1.after作連詞使用時(shí),連接兩個(gè)從句。語法結(jié)構(gòu)為“B happened after A happenen"或”After。
A happened,B happened.",它們含義一樣,都是指“A事件首先發(fā)生”,一定要注意第二個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的“,"。
I went to America after I left school.
After I left school,I went to America.我離開學(xué)校后,我去了美國。
He did military service after he went to university.(=He went to university first.)我上完大學(xué)后,我去參軍了。
After he did military service,he went to university.(=He did military service first.)我參軍完后,我去上了大學(xué)。
2.after用作連詞,引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)通常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的含義。如:
I'll telephone you after I arrive.(NOT...after I will arrive.)
我到達(dá)后將打電話給你。
3.after引導(dǎo)的從句,我們習(xí)慣用完成時(shí)態(tài)。一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have+過去式)代替現(xiàn)在時(shí),用過去完成時(shí)(had+過去式)代替過去時(shí)。
I‘ll telephone you after I've arrived我到了后打電話給你。
After I had left school,I went to America.我離開學(xué)校后,我去了美國。
【注】在狀語從句中,用完成時(shí)態(tài)和用其他時(shí)態(tài)并沒用很大區(qū)別,只是我們習(xí)慣用完成時(shí)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)”某件事情在另外一件事情開始時(shí)已經(jīng)完成”。
4.在正式用語中,我們也常用“after+V-ing"結(jié)構(gòu)。
After completing this form,return it to the director's office.完成這份表格后,把它交到行政辦公室。
He wrote his first book after visiting Mongolia.他參觀完蒙古后,寫了他的第一本書。
1. 用作連詞時(shí),它所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來表示將來意義(若強(qiáng)調(diào)完成也可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)),但不能直接使用一般將來時(shí)。如:
請告訴她我買些東西就回來。
誤: Please tell her I’ll come back after I will do some shopping.
正:Please tell her I’ll come back after I do [have done] some shopping.
2. 一般說來,如果在過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)先后發(fā)生了兩個(gè)動作,那么先發(fā)生的動作用過去完成時(shí),后發(fā)生的動作用一般過去時(shí)。但是若用了連詞 after 來連接這兩個(gè)動作,由于 after 本身已說明了兩個(gè)動作的`先后關(guān)系,所以兩者均可用一般過去時(shí)。如:
After he (had) closed the door, he left the house. 關(guān)了門之后,他就離開了家。
3. 有時(shí)以連詞 after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句可以換成一個(gè)以介詞after 引導(dǎo)介詞短語或以連詞 after 引導(dǎo)的分詞短語,而意義不變。如:
He went to bed after he had supper (=after supper). 吃了晚飯之后,他就上床睡覺了。 After she (had) finished (=After having finished / After finishing / Having finished) her work she left theoffice. 她干完活后就離開了辦公室。