1、by+地點(diǎn)名詞,表方位,意為:“在……旁邊”。如:by the lake/river/tree/window/door等。
例句:She searched the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path.她到了山頂,然后停下來在路邊的一塊大石頭上休息。
2、by+時(shí)間名詞,意為:“到……時(shí),在……之前”。如:by now/then/this time/next Friday/the end of等。
例句:By the end of last year,another new gymnasium had been completed.到去年年底,又有一座新體育館峻工了。
3、by+名詞,可用來表方法、方式、手段等。
。1)by+the+可數(shù)的時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、重量等名詞,意為:“按……計(jì)算”。如:by the pound/yard/meter/day/month等。
例句:Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.城市里的女清潔工通常按小時(shí)獲得報(bào)酬。
。2)by+交通工具、交通方式名詞,意為:“通過……,乘……”。如by train/taxi/bus/truck/plane/water/air等。
例句:It takes a long time to go there by train,it`s quicker by bus.乘火車去那兒要花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,公路比較快。
4、by+數(shù)量詞。
(1)表升降、增減的程度。如:by one-fifth/two feet等。
例句:With production up by 60%,the company has had another excellent year.產(chǎn)量上升了百分之六十,這家公司今年的業(yè)績(jī)極好。
(2)表示距離和面積、體積中的尺寸及乘除法中的運(yùn)算。如:by 6 inches/four feet/nine yards/a hair`s breadth等。
例句:The bed is three meters wide by two meters long,and can fit at least four at one time.那張床三米寬,兩米長(zhǎng),一次至少可以睡四個(gè)人。
5、by+身體部位名詞或衣服名詞,表示被抓住身體/衣物的某一部分。如:by the hair/hand/arm/nose/horns/sleeve等。
例句:The policeman caught the thief by the arm.警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。