“to speak+副詞”結構，也可以作句子的獨立成分。
①To speak frankly,鶬 don't like the idea at all.
老實說，我一點兒也不贊成這個主意。
②To speak generally,youths of eighteen are too young for such work.
一般說來,18歲的青年干這種工作還太年輕。
3)speaking of+名詞，表示“說起來“，作用是把你想要說的話與已說過的話連起來。
①Speaking of time,David is probably waiting for us in the lobby.
說起時間，David說不定正在大廳等我們呢。
②Speaking of money,I need to go to the bank.
說到錢，我得去銀行。
4)so to speak意思是“可以說，可謂”，有時含夸張意義。
①I'll take the opportunity to ride about the streets to rub shoulders with the local people,鷖o to speak.
我要借這個機會去街上轉轉，也可以說是去和當?shù)厝私煌幌隆?/p>
②He is a wise fool,so to speak.他可以說是個聰明的傻子。
③When the old man comes home in a temper,鷋e turns the whole house upside down,so to speak.
老人鬧著脾氣回家時，好像要把整個房子翻過來。
3．表示可能性的方法
1)表示可能，可以用likely。常用結構(1)主語+be+likely+動詞不定式；(2)It is+likely+that從句。
①He is likely to accept our help.他可能會接受我們的幫助。
②It is quite likely that a decision will be made before the end of the year.
年底前很可能會作出決定。
2)表示可能還可用possible,鷓robable. 常用于“It is possible/probable that…”結構。
①It is possible that he went there. 他可能去過那里。
②It is probable that he forgot. 很可能他忘記了。
3)情態(tài)動詞may和might可表示可能性。
①He may come or he may not.他可能來，也可能不來。
②He might come,鷅ut it is very unlikely.
他也許會來，但可能性不大。
4)副詞Maybe和perhaps可以表示可能性。
①Maybe it is true. 那也許是真的。
②Perhaps I'll see him tomorrow,but I'm not sure.
也許明天我會見他，不過我不能肯定。
4．What do you think is likely to happen?
你認為可能會發(fā)生什么事情？
此句中do you think是一個插入句。請注意位于疑問詞后的插入句，這種插入句本身前后無逗號，和整個句子連成一體，插入句后的主句主謂用陳述句的語序。如果整個句子為疑問句，則插入句用一般疑問句的語序。在這種句子中如果我們把插入句移到句子前部去，它就會成為主要成分，而原來句子的主要部分會變成一個從句。如：
①How long did she say she would stay here?
她說她要在這里等多久？
②When do you suppose they will be back?
你認為他們會什么時候回來？
③What do you think I should do first?
你認為我應先做什么呢？
④Who do you hope will come here?你希望誰來這里？
⑤Where did he suggest we should spend our holiday?
他建議我們到哪兒度假？
⑥What performance do you think we should give at the party?
你看我們在晚會上應表演什么節(jié)目？
⑦How do you suppose I am to answer the letter?
你認為我怎樣答復這封信呢？
上述句子，因為是疑問句，故插入句用疑問句的形式。若整個句子不是疑問句，插入句應采用陳述句語序。如：
①That will be a good beginning,鶬 hope.
希望這是一個良好的開端。
②This is all we have left,鷜ou see.我們就剩這些了，你瞧。
③The soldier who they supposed was dead came back.
他們曾猜想那個戰(zhàn)士已經死了，而他卻回來了。
另外有一類插入語，對整個一句話進行解釋，它可以由不定式、分詞短語、介詞短語或從句擔任。如：
①To tell you the truth,I don't like the film.
說真的，我不喜歡那部電影。(不定式作插入語)
②Judging from your accent,you must be from Shanghai.
從口音上聽你準是上海人。(現(xiàn)在分詞作插入語)
③This,鷌n my opinion,is a very important question.
在我看來，這是個很重要的問題。(介詞短語作插入語)
④Luckily for him,鷋is stepmother was kind to him.
幸運的是，他繼母對他很好。(副詞作插入語)
⑤Sure enough,Tom made the same mistake again in his composition.
果然，湯姆在作文中又犯了同樣的錯誤。(形容詞短語作插入語)
⑥You are not quite fit for the job,if I may say so.
如果我可以這樣說的話，你做這工作并不合適。(從句作插入語)
例句⑥中的插入語類似一個條件狀語從句，所不同的是與句子關系不密切，拿掉之后句子照樣完整，它不修飾哪一個詞，而是對主句所表達的內容作補充說明或表示看法。故有人稱之為狀語從句。