- 相關(guān)推薦
英語(yǔ)真題閱讀理解試題及解析
在學(xué)習(xí)、工作生活中，我們經(jīng)常跟試題打交道，借助試題可以更好地對(duì)被考核者的知識(shí)才能進(jìn)行考察測(cè)驗(yàn)。什么樣的試題才能有效幫助到我們呢？下面是小編精心整理的英語(yǔ)真題閱讀理解試題及解析，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
英語(yǔ)真題閱讀理解試題及解析 1
Passage 1
In todays fast-paced digital age, the concept of privacy has taken on a whole new meaning. With the increasing use of social media and the widespread collection of personal data by various entities, individuals are becoming more concerned about protecting their privacy.
However, the battle for privacy is not an easy one. Many companies and organizations argue that the collection and analysis of personal data are necessary for providing better services and targeted advertising. On the other hand, privacy advocates stress the importance of safeguarding personal information and limiting the access of third parties.
One of the main challenges in protecting privacy is the lack of clear regulations and guidelines. While some countries have implemented strict privacy laws, others are still lagging behind. This inconsistency makes it difficult for individuals to know exactly what their rights are and how to protect themselves.
Another issue is the complexity of technology. As new technologies emerge, it becomes harder to understand how personal data is being collected, stored, and used. This lack of transparency can lead to a sense of uneasiness among users.
Despite these challenges, there are steps that individuals can take to protect their privacy. One of the most important is to be aware of the privacy settings on social media platforms and other online services. By adjusting these settings, users can limit the amount of personal information that is visible to others.
In addition, individuals should be cautious about sharing personal information online. This includes being careful about what they post on social media and only providing necessary information when using online services.
Finally, it is crucial for individuals to stay informed about privacy issues and advocate for stronger privacy protections. By speaking out and demanding change, we can help shape a future where privacy is respected and protected.
Questions:
1. What is the main concern of individuals in the digital age?
A. The speed of technology.
B. The convenience of social media.
C. The protection of privacy.
D. The quality of services.
2. Why do companies and organizations collect personal data?
A. To provide better services and targeted advertising.
B. To violate peoples privacy.
C. To sell personal information.
D. To compete with other companies.
3. What is one of the main challenges in protecting privacy?
A. The high cost of privacy protection.
B. The lack of clear regulations and guidelines.
C. The complexity of peoples lives.
D. The slow development of technology.
4. What can individuals do to protect their privacy?
A. Share as much personal information as possible.
B. Ignore the privacy settings on social media.
C. Be aware of privacy settings and be cautious about sharing personal information.
D. Refuse to use any online services.
Answers and Explanations:
1. C. The passage mentions that in todays digital age, individuals are becoming more concerned about protecting their privacy.
2. A. The text states that many companies and organizations argue that collecting personal data is necessary for providing better services and targeted advertising.
3. B. One of the main challenges in protecting privacy is the lack of clear regulations and guidelines.
4. C. The passage suggests that individuals can protect their privacy by being aware of the privacy settings on social media platforms and other online services and being cautious about sharing personal information online.
英語(yǔ)真題閱讀理解試題及解析 2
閱讀理解試題
Passage One
In todays digital age, the way we consume news has undergone a significant transformation. With the rise of social media and online platforms, people have access to a vast amount of information at their fingertips. However, this also brings challenges.
One of the main issues is the spread of misinformation. False news stories can quickly go viral, causing confusion and even having a negative impact on society. To combat this, many news organizations are taking steps to ensure the accuracy of their reporting.
Another aspect to consider is the role of algorithms in shaping our news feeds. These algorithms are designed to show us content that is likely to interest us, but they can also create echo chambers, where we are only exposed to views that align with our own.
Questions:
1. What has caused the transformation in the way we consume news?
A. The decline of traditional media.
B. The rise of social media and online platforms.
C. The lack of reliable news sources.
D. The increase in misinformation.
2. What is one of the main challenges brought by the new way of consuming news?
A. Limited access to information.
B. Difficulty in distinguishing true and false news.
C. The slow spread of news.
D. The dominance of traditional news organizations.
3. What are algorithms designed to do?
A. Spread misinformation.
B. Create echo chambers.
C. Show content that interests us.
D. Suppress diverse views.
Passage Two
Environmental protection has become a global concern. As the worlds population continues to grow and industrialization expands, the pressure on the environment is increasing.
One of the key areas of focus is reducing carbon emissions. Many countries are implementing policies to encourage the use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. Additionally, efforts are being made to improve energy efficiency in buildings and transportation.
Another important aspect is waste management. With the growing amount of waste generated, finding sustainable solutions for disposal and recycling is crucial.
Questions:
1. Why has environmental protection become a global concern?
A. Due to the decline in population.
B. Because of the slowdown of industrialization.
C. As the pressure on the environment increases.
D. Since renewable energy sources are not available.
2. What are many countries doing to reduce carbon emissions?
A. Discouraging the use of renewable energy.
B. Implementing policies to encourage renewable energy.
C. Ignoring energy efficiency in buildings.
D. Focusing only on transportation.
3. What is crucial in waste management?
A. Generating more waste.
B. Disposing waste unsustainably.
C. Finding sustainable solutions for disposal and recycling.
D. Avoiding any efforts in waste management.
答案解析
Passage One
1. B. The rise of social media and online platforms has caused the transformation in the way we consume news. The passage mentions that “With the rise of social media and online platforms, people have access to a vast amount of information at their fingertips.”
2. B. One of the main challenges is difficulty in distinguishing true and false news. The spread of misinformation makes it hard to tell what is real and what is false.
3. C. Algorithms are designed to show content that is likely to interest us. As stated in the passage, “These algorithms are designed to show us content that is likely to interest us.”
Passage Two
1. C. Environmental protection has become a global concern as the pressure on the environment is increasing due to population growth and industrialization expansion.
2. B. Many countries are implementing policies to encourage the use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power to reduce carbon emissions.
3. C. Finding sustainable solutions for disposal and recycling is crucial in waste management. With the growing amount of waste, sustainable solutions are needed.
英語(yǔ)真題閱讀理解試題及解析 3
閱讀理解試題
Passage One
Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following passage.
In todays digital age, where information is readily available at our fingertips, the way we learn and access knowledge has undergone a significant transformation. Online learning platforms have emerged as a popular alternative to traditional classroom settings. These platforms offer a wide range of courses, from academic subjects to vocational skills.
One of the major advantages of online learning is its flexibility. Learners can access course materials at any time and from any location, allowing them to fit learning around their busy schedules. Moreover, online courses often provide interactive features such as discussion forums and video lectures, enhancing the learning experience.
However, online learning also has its challenges. The lack of face-to-face interaction can make it difficult for some learners to stay motivated and engaged. Additionally, technical issues such as poor internet connectivity can disrupt the learning process.
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The advantages and challenges of online learning.
B. The transformation of learning in the digital age.
C. The popularity of online learning platforms.
D. The importance of traditional classroom settings.
2. According to the passage, what is one advantage of online learning?
A. It requires less time than traditional learning.
B. It offers face-to-face interaction.
C. It provides flexibility in learning.
D. It is always free of technical issues.
3. What is one challenge of online learning mentioned in the passage?
A. Limited course options.
B. Too much interaction.
C. Lack of face-to-face interaction.
D. High cost.
Passage Two
Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following passage.
The environment is facing numerous challenges due to human activities. Pollution, deforestation, and climate change are some of the major issues that threaten the future of our planet. To address these problems, it is essential that we take immediate action.
One way to reduce pollution is by promoting the use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. These sources are clean and sustainable, and can help reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. Additionally, we can reduce waste by recycling and reusing materials.
Deforestation can be combated by implementing sustainable forestry practices and protecting existing forests. This not only helps preserve biodiversity but also plays a crucial role in regulating the climate.
4. What are some of the major environmental challenges mentioned in the passage?
A. Pollution, deforestation, and overpopulation.
B. Pollution, deforestation, and climate change.
C. Poverty, disease, and war.
D. Natural disasters and terrorism.
5. How can we reduce pollution?
A. By increasing the use of fossil fuels.
B. By promoting the use of renewable energy sources.
C. By building more factories.
D. By ignoring waste.
6. What is the importance of protecting forests?
A. It helps increase deforestation.
B. It provides more land for farming.
C. It preserves biodiversity and regulates the climate.
D. It has no significant importance.
答案解析
Passage One
1. A. The passage discusses both the advantages (flexibility and interactive features) and challenges (lack of face-to-face interaction and technical issues) of online learning.
2. C. The passage states that one of the major advantages of online learning is its flexibility. Learners can access course materials at any time and from any location.
3. C. The lack of face-to-face interaction is mentioned as a challenge of online learning.
Passage Two
4. B. The passage mentions pollution, deforestation, and climate change as major environmental challenges.
5. B. The passage suggests reducing pollution by promoting the use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power.
6. C. Protecting forests helps preserve biodiversity and plays a crucial role in regulating the climate.
英語(yǔ)真題閱讀理解試題及解析 4
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.
Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.
31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that
[A] large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment.
[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared.
[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today.
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones.
32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that
[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.
[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.
[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount.
[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.
33. By saying “these figures are conservative” (Line 1, Paragraph 3), Dr. Worm means that
[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly.
[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded.
[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss.
[D] the data collected so far are out of date..
34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that
[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time.
[B] fisheries should keep the yields below 50% of the biomass.
[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level.
[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation.
35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’
[A] management efficiency.
[B] biomass level.
[C] catch-size limits.
[D] technological application.
名師解析
31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that
提及大型史前動(dòng)物的滅絕是為了說(shuō)明
[A] large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment.
大型動(dòng)物容易受到環(huán)境變化的影響。
[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared.
當(dāng)大型動(dòng)物消失的時(shí)候小型物種存活了下來(lái)。
[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today.
大型海洋動(dòng)物今天面臨相同的威脅。
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones.
成長(zhǎng)緩慢的魚要比成長(zhǎng)快速的魚活得長(zhǎng)。
【答案】 C
【考點(diǎn)】 推斷題。
【分析】 通過(guò)題干關(guān)鍵詞“大型史前動(dòng)物的滅絕”可以定位到第一段。作者提到它們的滅絕是由于人類的捕殺，作者在第一段最后一句提到，“如今類似的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生在海洋中”。因此可以得出結(jié)論，即，作者是為了引用大型史前動(dòng)物的滅絕來(lái)引出海洋物種同樣面臨著由于人類過(guò)度捕撈而滅絕的這個(gè)話題，故正確答案是 [C] 。 [A] 、 [B] 、 [D] 選項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有能夠表達(dá)出作者的這個(gè)意圖，而只是很淺層去分析表象。
32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that
從邁爾斯博士和沃爾姆博士的論文中我們可以推斷出
[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.
一些老漁場(chǎng)里大型捕食類魚種的貯存量已經(jīng)減少了 90% 。
[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.
現(xiàn)在漁場(chǎng)的數(shù)量只有 15 年前數(shù)量的一半。
[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount.
新的漁場(chǎng)中的捕捉數(shù)量是原來(lái)數(shù)量的 20% 。
[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.
新的漁場(chǎng)里大型捕食類魚種的數(shù)目下降比舊的漁場(chǎng)快。
【答案】 A
【考點(diǎn)】 推斷題。
【分析】 根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“ Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper ”可以定位到第二段最后一句，“根據(jù)他們發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上的最新論文，一個(gè)新的漁場(chǎng)在被開發(fā)后的 15 年中大型捕食類魚種的生物量平均減少了 80% 。在有些長(zhǎng)期捕撈的地區(qū)，自那以后，這個(gè)數(shù)量又減少了一半�！北揪涞睦斫怆y點(diǎn)就是“ In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then. ”這句話里面的“ since ”從什么時(shí)間開始計(jì)算，影響本題的解答�！� since ”指的是從 15 年結(jié)束后開始算呢，還是從 15 年的第一年開始算。如果是前者，則答案是 [A] ，因?yàn)樾碌钠骄陆?80% ，然后又下降了一半，這個(gè)意思就是一共下降了 90% ；如果是后者，則得出舊漁場(chǎng)大型捕食類魚種的減少速度低于新漁場(chǎng)，而且只有 50% �！� since ”接時(shí)間，后面必須是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如果“ since ”后面接的不是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)而是時(shí)間段，則從該時(shí)間段結(jié)束的時(shí)候開始算。例句：“ It has been 10 years since I lived in Beijing. ”這句話的意思不是“我在北京十年了”，而是“我離開北京十年了”。因此本題的正確答案是 [A] �！� since ”接的是 15 年結(jié)束后的那個(gè)點(diǎn)；而且這句話里面還有一個(gè)很關(guān)鍵的詞“ again ” ( 再次 ) ，也很明顯說(shuō)明這里指的是“在下降 80% 之后，又再次減少了一半”，即“余下的 20% 又減少了一半，只剩下 10% ”。
33. By saying “ these figures are conservative ” (Line 1, Paragraph 3), Dr worm means that
沃爾姆 博士說(shuō)“ these figures are conservative ” ( 第三段第一行 ) ，他的意思是
[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly. 捕魚的技術(shù)已經(jīng)得到快速提高。
[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded. 捕魚量比實(shí)際記錄的少。
[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss. 海洋生物量已經(jīng)蒙受了更大的損失。
[D] the data collected so far are out of date. 目前收集的數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了。
【答案】 C
【考點(diǎn)】 推斷題。
【分析】 根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“ conservative ”的提示定位到第三段第一句。作者說(shuō)“這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)是保守的，因?yàn)椴遏~的技術(shù)已經(jīng)提高了。衛(wèi)星和聲納定位儀都用上了。這就意味著現(xiàn)在海里有更高比例的海洋生物被捕撈了�，F(xiàn)在和過(guò)去的真正差異可能比通過(guò)捕撈記錄的反映出來(lái)的差異更要糟糕�！苯酉聛�(lái)的一句話的意思是“以前一些抓不住的海洋生物現(xiàn)在都可以抓住了，以前被鯊魚搶走的，現(xiàn)在由于鯊魚都不見了，自然被捕撈的就更多了�！弊髡咄瑫r(shí)提到，“由于以前的捕撈技術(shù)不夠先進(jìn)，所以以前對(duì)海里的生物的總量是低估的�！蹦敲次覀兛梢缘贸鲞@樣的結(jié)論“以前的海洋生物總量比我們當(dāng)時(shí)估計(jì)的要高，而現(xiàn)在只剩下這么一點(diǎn)了”，就是說(shuō)“海洋物種被捕撈的比例遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)我們的記錄”。因此可以得出 [C] 的結(jié)論。 [A] 項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤在于“捕魚的技術(shù)已經(jīng)得到快速的提高”這種提法僅僅是作者文中提到的一個(gè)原因，作者是為了用這個(gè)來(lái)證明有了這樣的科技，更多的海洋生物就被捕撈了，而不是為了說(shuō)明技術(shù)得到提高。 [B] 試圖比較當(dāng)時(shí)的捕撈量與記錄的差別。但是原文說(shuō)的是今天和過(guò)去的真實(shí)差別比那個(gè)記錄反映出來(lái)的差別要嚴(yán)重的多。 [D] 的說(shuō)法是沒(méi)有根據(jù)的。
34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that
邁爾斯博士以及其他一些研究人員堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為
[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time.
人們應(yīng)該尋找一種能夠更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間起作用的基準(zhǔn)。
[B] fisheries should keep the yields below 50% of the biomass.
漁場(chǎng)應(yīng)該將產(chǎn)量保持在生物量的 50% 以下。
[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level.
海洋生物的數(shù)量應(yīng)該恢復(fù)到原來(lái)的水平。
[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation.
人們應(yīng)該根據(jù)變化的形勢(shì)調(diào)整捕魚數(shù)量的基準(zhǔn)。
【答案】 D
【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【分析】 本題提到“ Dr. Myers ”和其他一些研究者的主張，題干中用到了“ hold ”，而其近義詞就是“ argue ”，定位到最后一段第一句�！� Dr. Myers ”和“ Dr. Worm ”堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為“他們的工作是給出準(zhǔn)確的捕撈數(shù)量基準(zhǔn)，它是未來(lái)的管理工作必定要考慮的”，他們相信自己的數(shù)據(jù)支持了目前海洋生物學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)，即“變化的底線”。也就是說(shuō)，“人們應(yīng)該根據(jù)變化的.形勢(shì)調(diào)整捕魚數(shù)量的基準(zhǔn)”，所以正確答案是 [D] 。 [A] 不正確的原因是文章中沒(méi)有提到持續(xù)時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，文章最后一段提到時(shí)間太短指的是調(diào)查研究的跨度年份很短。和基數(shù)沒(méi)有關(guān)系 [B] 不是“ Dr. Myers ”堅(jiān)持的主張，而是理論狀態(tài)下的海洋生物生產(chǎn)。 [C] 與原文的意思也不符合。
35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’
作者看上去主要關(guān)注大多數(shù)漁場(chǎng)的
[A] management efficiency. 經(jīng)營(yíng)效率。
[B] biomass level. 生物量水平。
[C] catch-size limits. 捕撈量的限制。
[D] technological application. 技術(shù)應(yīng)用。
【答案】 B
【考點(diǎn)】 文章主旨題。
【分析】 本題問(wèn)的是作者最關(guān)注的是漁場(chǎng)的哪一個(gè)方面，這個(gè)問(wèn)題實(shí)際上考的是文章的主旨。從前到后，作者一直在提過(guò)度捕撈對(duì)海洋生物量的影響。 [A] 顯然不是本文的重點(diǎn)。 [D] 在文章中只是被作者引用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在的海洋生物被過(guò)度捕撈。 [C] 在文中最后一段有提及，但是顯然不是文章的主題。作者最關(guān)心的是海洋生物量的變化，因此正確答案選 [B] 項(xiàng)。
難句解析 ：
1. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句是一個(gè)并列句，連接詞是“ so ”。前一個(gè)分句中，“ that means ” 后面省略了賓語(yǔ)從句連接詞“ that ”，在這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中，“ a higher proportion of what is in the sea ”是主語(yǔ)，“ is being caught ”是謂語(yǔ)部分。這個(gè)主語(yǔ)里面又包含了一個(gè)由“ what ”引導(dǎo)的從句，做介詞“ of ”的賓語(yǔ)。后一個(gè)分句是一個(gè)比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)是“ the real difference ”，“ the one ”代替“ the difference ”，“ recorded ”是過(guò)去分詞做后置定語(yǔ)。
2. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 這里是兩個(gè)句子。之所以把第一句拿來(lái)一起分析，是因?yàn)檫@句話的理解對(duì)第二句的理解很重要。第一句話中的“ would have been more saturated ”是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的一種，是對(duì)過(guò)去未能發(fā)生的事情的一種假設(shè)。隨后一句，仍然是虛擬語(yǔ)氣。我們來(lái)分析一下這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)�！� since ”指的是原因，即，“當(dāng)時(shí)怎么就沒(méi)有這樣的可以裝誘餌的魚鉤”，其實(shí)際意思是“如果當(dāng)初有這樣的魚鉤，一些海洋生物個(gè)體就不會(huì)被抓不住”。“ leading ”是現(xiàn)在分詞引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。
3. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句的主句是“ The notion is that… ”，“ that ”引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。在這個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句中，“ people have failed to detect the massive changes ”是句子的主謂賓，“ which ”引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，指代“ changes ”�！� because ”引導(dǎo)一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，在表語(yǔ)從句中表示原因。
4. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句的主句是“ that matters ”，“ because ”引導(dǎo)一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。在這個(gè)從句中，“ theory suggests ”是主句，“ suggest ”后面的“ that ”引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。
全文翻譯：
當(dāng)史前人類來(lái)到世界的各個(gè)新區(qū)域時(shí)，一些奇怪的事情也會(huì)發(fā)生在當(dāng)?shù)氐拇笮蛣?dòng)物身上。它們突然就滅絕了，較小的物種存活了下來(lái)。生長(zhǎng)緩慢的大型的動(dòng)物很容易成為獵物，很快被獵殺而滅絕�，F(xiàn)在類似的情形也可能正在海洋中發(fā)生。
人們知道海洋被過(guò)度捕撈這個(gè)事實(shí)已經(jīng)很多年了。邁爾斯博士和沃爾姆博士這樣的研究人員所展示的情況說(shuō)明了變化有多快。他們研究了全世界漁場(chǎng)半個(gè)世紀(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)。他們的方法不是試圖確切估計(jì)在具體某地方的海洋中魚類的量，而是估計(jì)該地區(qū)生物量隨著時(shí)間推移的變化。根據(jù)他們發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上的最新論文，一個(gè)新的漁場(chǎng)在被開發(fā)后的頭 15 年中大型捕食類魚種的生物量平均減少了 80% 。在有些長(zhǎng)期捕撈的地區(qū)這個(gè)數(shù)量隨后又減少了一半。
沃爾姆 博士承認(rèn)這些數(shù)據(jù)是保守的。其中一個(gè)原因是捕魚技術(shù)已經(jīng)得到發(fā)展，今天的船只可以使用衛(wèi)星和聲納定位儀來(lái)尋找獵物，這些在 50 年前都還沒(méi)有。這意味著更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕撈，因此現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去的真正差異可能比捕撈量記錄反映的差異更要糟糕。以前，多鉤長(zhǎng)線本可以抓更多的魚，但是因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有可用來(lái)捕捉它們的帶魚餌的鉤，個(gè)別的魚在當(dāng)時(shí)就沒(méi)有被捉住，這導(dǎo)致了過(guò)去對(duì)魚的貯存量的低估。而且，在用多鉤長(zhǎng)線捕撈的初期，許多魚被鉤住后又被鯊魚奪走。而現(xiàn)在這不再是問(wèn)題，因?yàn)楦浇孽忯~更少了。
邁爾斯博士和沃爾姆博士認(rèn)為他們的工作給出了準(zhǔn)確的捕撈數(shù)量基準(zhǔn)，它是未來(lái)的管理工作必須要考慮在內(nèi)的。他們認(rèn)為這些數(shù)據(jù)支持了現(xiàn)在海洋學(xué)家的一種觀點(diǎn)，即“變化的底線”。這種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為人們沒(méi)有檢測(cè)出海洋中已經(jīng)發(fā)生的巨大變化，因?yàn)樗麄冎换仡櫫诉^(guò)去相當(dāng)短的一段時(shí)期。這有很大的影響，因?yàn)槔碚擄@示，漁場(chǎng)中要獲得最大可持續(xù)產(chǎn)量，目標(biāo)物種的生物量需要維持在原來(lái)水平的約 50% 。但是大部分漁場(chǎng)低于這個(gè)水平，這可不是好的商業(yè)做法。
【英語(yǔ)真題閱讀理解試題及解析】相關(guān)文章：
《岳樺》閱讀理解試題及答案解析10-10
張愛玲《牛》閱讀理解試題及答案解析10-10
高考語(yǔ)文閱讀理解真題06-05
豐子愷《吃瓜子》閱讀理解試題及答案解析06-15
(精華)高考語(yǔ)文閱讀理解真題08-03
初三英語(yǔ)閱讀理解及答案解析06-18
6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試閱讀理解試題及答案解析3410-09
歷年高考真題：語(yǔ)文閱讀理解及答案06-13