八年級(jí)英語unit7課件
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八年級(jí)英語unit7課件:Past and present
一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容:
Unit 1 Past and present Graar
二. 教學(xué)目標(biāo):
掌握Unit1的語法: Present perfect tense 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法
三. 教學(xué)過程
(一)基本概念
1、定義
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
2、構(gòu)成: have (has) +過去分詞。規(guī)律變化的過去分詞與過去式的變化一樣,在動(dòng)詞詞尾加ed; 不規(guī)律變化的過去分詞見不規(guī)律動(dòng)詞表,需要同學(xué)們記憶。
3、句型:
現(xiàn)以see the fil為例將現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句,否定句和疑問句列表如下:
肯定句:I/u/We/The have seen the fil. He/She /It has seen the fil.
否定句:I/u/We/The have nt/ haven’t seen the fil.
He/ She/It has nt/hasn’t seen the fil.
疑問句:Have I/u/the seen the fil? es, u/ we/I/the have. N, u/ we/I/the haven’t.
Has he/she/it seen the fil? es, he/ she/ it has. N, he/ she/ it hasn’t.
。ǘ┯梅ǎ含F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)既涉及過去,又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在。
用法一:表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常與ust(剛剛),alread(已經(jīng)),never(從來沒有),ever(曾經(jīng)),befre(以前),et(仍然),nce(一次),twice(兩次),an ties(很多次),hw an ties(多少次),s far(迄今為止),during the past(last)three ears(最近三年來)等連用。
※ 副詞的位置:①ust常用于肯定句中,放在have / has后,He has ust ce .
、趎ever表示否定, 放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall.
、踖ver用于疑問句中,句型為: Have / Has+主語+ever +過去分詞?“……曾經(jīng)……過嗎?”用于詢問某人過去的經(jīng)歷。Have u ever been t the far?
、躡efre用于句末,The wan has never heard f that befre.
、輊t 用于句末或nt 之后. Has the train arrived et? N, nt et.
、轪lread用于肯定句, have / has 之后或句末.We have alread finished it.
⑦s far用于句首或句末. S far, we have visited the n.
用法二:表示過去已經(jīng)開始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語有:
。ㄈ┈F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(fr,since,hw lng, all ne’s life)連用的動(dòng)詞必須是表示延續(xù)的情況或動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞,即延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如:be,have,nw,live,wr,stud,learn,teach,eep,spea,tal,draw,wait,wear,wal,sleep,drive,write,d,clean等。
I have been a teacher fr nearl 20 ears. Hw lng has he lived here?
。ㄋ模┭永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可和包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的(到說話時(shí)仍未結(jié)束)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如this rning,tda,this wee,these das
He has been t Beiing three ties this ear.
He has written tw letters this rning.(說話時(shí)間在上午)
He wrte tw letters this rning.(說話時(shí)間在下午或晚上)
。ㄎ澹┯⒄Z中還有一些動(dòng)詞的意義決定它們所表示的動(dòng)作不能延續(xù),只是一瞬間
就結(jié)束的'動(dòng)作,這類動(dòng)詞叫做“非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞”,常見的有:ce,g,arrive,reach,see,hear,clse,pen,leave,begin,start,lse,bu,fall,in,die,get up,bece,brrw,lend,find,finish,receive等。這些動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),說明某個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果還存在,但不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(hw lng,fr,since)連用。
He has ce bac.(√)
He has ce bac fr tw hurs.(×)
※ 但在否定句中,非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也可用表示一段時(shí)間的狀語來修飾,如
I haven’t heard fr father fr a lng tie.
We haven’t seen hi since 1999.
。┊(dāng)終止性動(dòng)詞(非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(hw lng,since,fr,all ne’s life)相矛盾時(shí),改正病句的方法有如下幾種:
。1)用副詞ag把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子改為過去時(shí).
He has ce bac fr tw wees.(F)
改為: He cae bac tw wees ag.(T)
I have lst bie fr ten das. (F)
改為: I lst bie ten das ag. (T)
。2)用“It is / has been+時(shí)間+since+過去時(shí)態(tài)”句型來改寫。
He has ined the League fr 3 ears. (F)
It is 3 ears since he ined the League.(T)
I have bught the b fr 5 das. (F)
It is 5 das since I bught the b. (T)
He has died fr 20 ears. (F)
It is 20 ears since he died. (T)
。3)用“時(shí)間+has passed+since+過去時(shí)態(tài)”句型來改寫。
He has left he fr 20 ears.
改為: Twent ears has passed since he left he.
He has lst his pen fr 2 das.
改為: Tw das has passed since he lst his pen.
。4)用系表關(guān)系來改寫.
He has died fr 20 ears.
改為: He has been dead fr 20 ears.
The factr has pened since 1999.
改為: The factr has been pen since 1999.
Hw lng has he left?
改為: Hw lng has he been awa?
。5)用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替代非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
He has bught the b fr tw wees.
改為: He has had the b fr tw wees.
常見的相應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換形式如下:
brrw / lend→eep, bu→have, finish / end→be ver, arrive /ce / g / ve / reach /get t→be in /at / be here /be there, begin / start→be n , pen→be pen , clse→be clsed, die→be dead , leave→be awa(fr), g t schl→be in schl / be a student, get up→be up, fall asleep→be asleep , fall ill→be ill, get t nw→nw, lse→be lst, bece→be, return / ce bac / get bac→be bac, in→be in / be a…eber, in the ar→be in the ar /be a sldier, receive / get a letter→have a letter , catch / get a cld→have a cld, begin t stud→stud
他參軍已有三年。
He has ined the ar fr three ears.(F)
改為:
He has been in the ar fr three ears / since three ears ag.
He has been a sldier fr three ears / since three ears ag.
He ined the ar three ears ag.
It is three ears since he ined the ar.
Three ears has passed since he ined the ar.
(1)He cae t ur village tw ears ag.=He ur village since tw ears ag.
。2)He left he three das ag. =He he fr 3 das.
。3)I bught the watch 2 wees ag. =I the watch since 2 wees ag.
。4)It is 5 das since I brrwed the b. =I the b fr 5 das.
(5)The fil has begun. = The fil fr half an hur.
。6)I gt t nw hi 10 ears ag. =I hi fr 10 ears.
。7)There is a factr. =There a factr fr 20 ears.
。8)Our schl pened in 1960. =Our schl since 1960.
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