英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和分析

　　導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：了解英語(yǔ)句子的成分,掌握英語(yǔ)句子的結(jié)構(gòu),是英語(yǔ)閱讀和寫(xiě)作的必備基礎(chǔ),不但有助于正確理解英語(yǔ)句子的意思,而且也是寫(xiě)出正確英語(yǔ)句子的前提。小編在此整理了英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和分析，供大家參考和學(xué)習(xí)。首先，我們要知道的是句子成分的定義、句子的成分都有哪一些，隨后再是它們與句子結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系

　　定義 ：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;

　　主要成分：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)

　　次要成分：表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)

　　㈠主語(yǔ)(subject)

　　句子說(shuō)明的人或事物

　　Jane is good at playing the piano.(名詞)

　　She went out in a hurry.(代詞)

　　Four plus four is eight.(數(shù)詞)

　　To see is to believe.(不定式)

　　Smoking is bad for health.(動(dòng)名詞)

　　The young should respect the old.(名詞化的形容詞)

　　What he has said is true. (句子)

　　㈡謂語(yǔ)

　　說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征

　　簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成

　　I saw the flag on the top of the hill?

　　He looked after two orphans.

　　復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞;

　　He can speak English well.

　　She doesn’t seem to like dancing.

　　(三)賓語(yǔ)

　　動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者——及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)

　　Show your passport, please. (名詞)

　　She didn't say anything. (代詞)

　　How many do you want? - I want two. (數(shù)詞)

　　They sent the injured to hospital. (名詞化的形容詞)

　　They asked to see my passport. (不定式)

　　I enjoy working with you. (動(dòng)名詞)

　　Did you write down what he said? (句子)

　　賓語(yǔ)分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ).直接賓語(yǔ)指物或事,間接賓語(yǔ)指人或動(dòng)物.

　　(四)連系動(dòng)詞,其后面的成分叫作表語(yǔ)。

　　The war was over.

　　They seem to know the truth.

　　Time is precious.

　　I’m not quite myself today.

　　That remains a puzzle.

　　I don’t feel at ease.

　　常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有be 動(dòng)詞,還有g(shù)et ,become, turn, grow 等表 “變得”的詞, 和感觀(guān)動(dòng)詞sound, look, smel,taste,feel等。

　　(五)定語(yǔ)

　　修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句

　　He is a clever boy.(形容詞)

　　His father works in a steel work.(名詞)

　　There are 54 students in our class.(數(shù)詞)

　　Do you known betty’s sister?(名詞所有格)

　　He bought some sleeping pills.(動(dòng)名詞)

　　There is a sleeping baby in bed.(現(xiàn)在分詞)

　　His spoken language is good.(過(guò)去分詞)

　　定語(yǔ)后置：

　　如果定語(yǔ)是由一個(gè)單詞表示時(shí)，通常要前置。而由一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)句子表示時(shí)，通常則后置

　　The girl in red is his sister.

　　We have a lot of work to do.

　　The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.

　　Do you know the man who spoke just now?

　　(六)狀語(yǔ)

　　狀語(yǔ)的功用：狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。

　　I will be back in a while.

　　They are playing on the playground.

　　He was late because he got up late.

　　He got up so late that I missed the train.

　　I waited to see you.

　　He often went to school by bus.

　　His parents died, leaving him an orphan.

　　Please call me if it is necessary.

　　This book is very interesting.

　　He went to school in spite of his illness.

　　(七)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

　　有些及物動(dòng)詞除了有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的身份和狀態(tài)以補(bǔ)充其意義不足，使句子的意義完整。這類(lèi)常用的及物動(dòng)詞有 ：

　　make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.

　　I found the book interesting.

　　Do you smell something burning?

　　He made himself known to them.

　　She asked me to lend her a hand.

　　賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：和賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間存在內(nèi)在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

　　(八)同位語(yǔ)

　　位于名詞或代詞后面，說(shuō)明它們的性質(zhì)和情況

　　We young people should respect the old.(名詞)

　　He himself will do the experiment.(代詞)

　　He is the oldest among them four.(數(shù)詞)

　　He told me the news that our team won the game.(從句)

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