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英語專業(yè)八級考試真題試卷（精選4套）
在各個領(lǐng)域，我們會經(jīng)常接觸并使用試卷，試卷是是資格考試中用以檢驗考生有關(guān)知識能力而進行人才篩選的工具。一份好的試卷都是什么樣子的呢？下面是小編精心整理的英語專業(yè)八級考試真題試卷（精選4套），僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。
英語專業(yè)八級考試真題試卷1
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTURE
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture,please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.
You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.
SECTION B INTERVIEW
In this section you will hear TWO interviews. At theendof each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.
Now, listen to the first interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the first interview.
1.A. Comprehensive. B. Disheartening. C. Encouraging. D. Optimistic.
2.A. 200. B. 70. C. 10. D. 500.
3.A. Lack of international funding.
B. Inadequate training of medical personnel.
C. Ineffectiveness of treatment efforts.
D. Insufficient operational efforts on the ground.
4.A. They canstart education programs for local people.
B. They can open up more treatment units.
C. They can provide proper treatment to patients.
D. They canbecome professional.
5.A. Provision of medical facilities.
B. Assessmentfrominternational agencies.
C. Ebola outpacing operational efforts.
D. Effective treatment of Ebola.
Now, listen to the second interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the second interview.
6.A. Interpreting the changesfromdifferent sources.
B. Analyzing changesfromthe Internetfor customers.
C. Using media information to inspire new ideas.
D. Creating thingsfromchanges in behavior, media, etc.
7.A. Knowing previous success stories.
B. Being brave and willing to take a risk.
C. Being sensitive to business data.
D. Being aware of what is interesting.
8.A. Having people take a risk.
B. Aiming at a consumer leek.
C. Using messages to do things.
D. Focusing on data-based ideas.
9.A. Looking for opportunities.
B. Considering a starting point.
C. Establishing the focal point.
D. Examining the future carefully.
10.A. A media agency.
B. An Internet company.
C. A venture capital firm.
D. A behavioral study center.
PART II READING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
PASSAGE ONE
(1) It’s 7 pm on a balmy Saturday night in June, and I have just ordered my first beer in I Cervejaria, a restaurant in Zambujeira do Mar, one of the prettiest villages on Portugal’s south-west coast. The place is empty, but this doesn’t surprise me at all. I have spent two weeks in this area, driving along empty roads, playing with my son on empty beaches, and staying in B&Bs where we are the only guests.
(2) No doubt the restaurant, run by two brothers for the past 28 years, is buzzing in July and August, when Portuguese holidaymakers descendon the Alentejo coast. But for the other 10 months of the year, the trickle of dinerswho come to feast on fantastically fresh seafood reflects the general pace of life in the Alentejo: sleepy, borderingon comatose.
(3) One of the poorest, least-developed, least-populated regions in western Europe, the Alentejo has been dubbed both the Provence and the Tuscany of Portugal. Neither is accurate. Its scenery is not as pretty and, apartfromin the capital Evora, its food isn’t as sophisticated. The charms of this land of wheat fields, cork oak forests, wildflower meadows and tiny white-washed villages, are more subtle than in France or Italy’s poster regions.
(4) To travel here is to step back in time 40 or 50 years. Life rolls along at a treacly pace; there’s an unnerving stillness to the landscape. But that stillnessends abruptly at the Atlantic Ocean, where there is drama in spades. Protected by the South West Alentejo and Costa Vicentina national park, the 100 km of coastlinefromPorto Covo in the Alentejo to Burgau in the Algarve is the most stunning in Europe. And yet few people seem to know about it. Walkers come to admire the viewsfromthe Fisherman’s Way, surfers to ride the best waves in Europe, but day after day we had spectacular beaches to ourselves.
(5) The lack of awareness is partly a matter of accessibility (these beaches are a good two hours’ drivefromeither Faro or Lisbon airports) and partly to do with a lack of beachsideaccommodation. There are some gorgeous, independent guesthouses in this area, but they are hidden in valleys or at theendof dirt tracks.
(6) Our base was a beautiful 600-acre estate of uncultivated land covered in rock-rose, eucalyptus and wild flowers 13km inlandfromZambujeira. Our one-bedroom home, Azenha, was once home to the miller who tended the now-restored watermill next to it. A kilometre awayfromthe main house, pool and restaurant, it is gloriously isolated.
(7) Stepping out of the house in the morning to greet our neighbours – wild horses on one side, donkeys on the other – with nothing but birdsong filling the air, I felt a sense of adventure you normally only get with wild camping.
(8) “When people first arrive, they feel a little anxious wondering what they are going to do the whole time,” Sarah Gredley, the English owner of estate, told me. “But it doesn’t usually take them long to realise that the whole point of being here is to slow down, to enjoy nature.”
(9) We followed her advice, walking down to the stream in search of terrapins and otters, or through clusters of cork oak trees. On some days, we tramped uphill to the windmill, now a romantic house for two, for panoramic views across the estate and beyond.
(10) When we ventured out, we were always drawn back to the coast – the gentle sands and shallow bay of Farol beach. At theendof the day, we would head, sandy-footed, to the nearest restaurant, knowing that at every one there would be acabinetfull of fresh seafood to choosefrom– bass, salmon, lobster, prawns, crabs, goose barnacles, clams … We never ate the same thing twice.
(11) A kilometre or sofromI Cervejaria, on Zambujeira’s idyllic natural harbour is O Sacas, originally built to feed the fishermen but now popular with everyone. After scarfing platefuls of seafood on the terrace, we wandered down to the harbour where two fishermen, in wetsuits, were setting out by boat across the clear turquoise water to collect goose barnacles. Other than them, the place was deserted – just another empty beauty spot where I wondered for the hundredth time that week how this pristine stretch of coast has remained so undiscovered.
11.The first part of Para. 4 refers to the fact that ______.
A.life there is quiet and slow
B.the place is little known
C.the place is least populated
D.there are stunning views
12.“The lack of awareness” in Para. 5 refers to ______.
A.different holidaying preferences
B.difficulty of findingaccommodation
C.little knowledge of the beauty of the beach
D.long distancefromthe airports
13.The author uses “gloriously” in Para. 6 to ______.
A.describe the scenery outside the house
B.show appreciation of the surroundings
C.contrast greenery with isolation
D.praise the region’s unique feature
14.The sentence “We never ate the same thing twice” in Para. 10 reflects the ______ of the seafood there.
A.freshness
B.delicacy
C.taste
D.variety
15.Which of the following themes is repeated in both Paras. 1 and 11?
A.Publicity.
B.Landscape.
C.Seafood.
D.Accommodation.
PASSAGE TWO
(1) I can still remember the faces when I suggested a method of dealing with what most teachers of English considered one of their pet horrors, extended reading. The room was full of tired teachers, and many were quite cynical about the offer to work together to create a new and dynamic approach to the place of stories in the classroom.
(2) They had seenpromises come and go and mere words werent going to convince them, which was a shame as it was mere words that we were principally dealing with. Most teachers were unimpressed by the extended reading challengefromthe Ministry, and their lack of enthusiasm for the rather dry list of suggested tales was passed on to their students and everyone was pleased when that part of the syllabus was over. It was simply a box ticking exercise. We needed to do something more. We needed a very different approach.
(3) That was ten years ago. Now we have a different approach, and it works. Here’s how it happened (or, like most good stories, here are the main parts. You have to fill in some of yourself employing that underused classroom device, the imagination.) We started with three main precepts:
(4) First, it is important to realize that all of us are storytellers, tellers of tales. We all have our own narratives – the real stories such as what happened to us this morning or last night, and the ones we have been told by others and we haven’t experienced personally. We could say that our entire lives are constructed as narratives. As a result we all understand and instinctively feel narrative structure. Binaryopposites – for example, the tension created between good and bad together with the resolution of that tension through the intervention of time, resourcefulness and virtue – is a concept understood by even the youngest children. Professor Kieran Egan, in his seminal book ‘Teaching as Storytelling’ warns us not to ignore this innate skill, for it is a remarkable tool for learning.
(5) We need to understand that writing and reading are two sides of the same coin: an author hasnot completed the task if the book is not read: the creative circle isnot complete without the reader, who will supply their own creative input to the process. Samuel Johnson said: A writer only begins a book. A reader finishes it. In teaching terms, we often forget that reading itself can be a creative process, just as writing is, and we too often relegate it to a means of data collection. We frequently forget to make that distinction when presenting narratives or poetry, and oftenask comprehension questions which relate to factual information – who said what and when, rather than speculating on ‘why’, for example, or examining the context of the action.
(6) The third part of the reasoning that we adopted relates to the need to engage the students as readers in their own right, not as simply as language learners; learning the language is part of the process, not the reason for reading. What they read mustbecome theirs and have its own special and secret life in their heads, a place where teachers can only go if invited.
(7) We quickly found that one of the most important ways of making all the foregoing happen was to engage the creative talents of the class before they read a word of the text. The pre-reading activitiesbecome the most important part of the teaching process; the actual reading part can almost be seen as the cream on the cake, and the principle aim of pre-reading activities is to get students to want to read the text. We developed a series of activities which uses clues or fragmentsfromthe text yet to be read, and which rely on the student’s innate knowledge of narrative, so that they can to build their own stories before they read the key text. They have enough information to generate ideas but not so much that itbecomes simply an exercise in guided writing; releasing a free imagination is the objective.
(8) Movingfrompre-reading to reading, we may introduce textual intervention activities. ‘Textual Intervention’ is a term used by Rob Pope to describe the process of questioning a text not simply as a guideto comprehension but as a way of exploring the context of the story at any one time, and examining points at which the narrative presents choices, points of divergence, or narrative crossroads. We don’t do this for all texts, however, as the shorter ones do not seem to gain muchfromthis process and it simply breaks up the reading pleasure.
(9) Follow-up activities are needed, at the least, to round off the activity, to bring some sense of closure but they also offer an opportunity to link the reading experience more directly to the requirements of the syllabus. Indeed, the story may have been chosen in the first place because the context supports one of the themes that teachers are required to examine as part of the syllabus – for example, ‘families’, ‘science and technology’, ‘communications’, ‘the environment’ and all the other familiar themes. There are very few stories that can’t be explored without some part of the syllabus being supported. For many teachers this is an essential requirement if they are to engage in such extensive reading at all.
(10) The whole process – pre-, while and post reading – could be just an hour’s activity, or it could last for more than one lesson. When we are designing the materials for exploring stories clearly it is isn’t possible for us to know how much time any teacher will have available, which is why we construct the activities into a series of independent units which we call kits. They are called kits because we expect teachers to build their own lessons out of the materials we provide, which implies that large amounts may be discarded. What we do ask, though, is that the pre-reading activities be included, if nothing else. That is essential for the process to engage the student as a creative reader..
(11) One of the purposes of encouraging a creative reading approach in the language classroom is to do with the dynamics we perceive in the classroom. Strategic theorists tell us of the social trinity, whereby three elements are required to achieve a dynamic in any social situation. In the language classroom these might be seen as consisting of the student, the teacher and the language. Certainlyfromthe perspective of the student – and usuallyfromthe perspective of the teacher – the relationship is an unequal one, with the language being perceived as placed closer to the teacher than the student. This will result in less dynamic between language and student than between language and teacher. However, if we replace ‘language’ with narrative and especially if that is approached as a creative process that draws the student in so that they feel they ‘own’ the relationship with the text, then this will shift the dynamic in the classroom so that the student, who has nowbecome a reader, is much closer to the language – or narrative – than previously. This creates a much more effective dynamic of learning. However, some teachers feel threatened by this apparent loss of overall control and mastery. Indeed, the whole business of openended creativity and a lack of boxes to tick for the correct answer is quite unsettling territory for some to find themselves in.
16.It can be inferredfromParas. 1 and 2 that teachers used to ______.
A.oppose strongly the teaching of extended reading
B.be confused over how to teach extended reading
C.be against adopting new methods of teaching
D.teach extended reading in a perfunctory way
17.The sentence “we all understand and instinctively feel narrative structure” in Para. 4 indicates that ______.
A.we are good at telling stories
B.we all like telling stories
C.we are born story-tellers
D.we all like listening to stories
18.Samuel Johnson regards the relationship between a writer and a reader as ______ (Para. 5).
A.independent
B.collaborative
C.contradictory
D.reciprocal
19.In Para. 7, the author sees “pre-reading” as the most important part of reading because _____.
A.it encourages students’ imagination
B.it lays a good foundation for reading
C.it can attract students’ attention
D.it provides clues to the text to be read
20.“Textual Intervention” suggested by Rob Pope (in Para. 8) is expected to fulfill all the following functions EXCEPT ______.
A.exploring the context
B.interpreting ambiguities
C.stretching the imagination
D.examining the structure
PASSAGE THREE
(1) Once again, seething, residual anger has burst forth in an American city. And the riots that overtook Los Angeles were a reminder of what knowledgeable observers have been saying for a quarter century: America will continue paying a high price in civil and ethnic unrest unless thenation commits itself to programs that help the urban poor lead productive and respectable lives.
(2) Once again, a proven program is worth pondering: national service.
(3) Somewhat akin to the military training that generations of American males received in the armed forces, a 1990s version would prepare thousands of unemployable andundereducated young adults for quality lives in our increasingly global and technology-driven economy. National service opportunities would be available to any who needed it and, make no mistake, the problems are now so structural, to intractable, that any solution will require massive federal intervention.
(4) In his much quoted book, “The Truly Disadvantaged,” sociologist William Julius Wilson wrote that “only a major program of economic reform” will prevent the riot-prone urban underclassfrombeing permanently locked out of American economic life. Today, we simply have no choice. The enemy within and among our separate ethnic selves is as daunting as any foreign foe.
(5) Families who are rent apart by welfare dependency, job discrimination and intense feelings of alienation have produces minority teenagers with very little self-discipline and little faith that good grades and the American work ethic will pay off. A military-like environment for them with practical domestic objectives could produce startling results.
(6) Military service has been the most successful career training program we’ve ever known, and American children born in the years since the all-volunteer Army was instituted make up a large proportion of this targeted group. But this opportunity may disappear forever if too many of our military bases are summarily closed and converted or sold to the private sector. The facilities, manpower, traditions, and capacity are already in place.
(7) Don’t dismantle it: rechannel it.
(8) Discipline is a cornerstone of any responsible citizen’s life. I was taught it by my father, who was a policeman. May of the rioters have never had any at all. As an athlete and former Army officer, I know that discipline can be learned. More importantly, it must be learned or it doesn’t take hold.
(9) A precedent for this approach was the Civilian Conservation Corps that worked so well during the Great Depression. My father enlisted in the CCC as a young man with an elementaryschool education and he learned invaluable skills that served him well throughout his life. The key was that a job was waiting for him when he finished. The certainty of that first entry-level position is essential if severely alienated young minority men and women are to keep the faith.
(10) We all know these are difficult times for the public sector, but here’s the chance to add energetic and able manpower to America’s workforce. They could be prepared for the world of work or college – an offer similar to that made to returning GI after Word War II. It would be a chance for 16- to 21-year-olds to live among other cultures, religions, races and in different geographical areas. And these young people could be taught to rallyaround common goals and friendships that evolve out of pride in one’s squad, platoon, company, battalion –or commander.
(11) We saw such images during the Persian Gulf War and during the NACC Final Four basketball games. In military lifeand competitive sports, this camaraderie doesn’t just happen; it is taught and learned in an atmosphere of discipline and earned mutual respect for each other’s capabilities.
(12) A national service program would also helpovercome two damaging perceptions held by America’s disaffected youth: the society just doesn’t care about minority youngsters and that one’s personal best efforts will not be rewarded in our discriminatory job market. Harvard professor Robert Reich’s research has shown that urban social ills are so pervasive that the upper 20 percent of Americans – the “fortunate fifth” as he calls them – have decided quietly to “secede”fromthe bottom four-fifths and the lowest fifth in particular. We cannot accept such estrangement on a permanent basis. And what better way to answer skepticsfromany group than by certifying the technical skills of graduatesfroma national service training program?
(13) Now, we must act decisively to forestall future urban unrest. Republicans must put aside their aversion to funding programs aimed at certain cultural groups. Democrats must forget labels and recognize that a geographically isolated subgroup of Americans – their children in particular – need systematic and substantive assistance for at least another 20 years.
(14) The ethnic taproots of minority Americans are deeply buried in a soil of faith and loyalty to traditional values. With its emphasis on discipline, teamwork, conflict resolution, personal responsibility and marketable skills development, national service can provide both the training and that vital first job that will reconnect these Americans to the rest of us. Let’s do it before the fire next time.
21.According to the author, “national service”is comparable to “military training” because they both cultivate youngsters’ ______.
A.good grades
B.self discipline
C.mutual trust
D.work ethic
22.The author cites the example of his father in order to show ______.
A.the importance of discipline
B.the importanceof education
C.the necessity of having strong faith
D.the effectiveness of the program
23.According to the author, a national service program can bring the following benefits to America’s youngsters EXCEPT ______.
A.increase inincome
B.a sense of responsibility
C.confidence and hope
D.practical work skills
24.According to the context, what does “the fire” refer to (Para. 14)?
A.Discrimination.
B.Anger.
C.Riots.
D.Aversion.
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
PASSAGE ONE
25.What does Para. 2 tell us about the restaurant business on the Alentejo coast throughout the year?
26.According to Para. 5, what are the two main reasons of the Alentejo’s inaccessibility?
PASSAGE TWO
27.What does “It was simply a box ticking exercise” mean in Para. 2?
28.Paras. 4-6 propose three main precepts for the now approach. Please use ONE phrase to summarize each of the three precepts.
29.What does the author suggest to shift the dynamic in the classroom (Para. 11)?
PASSAGE THREE
30.What is the purpose of the program proposed by the author (Paras. 1-3)?
31.What does the word “it” in “Don’t dismantle it: rechannel it.” refer to (Para. 7)?
32.What do Robert Reich’s findings imply (Para. 12)?
PART III LANGUAGE USAGE
The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:
For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at theendof the line.
For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at theendof the line.
For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided at theendof the line.
Example
When∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1)
it never buys things in finished form and hangs (2)
them on the wall. When a natural history museum
wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3)
Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET THREE as instructed.
PART IV TRANSLATION
Translate the underlined part of the following textfromChinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
我小的時候特別盼望過年，往往是一過了臘月，就開始掰著指頭數(shù)日子。對于我們這種焦急的.心態(tài)，大人們總是發(fā)出深沉的感嘆，好像他們不但不喜歡過年，而且還懼怕過年。他們的態(tài)度令當時的我感到失望和困惑，現(xiàn)在我完全能夠理解了。我想長輩們之所以對過年感慨良多，一是因為過年意味著一筆開支，二是飛速流逝的時間對他們構(gòu)成巨大壓力。小孩子可以興奮地說：過了年，我又長大了一歲；而老人們則嘆息：嗨，又老了一歲。過年意味著小孩子正在向自己生命過程中的輝煌時期進步，而對于大人，則意味著正向衰朽的殘年滑落。
PART V WRITING
The following are two excerpts about job hopping. Read the two excerpts carefully and write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 WORDS, in which you should:
1.summarize the main arguments in the two excerpts, and then
2.express your opinion towards job hopping, especially on whether job hopping would benefit your career development.
You can support yourself with informationfromthe excerpts.
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.
Excerpt 1
The Pros of Job Hopping
Until recently, job hopping was considered career suicide. But things have changed. As job longevitybecomes a thing of the past, employers and recruiters are beginning to have a different outlook on job hopping.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average number of years that . workers have been with their current employer is . Tenure of young employees (ages 20 to 34) is only half that years).
As it turns out, job hopping can be extremely advantageous for certain types of people – if they do it for the right reasons, says Laurie Lopez, a partner and senior general manager in the IT Contracts division at WinterWyman. “For those in technology, for example, it allows them the opportunity to gain valuable technical knowledge in different environments and cultures. This can bemore common for those specializing in IT. In order to keep their skills fresh, it is necessary for technologists to remain current in ahighly competitive market. Job hopping ismore common with employees that are less tenured, and feel confident in their skills to be able to move on and can add value immediately in a new opportunity. With employers being more open to hiring job hoppers, we expect the trendto continue.”
Excerpt 2
Job hoppingbecomes more difficult as employers seek solid credentials
Amid a slowdown in the country’s economic growth, the good times for job hoppers mightbe coming to anend, said Angel Lam, associate directorof commerce and finance, human resources, supply chain and operation business of Robert Walters.
Job hoppers are those who frequently change jobs in a two-year span, according to global recruitment consultancy Robert Walters.
Employers started to shun the job hoppers in2012, and the trendbecame more apparent in2013and this year.
“About 90 percent of our clients will simply reject the candidate if they find traces indicating job hopping in the resumes. They wouldn’t even give an interview,” she said.
The usual time span for candidates to change a job should be between four to six years, especially for middle to senior management candidates, as they have to demonstrate progress to their employers over this period of time, according to Lam.
Usually, the candidate will adapt to all the changes in the job in the first year, make some fine tuning in the second year, speed up his or her progress in the third year and start to seek more stable development in the ensuing years. Only in this way can the employee improve adaptability, gain persistence and grasp basic skill sets required for the job, Lam said.
PartⅠ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
1. signing
2. primary
3. literacy
4. differentbut complementary
5. avoiding
6. many other contexts
7. characteristics/features
8. reaction
9. distance
10. emotion
11. deliberate
12. intimacy and immediacy
13. continuum
14. types of language
15. the usage
SECTION B INTERVIEW
1.What is international leaders’ assessment of the current battle against Ebola?
答案：B. Disheartening.
2.How many people are now working in the treatment unit in Liberia?
答案：A. 200.
3.According to Mary, what is the challenge in the battle against Ebola?
答案：Insufficient operational efforts on the ground.
4.Why do health workers need case management protocol training?
答案：They can open up more treatment units.
5.What does this interview mainly talk about?
答案：Ebola outpacing operational efforts.
6.What is Tom’s main role in his new position?
答案：C. Using media information to inspire new ideas.
7.According to Tom, what does innovation require of people?
答案：B. Being brave and willing to take a risk
8.What does Tom see as game-changing chances in the future?
答案：B. Aiming at a consumer level.
9.What does Tom do first to deal with the toughest part of his work?
答案：D. Examining the future carefully.
10.Which of the following might Tom work for?
答案：A. A media agency.
PartⅡ READING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
PASSAGE ONE
11. The first part of Para. 4 refers to the fact that .
答案：life there is quiet and slow
12. “The lack of awareness” in Para. 5 refers to .
答案：［C］little knowledge of the beauty of the beach
13. The author uses “gloriously” in Para. 6 to .
答案：［C］contrast greenery with isolation
14. The sentence “We never ate the same thing twice” in Para. 10 reflects the of the seafood there.
答案：［D］variety
15. Which of the following themes is repeated in both and 11?
答案：［A］Publicity.
PASSAGE TWO
16. It can be inferredfromand 2 that teachers used to .
答案：［D］teach extended reading in a perfunctory way
17. The sentence “we all understand and instinctively feel narrative structure” in indicates that .
答案：［C］we are born story-tellers
18. Samuel Johnson regards the relationship between a writer and a reader as .
答案：［B］collaborative
19. In , the author sees “pre-reading” as the most important part of reading because .
答案：［C］it can attract students’ attention
20. “Textual Intervention” suggested by Rob Pope (in Para. 8) is expected to fulfill all the following functions EXCEPT .
答案：［C］stretching the imagination
PASSAGE THREE
21. According to the author, “national service”is comparable to “military training” because they both cultivate youngsters’ .
答案：［B］self discipline
22. The author cites the example of his father in order to show .
答案：［A］the importance of discipline
23. According to the author, a national service program can bring the following benefits to America’s youngsters EXCEPT .
答案：［A］increase inincome
24. According to the context, what does “the fire” refer to (Para. 14)?
答案：［B］Anger.
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
說明：簡答題答案不唯一，意思對即可。
PASSAGE ONE
25.What does Para. 2 tell us about the restaurant business on the Alentejo coast throughout the year?
答案：Busy in July and August only.
(或者Not busy all the year other than July and August.)
26. According to Para. 5, what are the main reasons of the Alentejo’s inaccessibility?
答案：Farfromairports, and without properaccommodation.
PASSAGE TWO
27. What does “It was simply a box ticking exercise” mean in Para. 2?
答案：Extended reading was taught superficially without creation or enthusiasm.
28. Paras. 4 - 6 propose three main precepts for the new approach. Please use ONE phrase to summarize each of the three precepts.
答案：Teaching as storytelling, reading as creative processes, students as readers.
29. What does the author suggest to shift the dynamic in the classroom (Para. 11)?
答案：Replacing “l(fā)anguage” with narrative approached as an attractive creative process.
PASSAGE THREE
30. What is the purpose of the program proposed by the author (Paras. 1-3)?
答案：To help the urban poor lead quality lives.
31. What does the word “it” in “Don’t dismantle it: rechannel it” refer to (Para. 7) ?
答案：The resource of military bases suitable for national service.
32. What do Robert Reich’s findings imply (Para. 12)?
答案：There is alienation between the rich and the poor.
Part IIILANGUAGE USAGE
1. which→ that
2. thus→ as
3. how→ how
4. ∧the more→ and
5. specially→ especially/particularly
6. dominated→ dominating
7. make→ conduct/offer
8. ∧ability→ the
9. specialized→ specialize
10. manner→ way
Part IV TRANSLATION
參考譯文
The reasons for the elders’ mixed feelings about the New Year, I think, come down to the following two ones. On the one hand, celebrating the New Year means a great expense to them. On the other hand, the fleeting time exerted considerable pressure on them. Kids may say excitedly that they begin another year in their life after the New Year; however, adults may sigh, "Well, Ivebecome one year older!" For the kids, the New Year means that they are making progress in the most brilliant part of their life. On the contrary, for adults, its an indication that they are sliding into their declining years.
Part V WRITING
參考范文
Job Hopping, Yes or No?
It seems that employers are nowadays more open to job hoppers as the former is increasingly aware that job hopping may be conducive to them in thatfresh organizational cultures and values, especially the updated knowledge, are a must for the employees. However, some employers are reluctant to hire those job hoppers on the grounds that the latter needs at least four to six years to demonstrate progress to their employers and therefore, job hoppers who served ina company for less than that duration will do no good to both the present and the next employers. For those who are struggling for something new, they should not feel guilty about job hopping, but the trendof selecting what kind of employees by different businesses has to be pondered before the final decision is made.
The commonly accepted wisdom is that flexibility means adapting well to various circumstances and should be highly valued. In particular, venturing in new settings is not detrimental to personal characters in one’s early life. Job hopping will broaden one’s experience, escalate one’s knowledge and enrich one’s life. Additionally, job hopping may inspire smart decisions in choosing ideal jobs in the future. Apartfroma few who are definite towards their career life at a younger age, most young adults, especially those who have just stepped out of the ivory tower, are still not quite clear about their future. Job hopping will without doubt help new graduates find their true self and the direction of their careers. Furthermore, those loyal employees do have strengths suchas commitment, devotion and credibility to the job, but a higher risk of job burnout, mid-career crisis sabotage or severe career bottleneck are widely observed in workplace which may render stagnancy or even loss tothe company.
There is no question that to switch jobs should be done on the basis that the employee has really acquired skills in his or her present post and needs to further his or her knowledge or values. For those who frequently change jobs within a short period of time because they feel insecure or are sunk in apathy about the job or even problematic with addressing relationships with colleagues, it deserves reflection and the human resources department will for sure spot that out.
英語專業(yè)八級考試真題試卷2
PART ILISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)
SECTIONAMINI-LECTURE
In this section you willhear a mini-lecture .You willhear the lecture ONCE ONL Y. While
listening, take notes on the important points .Your notes will not be marked, but you will need themto complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture ．When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutesto complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap ．Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable ． You may refer to your noteswhile completing the task ． Use the blank sheet for note-taking ．Now, listen to the mini-lecture ．
There are difference between active learning and passive learning.
Characteristics of active learners:
I. reading with purposes
A. before reading: setting goals
B. while reading: (1) ________
AI.(2) ______ and critical in thinking i.e. information processing, e.g.
-- connections between the known and the new information -- identification of (3) ______ concepts
-- judgment on the value of (4) _____.
III. active in listening
A.ways of note-taking: (5) _______.
B.before note-taking: listening and thinking IV. being able to get assistance
A.reason 1:knowing comprehension problems because of (6) ______.
B.Reason 2: being able to predict study difficulties
--active learners: accept
--passive learners: (8) _______
B. attitude toward (9) ______
--active learners: evaluate and change behaviour
--passive learners: no change in approach
Relationship between skill and will: will is more important in (10) ______.
Lack of will leads to difficulty in college learning.
SECTION B NTERVIEW
In this section
you willhear everything
ONCE
ONLY . Listen
carefully
and then answer the
questions that follow ．Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO ． Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview ． At theendof the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions ． Now listen to the interview ．
1． According to the interviewer, which of the following best indicates the relationship between choice and mobility?
A ． Better education→ greater mobility → more choices．
B ． Better education→ more choices → greater mobility ．
C． Greater mobility→better education → more choices．
D ．Greater mobility→ more choices →better education．
2．According to the interview ，which of the following details about the first poll is INCORRECT?
A ． Shorter work hours was least chosen for being most important ．
B ． Chances for advancement might have been favoured by young people ．
C． Highincome failedto come on top for being most important．
D ．Job security came second according to the poll results ．
3． According to the interviewee ， which is the main difference between the first and the second poll?
A ． The type of respondents who were invited ．
B ． The way in which the questions were designed ．
C． The content area of the questions．
D ． The number of poll questions ．
4． What can we learnfromthe respondents ’ answers to items 2， 4 and 7 in the second poll?
A ． Recognitionfromcolleagues should be given less importance ．
B ． Workers are always willing and ready to learn more new skills．
C．Psychological reward is more important than material one ．
D ． Work will have to be made interesting to raise efficiency．
5． Accordingto the interviewee ， which of the followingcan offer both psychologicaland
monetary benefits?
A ． Contact with many people ．B ． Chances for advancement．
C． Appreciationfromcoworkers ．D ． Chances to learn new skills
SECTION CNEWS BROADCAST
In this section you willhear everything ONCE ONLY ． Listen carefullyand then answer the
questions that follow ．Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO ． Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news, At theendof the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions． Now listen to the news ．
6． According to the news item ，“ sleep boxes” are designed to solve the problems of
A ． airports ．B． passengers．C． architects．D ．companies．
7． Which of the following is NOT true with reference to the news?
A ． Sleep boxes can be rented for different lengths of time ．
B ． Renters of normal height can stand up inside ．
C． Bedding can be automatically changed ．
D ． Renters can take a shower inside the box．
Question 8 is based on the following news． At theendof the news item， you will be given 10
seconds to answer the question．Now listen to the news ．
8． What is the news item mainly about?
A ． London ’S preparations for the Notting Hill Carnival．
B ． Main features of the Notting Hill Carnival．
C．Polices preventive measures for the carnival ．
D ．Police participation in the carnival ．
Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news ． At theendof the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions．Now listen to the news ．
9． The news item reports on a research finding about
A ． the Dutch famine and the Dutch women ．
B ． early malnutrition and heart health ．
C． the causes of death during the famine．
D ． nutrition in childhood and adolescence ．
10． When did the research team carry out the study?
A ．At theendof World War II ．
B ． Between 1944 and 1945．
C． In the 1950s．
D ． In2007．
PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)
In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO ． TEXT A
Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or 1etter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters．“ The coffee houses particularly are． very roomy for a free conversation ， and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news，”noted one observer．Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper,
The New York Sun，pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news， thus giving
advertisers access to a wider audience．The penny press，followed by radio and television ，turned newsfroma two-way conversation into a one — way broadcast， with a relatively small number of
firms controlling the media ．
Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house．Theinternetis
making news more participatory ，social and diverse，reviving the discursive characteristics of" the
era before the mass media．That will have profound effects on society and politics．In much of the
world ．the mass media are flourishing ．Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between2005and2009． But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries．
Over the past decade，throughout the Western world ，people have been giving up newspapers and TV news and keeping up with events in profoundly different ways ． Most strikingly, ordinary people are increasingly involvedin compiling ， sharing，filtering ， discussing and distributing news． Twitterlets people anywhere report whatthey are seeing． Classifieddocuments are
published intheirthousands online．Mobile · phone footage of Arab uprisings andAmerican tornadoesisposted onsocial-networkingsitesandshownontelevision newscasts．Social-networking sites help people find， discuss and share news with their friends ．
And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite． Technology firms including Google ， Facebook and Twitter havebecome important conduits of news． Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly viasocial networks ；many countries now make raw data available through “ open government” initiatives ． Theinternetlets people read newspapers or watch television channelsfromaround the world． The web has allowed new providers of news ，fromindividual bloggersto sites ， to rise to prominence in a very short space of time． And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism ， such as that practiced by WikiLeaks ，which
provides an anonymous way forwhistleblowers to publishdocuments． The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets ．
In principle ， every liberalshouldcelebrate this． Amore participatory and social news environment ， with a remarkablediversity and range of news sources， is a good thing ．The transformation of the news business is unstoppable， and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure ．As producers of new journalism ，individuals can be scrupulous with facts and transparent with their sources． As consumers， they can be general in their tastes and demanding in their standards．And although this transformation does raise concerns ，there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse， vociferous ， argumentative and stridently alive environment of the news business in the ages of theinternet． The coffee house is back． Enjoy it ．
11． Accordingto the passage， what initiatedthe transformationofcoffee-house news to
mass-media news?
A ． The emergence of big mass media firms ．
B ． The popularity of radio and television ．
C． The appearance of advertising in newspapers ．
D ． The increasing number of newspaper readers．
12． Which of the followingstatements best supports“ Now, the Hews industry is returning to
something closer to the coffee house”?
ANewspaper circulation rose globally by 6 ％ between2005and2009．
B ．People in the Western world are giving up newspapers and TV news ．
C． Classified documents are published in theirthousands online．
D ． More people are involved in finding， discussing and distributing news ．
13． According to the passage， which is NOT a role played by information technology?
A ． Challenging the traditional media ．
B ．Planning the return to coffee-house news ．
C．Providing people with access to classified files ．
D ．Giving ordinary people the chance to provide news ．
14． The author’ S tone in the last paragraph towards new journalism is
A ． optimistic and cautious ．B． supportive and skeptical ．
C． doubtful and reserved ．D． ambiguous and cautious．
15． In“ The coffee house is back”， coffee house best symbolizes A ． the changing characteristics of news audience ．
B ． the more diversified means of news distribution ．
C． the participatory nature of news ．
D. the more varied sources of news ．
TEXT B
Paris is like pornography ．You respond even if you don ’t want to ．You turn a corner and see a vista，and your imagination bolts away 。Suddenly you are thinking about what it would be like to live in Paris ，and then you think about all the lives you have not lived ．Sometimes，though, when you are lucky, you only think about how many pleasures the day ahead holds． Then, you feel privileged ．
The lobby of the hotel is decorated in red and gold． It gives off a whiff of 1 9m．century
decadence． Probably as much as any hotel in Paris ， this hotel is sexy ． 1 was standing facing the
revolving doors and the driveway beyond． A car with a woman in the back seat— a woman in a
short skirt and black — leather jacket— pulled up before the hotel door ．She swung off and she was
wearinghigh heels． Normally,my mind wouldhave leaped and imagined a story for this
woman ． Now it didnt I stood there and told myself．Cheer up． You’ re in Paris．
In many ways ，Paris is bestvisited in winter ．The tourist crowds are at a minimum ，and one
is not being jammed off the narrow sidewalks along the Rue Dauphine． More than this ． Paris is
like many other European cities in that the season of blockbuster cultural events tends to begin in mid-to late fall and so ， by the time of winter, most of the cultural treasures of the city are laid out to be admired．
The other great reason why Paris in winter is so much better than Paris in spring and fall is that after theendof the August holidays and the return of chic Parisian women to their city, the restaurant-opening season truly begins hopping ．By winter ， many of the new restaurants have worked out their kinks( 不足；困難 )and，once the hype has died down，it is possible to see which restaurants are actually good and which are merely noisy and crowded ．
Most people are about as happy as they set their mind to being， Lincoln said ． In Paris it
doesn’t take much to be happy ．Outside the hotel ，the sky was pale and felt very high up ．I walked
the few blocks to the Seine and began running along the blue-green river toward the Eiffel
Tower．The tower in the distance was black ，and felt strange and beautiful the way that many things built for the joy of building do ．As I ran toward it ，because of its lattice structure, the tower seemed obviously delicate ． Seeing it， I felt a sense of protectiveness．
I think it was this moment of protectiveness that marked the change in my mood and my slowlybecoming thrilled with being in Paris ．
During winter evenings ，Paris’s streetlamps have a halo and resemble dandelions．In winter,
when one leaves the Paris street and enters a caf6 or restaurant， the light and temperature change
suddenly and dramatically, there is the sense of having discovered something secret． In winter,
because the days are short， there is an urgency to the choices one makes ． There is the sense that
life is short and so let us decide on what matters ．
16. Accordingto the passage， once in Paris one might experience all the followingfeelings
EXCEPT
A ． regret．B． condescension．C． expectation．D ． impulse．
17． Winter is the best season to visit Paris． Which of the following does NOT support thisstatement?
A ． Fashionable Parisian women return to Paris ．
B ． More entertainment activities are staged ．
C． There are more good restaurants to choosefrom．
D ． There are fewer tourists in Paris ．
18． "Most people are about as happy as they set their mind to being ．” This statement means that most people
A ． expect to be happy．
B ． hope to be as happy as others．
C． would be happier if they wanted ．
D ． can be happy if they want ．
19． In the eyes of the author, winter in Paris is significant because of
A ． the atmosphere of its evenings．
B ． its implications for life．
C． the contrast it brings ．
D ． the discovery one makes．
20． At theendof the passage, the author found himself in a mood of
A ． excitement．B ．thoughtfulness．
C． loneliness．D． joyfulness ．
TEXT C
If you want to know why Denmark is the worlds leader in wind power, start with a
three-hour car tripfromthe capital Copenhagen --mind the bicyclists --to the small town of Lem
on the far west coast of Jutland ．Youll feel it as you cross the 6.8 km-long Great Belt Bridge：
Denmarks bountiful wind ， so fierce even on a calm summers day that it threatens to shove your car into the waves below ．But wind itself is only part of the reason ．In Lem ，workers in factories the size of aircraft hangars build the wind turbines sold by Vestas ， the Danish company that has emerged as the industrys top manufacturer around the globe ． The work is both gross and fine ；employees weld together massive curved sheets of steel to make central shafts as tall as a 14-story building ， and assemble engine housings( 機器外罩 )that hold some 18,000 separate parts ． Most impressive are the turbines blades, which scoop the wind with each sweeping revolution ．As smooth as an Olympic swimsuit and honed to aerodynamic perfection， each blade weighs in at 7,000 kg，and they’re what help make Vestas’turbines the best in the world ．“The blade is where the secret is，” says Erik Therkelsen ， a Vestas executive．“ If we can make a turbine ， its sold．”
But technology,like the wind itselK is just one more part of the reason for Denmarks dominance．In theend， it happened because Denmark had the political and public will to decide that it wanted to be a leader and to follow through ． Beginning in 1 979 ， the government began a determined programme of subsidies and loan guarantees to build up its wind industry ． Copenhagen covered 30% of investment costs ， and guaranteed loans for large turbine exporters such as Vestas．It also mandated that utilities purchase wind energy at a preferential price— thus guaranteeing investors a customer base ． Energy taxes were channeled into research centres， where engineers crafted designs that would eventually produce cutting-edge giants like Vestas?3-magawatt(MW)V90 turbine ．
As a result． wind turbines now dot Denmark ．The country gets more than 1 9％ of its electricityfromthe breeze(Spain and Portugal ， the next highest countries ，get about 1 0 ％ )and Danish companies control one — third of the global wind market ， earning billions in exports and creating a national championfromscratch ．“ They were out early in driving renewables ，and that gave them the chance to be a technology leader and a job — creation leader,” says Jake Schmidt， international climatepolicy director for the New York City — based Natural Resources Defense
Council ．“ They have always been one or two steps ahead of others."
The challenge now for Denmark is to help the rest of the world catch up． Beyond wind ， the
country(pop.5.5 million)is a world leader in energy efficiency， getting more GDP per watt than any other member ofthe E． U ．Carbon emissions are down 13.3％from1990 levels and total energy consumptionhas barely moved，even as Denmarkseconomy continued to grow at a healthy clip ．With Copenhagen set to host all-important U ．N ．climate change talks in December --where the world hopes for a successor to the expiring Kyoto Protocol -- and the global recession
beginning to hit environmental plans in capitals everywhere，Denmarks example couldnt be more timely ．“ Welltryto make Denmarka showroom. ” says Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen．“ You can reduce energy use and carbon emissions， and achieve economic growth." Its tempting to assume that Denmark is innately green ， with the kind of Scandinavian good conscience that has made it such a pleasant global citizen since，oh，the whole Viking thing ．But the country ’s policies were actually bornfroma different emotion ，one nowin common currency ：fear．When the 1973 oil crisis hit ，90％ of Denmarks energy camefrompetroleum ，almost all of it imported ．Buffeted by the same supply shocks that hit the rest of the developed world ，Denmark launched a rapid drive for energy conservation ，to the point of introducing car-free Sundays and asking businesses to switch off lights during closing hours． Eventually the Mideast oil started flowing again ，and the Danes themselves began enjoying the benefits of the petroleum and natural
gas in their slice of the North Sea． It was enough to make them more than self-sufficient． But unlike most other countries ，Denmark never forgot the lessons of l973 ，and kept driving for greater energy efficiency and a more diversified energy supply． The Danish parliament raised taxes on energy to encourage conservation and established subsidies and standards to support more efficient buildings ．“ It all started out without any regard for the climate or the environment，”says SvendAuken ，the former head of Denmark ?s opposition Social Democrat Party and the architect of the countrys environmental policies in the 1990s ．“ But today there?s a consensus that we need to build renewable power."
To the rest of the world ， Denmark has the power of its example ．showing that you can stay rich and grow green at the same time ．“ Denmark has proven that acting on climate can be a positive experience，not just painful, ”says NRDCs Schmidt ． The real paincould comefromfailing to follow in their footsteps ．
21．Which of the following is NOT cited as a main reason for Denmarks world leadership in wind power?
A ． Technology． B． Wind ． C．Government drive ． D． Geographical location ．22． The author has detailed some of the efforts of the Danish Government in promoting the wind industry in order to show
A ． the government ’ S determination ．
B ． the country ’S subsidy and loan policies ．
C． the importance of export to the country ．
D ． the role of taxation to the economy ．
23． What does the author mean by“ Denmarks example couldn ?t be more timely ” ?
A ．Denmarks energy-saving efforts cannot be followed by other countries．
B ． Denmark can manufacture more wind turbines for other countries．
C． Denmarks energy-saving Success offers the world a useful model ．
D ．Denmark aims to show the world that it can develop even faster ．
24． According to the passage， Denmarks energy-saving policies originatedfromA ． the countrys long tradition of environmental awareness ．
B ． the countrys previous experience of oil shortage ．
C． the countrys grave shortage of natural resources．
D ． the countrys abundant wind resources ．
25． Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage?
A ．Not to save energy could lead to serious consequences．
B ． Energy saving cannot go together with economic growth ．
C． Energy saving efforts can be painful but positive ．
D ．Denmark is a powerful leader in the global wind market．
TEXT D
The first clue came when I got my hair cut ．The stylist offered not just the usual coffee or tea buta complimentary nail — polish change while 1 waited for my hair to dry．Maybe she hoped this little amenity would slow the growing inclination of women to stretch each haircut to last four
months while nursing our hair back to whatever natural colour we long ago forgot．
Then there was the appliance salesman who offered to carry my bags as we toured the microwave aisle ．When I called my husband to ask him to check somespecs online，the salesman offered a pre-emptive discount， lest the surfing turn up the same model cheaper in another store．That night ，for the first time ，I saw the Hyundai ad promising shoppers that if they buy a car and then lose their job in the next year ， they can return it ．
Suddenly everything ’s on sale． The upside to the economic downturn is the immense
incentive it gives retailers to treat you like a queen for a day ．During the flush times ．Salespeople were surly ，waiters snobby ．But now the customer rules ，just for showing up ．There’s more room to stretch out on the flight ， even in a coach． The malls have that serene aura of undisturbed wilderness，with scarcely a shopper in sight ．Every conversation with anyone selling anything is a pantomime of pain and bluff ．Finger the scarf, then start to walk away, and its price floats silkily downward ． When the mechanic calls to tell you that brakes and a timing belt and other services will run close to $2,000 ，its time to break out the newly perfected art of the considered pause ．You really dont even have to say anything pitiful before hell offer to knock a few hundred dollars off ． Restaurants are also caught in a fit of ardent hospitality, especially around Wall Street：
Trinity Place offers $3 drinks at happy hour any day the market goes down． with the slogan “Market tanked? Get tanked! ”--which ensures a lively crowd for the closing bell ．The "21" Club has decided that men no longer need to wear ties，so long as they bring their wallets ．Food itself is friendlier ： you noticemore comfort food ， a truce between chef and patron that is easier to enjoy now that you can get a table practically anywhere ．New York Times restaurant critic Frank Bruni characterizes the new restaurant demeanor as "extreme solicitousness tinged with outright desperation． "“ You need to hug the customer,” one owner told him ．
Theres a chance that eventually well return a11 this kindness with the extravagant spending that was once decried but now everyone is hoping will restart the economy．But human nature is funny that way ．In dangerous times，we clench and squint at the deal that looks too good to miss ， suspecting that it must be too good to be true ． Is the store with the super cheap flat screens going to go bust and thus not be there to honour the "free" extended warranty? Is there something wrong with that free cheese? Store owners will tell you horror stories about shoppers with attitude ，whowalk in demanding discounts and flaunt their new power at every turn ． These store owners wince as they sense bad habit forming：Will people expect discounts forever? Will their hard ．won brand luster be forever cheapened， especially for items whose allure depends on their being ridiculously priced?
There willsurely come a day when things go back to “normal ”；retail sales even inched up in January after sinking for the previous six months ．But 1 wonder what it will take for US to see those $545 Sigerson Morrison studded toe-ring sandals as reasonable? Bargain-hunting can be addictive regardless of the state of the markets ， and haggling is a low-risk ， high-value contact sport． Trauma digs deep into habit ， like my 85-year — old mother still calling her canned-goodscabinet“ the bomb shelter." The children of the First Depression were saving string and preaching sacrifice long after the skies cleared ． They came to be called the “ greatest generation." As we learn to be decent stewards of our resources， who knows whatmight come of it? We have lived in an age of wanton waste，and there is value in practicing conservation that goes far beyond our own bottom line ．
26． According to the passage， what does“ the first clue" suggest?
A ． Shops try all kinds of means to please customers ．
B ． Shops， large or small ， are offering big discounts ．
C． Women tendto have their hair cut less frequently ．
D ． Customers refrainfrombuying things impulsively．
27． Which of the following best depicts the retailers now?
A ． Bad-tempered．B． Highly motivated ．
C． Over-friendly ．D ． Deeply frustrated ．
28． What does the author mean by“ the newly perfected art of the considered pause ” ?
A ． Customers now rush to buy things on sale ．
29． According to the passage，“ shoppers... flaunt their new power at every turn" means that shoppers would
30. What is the authors main message in the last two paragraphs?
B. Ones life experience would turn into lifelong habits．
C. Customers should expect discounts for luxury goods．
D. The practice of frugality is of great importance．
PART IIIGENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)
There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section ．Mark the best answer to each question on
ANSWER SHEET TWO ．
31． The fullofficial nameof Australia is
A ． The Republic of Australia ．B ．The Commonwealth of Australia ．
C． The Federation of Australia ．D． The Union of Australia ．
32. Canada is well known for all the following EXCEPT
A ． its mineral resources ．B ． its forest resources．
C． its fertile and arable land ．D． its heavy industries．
33． In the United States community colleges offer
A ． two-year programmes ．B ． four-year programmes ．
C． postgraduate studies．D． B． A ． or B ． S． degrees．
34.In ______， referenda in Scotland and Wales set up a Scottish parliament and a Wales assembly．
A ．2000B ． 1946C． 1997D. 1990
35． Which of the following clusters of words is an example of alliteration?
A ． A weak seat．B ． Safe and sound．
C． Knock and kick ．D． Coat and boat．
36． Who wrote Mrs ． Warrens Profession?
A ．John Galsworthy ．B ． William Butler Yeats ．
C． T． S． Eliot ．D． George Bernard Shaw ．
37． Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser is a(n)
A ． novel．B． short story ．
C． poem．D． autobiography ．
38． Which Of t11e following italicized parts is an inflectional morpheme?
A ．Unlock ．B ．Government．
C． Goes．D． Off-stage．
39． _____ is a language phenomenon in which words sound like what they refer to.
A ．OnomatopoeiaB． Collocation
C． DenotationD． Assimilation
40． The sentence "CIose your book and listen to me carefully!" performs a(n) ____ function．
A ． interrogativeB ． informative
C． performativeD ．directive
PART IVPROOF READING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)
The passage contains TEN errors． Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved ． You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way ：
For a wrong word ，underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at theendof the line ．
For a missing word ．mark the position of the missing word with a "^" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at theendof the line ．
For an unnecessary word， cross the unnecessary word with a slash”／”and put the word in the blank provided at theendof the line ．
EXAMPLE
When ^ art museum wants a new exhibit ，(1)an
it never buys things in finished form and hangs(2)never
them on the wall ． When a natural history museum
wants an exhibition, it must often build it ．(3)exhibit
Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed ．
Psycho-linguistics isthe namegiven to the study of the psychological processes
involved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding,
production and remembering language, and hence are concerned with
(1) _____
listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language.
One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually
happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately.
Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page,
(2) ______
(3) ______
(4) ______
you normally cannot help but understand it. It is only in exceptional
circumstances we mightbecome aware ofthe complexity(5) ______
involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it;
if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has influenced(6) ______
their language; if we observe a child acquire language; if(7) ______
we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adu< or
if we are visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meet
anyone else who is. As we shall see, all these examples(8) ______
of what might be called “l(fā)anguage in exceptional circumstances ”
reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking,(9) ______
listening, writing and reading. But given that language processes
were normally so automatic, we also need to carry out careful(10) ______
experiments to get at what is happening.
PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)
SECTION ACHINESE TO ENGLISH
Translate the following text into English． Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE．
生活就像一杯紅酒，熱愛生活的人會從其中品出無窮無盡的美妙。將它握在手中仔細觀
察，它的暗紅色中有血的感覺， 那正是生命的痕跡。抿一口留在口中回味， 它的甘甜中有一絲苦澀，如人生一般復雜迷離。喝一口下肚，余香沁人心脾，讓人終身受益。紅酒越陳越美
味，生活越豐富越美好。當人生走向晚年，就如一瓶待開封的好酒，其色彩是沉靜的，味道中充滿慷慨與智慧。
SECTION BENGLISH TO CHINESE
Translate the following text into Chinese ． Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE．The UN General Assembly, the central political forum ，is composed of 193 members， including virtually all the worlds nation-states． Two-thirds of its members are developing countries， which account for about three-quarters of the worlds population．
Reaching decisions is difficult ，especially since all agreements by custom must be reached by consensus． As a result ，important agreements are often held hostage by narrow special interests ， and most agreements are reached only by reducing them to theirlowest common denominators． But the real question is whether the major countries of the world will allow democracy to function at the highest level ．
The Security Council ， which is responsible for peace and security ， deals with issues of the greatest political importance ．The Council has only 15 members so it can meet frequently and deal with crises． Once impotent due to Cold War rivalries ， it has regained much of the authority accorded by the UN charter ．
PARTVIWRITING (45 MIN)
Is our society hostile to good people? According to a recent survey by China Youth Daily，76.1 percent of the respondents say that our current society provides a “ bad environment"for good people doing good things ．On the other hand，the more optimistic would argue that each individual should try his or her best to do good things and be nice to others, instead of waiting for the "social environment ” to improve ． So， what do you think? Is a sound social environment necessary for people to have high moral standards and be good to others?
Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic：Is a sound social environment necessary for people to be good to others?
In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details ． In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary ．
Marks will be awarded for content, organization ，language and appropriateness．Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks ． Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR ．
試聽力部分
Section A
1.checking their understanding
2.reflective on information
3.incomprehensible
4.what you read
5.organized
6.monitoring their understanding
7.differentiate
8.blame
9.performance
10.active learning
Section B
1.better education— greater mobility — more choices
2.shorter work hours was least chosen for being most important
3.the way in which the questions were designed
4.psychological reward is more important than material one
5.chances for advancement
Section C
6.passengers
7.renters can take a shower inside the box
8.police preventive measures for the carnival
9.early malnutrition and heart health ．
10.in the 1950s
試閱讀理解部分
The future of news Back to the coffee house
11.the appearance of advertisement in newspaper
12.more people are involved in finding, discussing and distributing news
13.planning the return to coffee-house news
14.optimistic and cautious
15.the participator nature of news
Paris in winter
16.regret
17.Fashionable Parisian women return to Paris
18.can be happy if they want
19.its implications for life
20.thoughtfulness
21.Geographic location
22.the government?s determination
23.denmark?s energy-saving success offers the world a useful model
24.the country?s previous experience of oil shortage
25.energy saving cannot go together with economic growth
26.shops try all kinds of means to please customers
27.Highly motivated
28.Customers have learned how to bargain
29.keep asking for more discounts
30.the practice of frugality is of great importance
人文知識
31.澳大利亞的全稱是：the commonwealth of Austrilia
32.加拿大以什么著稱， 除了什么以外 （礦產(chǎn)、森林、肥沃的`土地） 。答案選 the heavy industries.
33.美國社區(qū)大學一般提供two-year 制課程
34.1997 年蘇格蘭、威爾斯全民公決各自有了自己的議會
35. 哪一個是頭韻法，答案： safe and sound
36誰寫的 Mrs. Warrens Profession ，答案是： George Bernard Shaw
37Sister Carrie 是神馬東東，答案： novel
38下面哪一個斜體部分為曲折語素，答案goes 里面的 es
39聽其音，知其意是神馬東東，答案：擬音Onomatopoeia
40" 關(guān)上課本，認真聽我講“起的啥作用，答案：directive
翻譯漢譯英
生活像一杯紅酒，熱愛生活的人會從中品出無窮的美妙。將它握在手中觀察，它的暗紅
有血的感覺，那正是生命的痕跡。抿一口留在口中回味， 它的甘甜有一絲苦澀，如人生一般復雜迷離。 喝一口下肚， 余香潤人心肺， 讓人終受益。 紅酒越陳越美味， 生活越豐富越美好。當人生走向晚年，就如一瓶待開封的好酒，其色彩是沉靜的，味道中充滿慷慨于智慧。
Life is like a cup of wine; people who love it discover inexhaustible wondersfromit.
Hold in the hand and gaze at it, the dark red color is reminiscent of the blood, which is the impress of life.
Take a sip of it and appreciate the taste, the bittersweet flavor is exactly the same with life, whichis complicated and blurred.
Once the sip is swallowed, the lingering fragrance pleases the heart and refreshes the mind, leaving a person lifelong benefit.
There was a remarkable resemblance between life and wine: the tastebecomes more delicious as the wine mellows, just as life gets better as itbecomes more abundant.
Whenlife comes to twilight years, it looks calm and tastes full of wisdom and generosity, just like a bottle of wine to be savored.
翻譯英譯漢
聯(lián)合國代表大會，中心政治論壇，由193 個成員國組成，幾乎包括世界上所有國家，其中
三分之二的國家為發(fā)展中國家，占世界總?cè)丝诘乃姆种Ｍㄟ^決議非常困難，尤其是所有慣例決出的協(xié)議必須達成一致才能通過。結(jié)果就是重要的協(xié)議總是被狹隘的特殊利益所挾持，并且大部分協(xié)議都只是用來使自己的利益最大化。但真正的問題是世界上主要。是否愿意看到民主最大限度地開展。聯(lián)合國安理會，負責和平和安全，處理最重要的政治問題。安理會只有15 個成員國，所以能經(jīng)常性地應(yīng)付危機。它曾一度由于冷戰(zhàn)對立而停擺，但已經(jīng)重新獲得了聯(lián)合國憲章給予的權(quán)利。
改錯題
1.production 改成 producing
2.去掉 the
3.去掉 accurately 前面的 so
4.looking 改為 look
5.we 前面加 that
6.去掉 colleague 后面的 has
7.their 改成 his
8.anyone 改成 pure 老師 someone
9.evolved 改成 involved
10.were 改成 are
作文參考范文
Is a sound social environment necessary for people to be good to others Helping others has always been a virtue in traditional Chinese culture, but nowadays many people dare not offer help to those in need, for fear of getting into trouble. The issue has aroused public debate over the climate of morality and credibility, and many people sigh over the moral degeneration. In my opinion, while social environment is necessary for people to be good to others, each individual should try his or her best to do good deeds and be sympathetic with others, instead of waiting for the environment to improve.
There is no denying that some tragic events turn out to be traps by people with evil intentions, so people arebecoming more risk-conscious and are more wary of traps and deceits. some people even wonder, Is our society hostile to good people?? The question may sound ridiculous but ma ny people apparently think so. They believe that our current society provides a bad environment for good people doing good things, and good people pay a high price forbeing compassionate. In fact, such kind of things only accounts for a pretty small percentage, but massive media coverage makes the situation seem serious. Actually, most people around me are kind, warm-hearted and helpful, and I am quite delighted intheir company. So I believe media should pay more attention
to publicizing good people and exemplary deeds to enhance our confidence, rather than exposing disgusting behaviors.
At the same time, as John Donne puts it,“ No man is an island, entire of itselfman.Everyisa piece of the continent, a part of the main.” Since everyoneponentofusof isthea scociety,m it is each individual?s conducts that form social morality. Just imagine it is you who need help, what would you feel if everyone watches indifferently or suspiciously? So, put yourself in other?sposition and be sympathetic. If we do nothing but wait for the environment to improve, nothing will happen. Only by removing the fence aroundour kind consciousness can we reverse the regress of social ethics, and make our world full of warmth and happiness. Therefore, if help is needed, never hesitate to lenda helping hand. It will make you happy and feel better about life.
In sum, I contendthe idea that while social environment is necessary for people to be good to others, it is each individual?s responsibility to offer help to those in need, and together we build up a more harmonious society.
Writing:
Say No to Pirated Products
No one can have failed to notice the fact that piracy hasbecome a grave problem with which we are confronted. Taking a look around, we can find examples too numerous to list. In many places we see people peddling pirated books or disks. There is hardly anyone who has not been asked the question: “ Wannaa disk? ” Actually,piracy hasbecome so widespread that it has severely affected people?s life and hindered the development of the nation?s economy and culture. A number of factors could be responsible for this phenomenon, but the following are the most critical ones. First, pirated products are much cheaper than copyrighted ones, so they are very attractive to people, especially youngsters, who are not financially well-off. Secondly, with highly developed technology, it is not difficult to manufacture pirated products. An average person can produce thousands of copies of a film only if he hasa computer and a recorder, which won?t cost him much. Last but not least, relevant laws are not in existence or in effect.
Piracy is bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blind eye to it. First, intellectual property rights are severely infringed upon and honest producers will lose the motivation to develop new products. As a result, the nation?s economy and culture will stay where they are and see no progress. Meanwhile, pirated products are often of low quality, thus damaging the interest of buyers, especially customers who wish to purchase copyrighted products. Finally, the destruction of pirated products means a grievous waste of the nation?s resources. It is really upsetting to see thousands of pirated books burnt or millions of pirated DVDs of films and music crushed.
In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. First, it is essential that pertinent laws and regulations be worked out and rigidly enforced to ban the manufacture and circulation of pirated products. Mean while, a deep-going, widespread and everlasting campaign should be launched to enhance people?s awareness of protecting intellectual property rights and saying no to pirated products. With proper laws and an alert public, it will be only a matter of time before piracybecomes a thing of the past. /With these measures taken, we have reasons to believe that the problem can be solved in the near future./Only with these measures taken can we expect a bright future.
英語專業(yè)八級考試真題試卷3
PARTI LISTENING COMPREHENSION[25 MIN]
SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY.While listening to mini-lecture,please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure you fill in isboth grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.
You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.
SECTIONB INTERVIEW
I n this section you will hear ONE interview.The interview will be divided into TWO parts.At theendof each part, five questions will be asked about what was said.Both the interview and the questions will be spokenONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A), B), C) and D), and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.
Now, listen to the first interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on Part Oneof the interview.
Now listen to the interview.
1. A. Announcement of results.
B. Lack of a timeschedule.
C. Slowness in ballots counting.
D. Direction of the electoral events.
2. A. Other voices within Afghanistan wanted so.
B. The date had been set previously.
C. All the ballots had been counted.
D. The UN advised them to do so.
3. A. To calm the voters.
B. To speed up the process.
C. To stick to the election rules.
D. Tostop complaintsfromthe labor.
4. A. Unacceptable.
B. Unreasonable.
C. Insensible.
D. Ill considered.
5. A. Supportive.
B. Ambivalent.
C. Opposed.
D. Neutral.
Now listening to Part Two of the interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on Part Two of the interview.
6. A. Ensure the government includes all parties.
B. Discuss who is going to be the winner.
C. Supervise the counting of votes.
D. Seek supportfromimportant sectors.
7. A. 36%-24%.
B. 46%-34%.
C. 56%-44%.
D. 66%-54%.
8. A. Both candidates.
B. Electoral institutions.
C. The United Nations.
D. Not specified.
9. A. It was unheard of.
B. It was on a small scale.
C. It was insignificant.
D.It occurred elsewhere.
10.A. Problems in the electoral process.
B. Formation of a new government.
C. Premature announcement of results.
D. Democracy in Afghanistan.
PARTⅡREADING COMPREHENSION[25 MIN]
SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
PASSAGE ONE
(1) ―Britain’s best export,‖ I was told by the Department of Immigration in Canberra, ―is people.‖ Close on 100,000 people have applied for assisted passages in the first five months of the year, and half of these are eventually expected to migrate to Australia.
(2) The Australian are delighted. They are keenly ware that without a strong flow of immigrants into the workforce the development of the Australian economy is unlikely to proceed at the ambitious pace currently envisaged. The new mineral discoveries promise a splendid future, and the injection of huge amounts of American and British capital should help to ensure that they are properly exploited, but with unemployment in Australia down to less than 1.3 per cent, the government is understandably anxious to attract more skilled labor.
(3) Australia is roughly the same size as the continental United States, but has only twelve million inhabitants. Migration has accounted for half the population increase in the last four years, and has contributed greatly to the country’s impressive economic development. Britain has always been the principal source –ninety per cent of Australians are of British descent, and Britain has provided one million migrants since the Second World War.
(4) Australia has also given great attention to recruiting people elsewhere. Australians decided they had an excellent potential source of applicants among the so-called ―guest workers‖ who have crossed the ir own frontiers to work in other arts of Europe. There were estimated to be more than four million of them, and a large number were offered subsidized passages and guaranteed jobs in Australia. Italy has for some years been the second biggest source of migrants, and the Australians have also managed to attract a large number of Greeks
and Germans.
(5) One drawback with them, so far as the Australians are concerned, is that integration tends to be more difficult. Unlike the British, continental migrants have to struggle with an unfamiliar language and new customs. Many naturally gravitate towards the Italian or Greek communities which have grown up in cities such as Sydney and Melbourne. These colonies have their own newspapers, their own shops, and theirown clubs. Their habitants are not Australians, but Europeans.
(6) The government’s avowed aim, however, is to maintain ―a substantially homogeneous society into whichnewcomers,fromwhatever sources, will merge themselves‖. By and large, therefore, Australia still prefers British migrants, and tends to be rather less selective in their case than it is with others.
(7) A far bigger cause of concerns than the growth of national groups, however, is the increasing number of migrants who return to their countries of origin. One reason is that people nowadays tendto be more mobile, and that it is easier than in the past to save the return fare, but economic conditions also have something to do with it. A slower rate of growth invariably produces discontent –and if this coincides with greater prosperity in Europe, a lot of people tendto feel that perhaps they were wrongto come here after all.
(8) Several surveys have been conducted recently into the reasons why people go home. One noted that ―flies, dirt, and outside lavatories‖ were on the listof complaintsfromBritish immigrants, and added that many peoplealso complained about ―the crudity, bad manners, and unfriendliness of the Australians‖. Another survey gave climate conditions, homesickness, and ―the stark appearance of the Australian countryside‖ as the main reasons for leaving.
(9) Most British migrants miss council housing the National Health scheme, and their relatives and former neighbor. Loneliness is a big factor, especially among housewives. The men soon make new friends at work, but wives tendto find it much harder to get used to a different way of life. Many are housebound because of inadequate public transport in most outlying suburbs, and regular correspondence with their old friends at home only serves to increase their discontent. One housewife was quoted recently as saying: ―I even find I miss the people I used to hate at home.‖
(10) Rent are high, and there are long waiting lists for Housing Commission homes. Sickness can be an expensive business and the climate can be unexpectedly rough. The gap between Australian and British wage packets is no longer big, and people are generally expected to work harder here than they do at home. Professional men over forty often have difficulty in finding a decent job. Above all, perhaps, skilled immigrants often finds a considerable reluctance to accept their qualifications.
(11) According to the journal Australian Manufacturer, the attitude of many employers and fellow workers is anything but friendly. ―We Australians,‖ it stated in a recent issue, ―are just too fond of painting the rosy picture of the big, warm-hearted Aussie. As a matter of fact, we are so busy blowing our own trumpets that we have not not time to be warm-hearted and considerate. Go down ―heart-break alley‖ among some of the migrants and find out just how expansive the Aussie is to his immigrants.‖
11.The Australians want a strong flow of immigrants because .
A.Immigrants speed up economic expansion
B.unemployment is down to a low figure
C.immigrants attract foreign capital
D.Australia is as large as the United States
12.Australia prefers immigrantsfromBritain because .
A.they are selected carefully before entry
B.they are likely to form national groups
C.they easily merge intolocal communities
D.they are fond of living in small towns
13.In explaining why some migrants return to Europe the author .
A.stresses their economic motives
B.emphasizes the variety of their motives
C.stresses loneliness and homesickness
D.emphasizes the difficulties of men over forty
14.which of the following words is used literally, not metaphorically?
A.―flow‖ (Para. 2).
B.―injection‖ (Para. 2).
C.―gravitate‖(Para. 5).
D.―selective‖(Para. 6).
15.Para. 11 pictures the Australians as .
A.unsympathetic
B.ungenerous
C.undemonstrative
D.unreliable
PASSAGE TWO
(1) Some of the advantages of bilingualism include better performance at tasks involving ―executive function‖ (which involves the brain’s ability to plan and prioritize), better defense against dementia in old age and—the obvious—the ability to speak a second language. One purported advantage was not mentioned, though. Many multilinguals report different personalities, or even different worldviews, when they speak their different languages.
(2) It’s an exciting notion, the idea that one’s very self coul d be broadened by the mastery of two or more languages. In obvious ways (exposure to new friends, literature and so forth) the self really is broadened. Yet it is different to claim—as many people do—to have a different personality when using a different language. A former Economist colleague, for example, reported being ruder in Hebrew than in English. So what is going on here?
(3) Benjamin Lee Whorf, an American linguist who died in 1941, held that each language
encodes a worldview that significantly infl uences its speakers. Often called ―Whorfianism‖, this idea has its sceptics,but there are still good reasons to believe language shapes thought. (4) This influence is not necessarily linked to the vocabulary or grammar of a second language. Significantly, most people are not symmetrically bilingual. Many have learned one language at homefromparents, and another later in life, usually at school. So bilinguals usually have different strengths and weaknesses in their different languages—and they are not always best in their first language. For example, when tested in a foreign language, people are less likely to fall into a cognitive trap (answering a test question with an obvious-seeming but wrong answer) than when tested in their native language. In part this is because working in a second language slows down the thinking. No wonder people feel different when speaking them. And no wonder they feel looser, more spontaneous, perhaps more assertive or funnier or blunter, in the language they were reared infromchildhood.
(5) What of ―crib‖ bilinguals, raised in two languages? Even they do not usually have perfectlysymmetrical competence in their two languages. But even for a speaker whose two languages are very nearly the same in ability, there is another big reason that person will feel different in the two languages. This is because there is an important distinction between bilingualism and biculturalism.
(6) Many bilinguals are not bicultural. But some are. And of those bicultural bilinguals, we should be little surprised that they feel different in their two languages. Experiments in psychology have shown the power of ―priming‖—small unnoticed factors that can affect behavior in big ways. Asking people to tell a happy story, for example, will put them in a better mood. The choice between two languages is a huge prime. Speaking Spanish rather than English, for a bilingual and bicultural Puerto Rican in New York, might conjure feelings of family and home. Switching to English might prime the same person to think of school and work.
(7) So there are two very good reasons (asymmetrical ability, and priming) that make people feel different speaking their different languages. We are still left with a third kind of argument, though. An economist recently interviewed here at Prospero, Athanasia Chalari, said for example that:
Greeks are very loud and they interrupt each other very often. The reason for that is the Greek grammar and syntax. When Greeks talk they begin their sentences with verbs and the form of the verb includes a lot of information so you already know what they are talking about after the first word and can interrupt more easily.
(8) Is there something intrinsic to the Greek language that encourages Greeks to interrupt? People seem to enjoy telling tales about their languages inherent properties, and how they influence their speakers. A group of French intellectual worthies once proposed, rather self-flatteringly, that French be the sole legal language of the EU, because of its supposedly unmatchable rigor and precision. Some Germans believe that frequently putting the verb at theendof a sentence makes the language especially logical. But language myths are not always self-flattering: many speakers think their languages are unusually illogical or difficult—witness the plethora of books along the lines of "Only in English do you park on a driveway and drive on a parkway; English must be the craziest language in the world!" We also see some unsurprising overlap with national stereotypes and self-stereotypes: French, rigorous; German, logical; English, playful. Of course.
(9) In this case, Ms Chalari, a scholar, at least proposed a specific and plausible line of causationfromgrammar to personality: in Greek, theverb comes first, and it carries a lot of information, hence easy interrupting. The problem is that many unrelated languages all around the world put the verb at the beginning of sentences. Many languages all around the world are heavily inflected, encoding lots of information in verbs. It would be a striking finding if all of these unrelated languages had speakers more prone to interrupting each other. Welsh, for example, is also both verb-first and about as heavily inflected as Greek, but the Welsh are not known as pushy conversationalists.
16. According to the author, which of the following advantages of bilingualismis commonly accepted?
A. Personality improvement.
B. Better task performance.
C. Change of worldviews.
D. Avoidance of old-age disease.
17. According to the passage, that language influences thought may be related to .
A. the vocabulary of a second language
B. the grammar of a second language
C. the improved test performance in a second language
D. the slowdown of thinking in a second language
18. W hat is the author’s response to the question at the beginning of Para. 8?
A.It’s just one of the popular tales of national stereotypes.
B. Some properties inherent can make a language logical.
C. German and French are good examples of Whorfianism.
D. There is adequate evidence to support a positive answer.
19. Which of the following statements concerning Para. 9 is correct?
A. Ms. Chalari’s theory about the Greek language is well grounded.
B. Speakers of many other languages are also prone to interrupting.
C. Grammar is unnecessarily a condition for change in personality.
D. Many unrelated languages don’t have the same features as Greek.
20. In discussing the issue, the author’s attitude is .
A. satirical
B. objective
C. critical
D.ambivalent
PASSAGE THREE
(1) Once across the river and into the wholesale district, she glanced about her for some likely door at which to apply. As she contemplated the wide windows and imposing signs, she became conscious of being gazed upon and understood for what she was-a wage-seeker. She
had never done this thing before, and lacked courage. To avoid a certain indefinable shame she felt at being caught spying about for a position, she quickened her steps and assumed an air of indifferencesupposedly common to one upon an errand. In this way she passed many manufacturing and wholesale houses without once glancing in. At last, after several blocks of walking, she felt that this would not do, and began to look about again, though without relaxing her pace. A little way on she saw a great door which, for some reason, attracted her attention. It wasornamented by a small brass sign, and seemed to be the entrance to a vast hive of six or seven floors. "Perhaps," she thought, "they may want some one," and crossed over to enter. When she came within a score of feet of the desired goal, she saw through the window a young man in a grey checked suit. That he had anything to do with the concern, she could not tell, but because he happened to be looking in her direction her weakening heart misgave her and she hurried by, tooovercome with shame to enter. Over the way stood a great six-story structure, labelled Storm and King, which she viewed with rising hope. It was a wholesale dry goods concern and employed women. She could see them moving about now and then upon the upper floors. This place she decided to enter, no matter what. She crossed over and walked directly toward the entrance. As she did so, two men came out and paused in the door. A telegraph messenger in blue dashed past her and up the few steps that led to the entrance and disappeared. Several pedestrians out of the hurrying throng which filled the sidewalks passed about her as she paused, hesitating. She looked helplessly around, and then, seeing herself observed, retreated. It was too difficult a task. She could not go past them. (2) So severe a defeat told sadly upon her nerves. Her feet carried her mechanically forward, every foot of her progress being a satisfactory portion of a flight which she gladly made. Block after block passed by. Upon streetlamps at the various corners sheread names such as Madison, Monroe, La Salle, Clark, Dearborn, State, and still she went, her feet beginning to tire upon the broad stone flagging. She was pleased in part that the streets were bright and clean. The morning sun, shining down with steadily increasing warmth, made the shady side of the streets pleasantly cool. She looked at the blue sky overhead with more realization of its charm than hadever come to her before.
(3) Her cowardice began to trouble her in a way. She turned back, resolving to hunt up Storm and King and enter. On the way, she encountered a great wholesaleshoe company, through the broad plate windows of which she saw an enclosed executive department, hidden by frosted glass. Without this enclosure, but just within the street entrance, sat a grey-haired gentleman at a small table, with a large open ledger before him. She walked by this institution several times hesitating, but, finding herself unobserved, faltered past the screen door and stood humble waiting.
(4) "Well, young lady," observed the old gentleman, looking at her somewhat kindly, "what is it you wish?"
(5) "I am, that is, do you--I mean, do you need any help?" she stammered.
(6) "Not just at present," he answered smiling. "Not just at present. Come in some time next week. Occasionally we need some one."
(7) She received the answer in silence and backed awkwardly out. The pleasant nature of her reception rather astonished her. She had expected that it would be more difficult, that something cold and harsh would be said--she knew not what. That she had not been put to shame and made to feel her unfortunate position, seemed remarkable. She did not realize that
it was just this which made her experience easy, but the result was the same.She felt greatly relieved.
(8) Somewhat encouraged, she ventured into another large structure. It was aclothing company, and more people were in evidence.
(9) An office boy approached her.
(10) "Who is it you wish to see?" he asked.
(11) "I want to see the manager," she returned.
(12) He ran away and spoke to one of a group of three men who were conferring together. One of these came towards her.
(13)"Well?" he said coldly. The greeting drove all couragefromher at once.
(14) "Do you need any help?" she stammered.
(15)"No," he replied abruptly, and turned upon his heel.
(16)She went foolishly out, the office boy deferentially swinging the door for her, and gladly sank into the obscuring crowd. It was a severe setback to her recently pleased mental state.
21. She quickened her steps because she .
A.was afraid of being seen as a stranger
B.was in a hurry to leave the district
C.wanted to look like someone working there
D.wanted to apply at more factories that day
22. Why didn’t she enter Storm and King the first time?
A.She was too timid to enter the building
B.Two men stopped her at the entrance
C.Several pedestrians had found her strange
D.The messenger had closed the door behind him
23. What does ―every foot of her progress being a satisfactory portion of a flight which she gladly made‖ mean according to the context (Para.2)?
A.She thought she was making progress in job search.
B.She was glad that she was looking for a job.
C.She found her experience satisfactory.
D.She just wanted to leave the place.
24. Why did she feel greatly relieved (Para.7)?
A.She eventually managed to enter the building.
B.She was kindly received by the clerk.
C.She had the courage to make an inquiry.
D.She was promised a work position.
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
PASSAGE ONE
25. What do ―promise‖ and ―should‖ in Para. 2 imply about author’s vision of Australia’s economy?
26. Explain the meaning of ―the growth of national groups‖ according to the context (Para. 7). PASSAGE TWO
27. Explain the meaning of ―The choice between two languages is a huge prime.‖ according to
the context (Para. 6)
28. What reasons does the author give to explain why people feel different when speaking different languages?
29. What does the author focus on in the passage?
PASSAGE THREE
30. Select and write down at least THREE words or phrases in Para. 1 describing the girl’s inner feelings while walking in the streets looking for a job.
31. Explain the meaning of ―So severe a defeat told sadly upon her nerves.‖ according to the context (Para. 2).
32. In ―It was a severe setback to her recently pleased mental state.‖ (Para. 16), what does ―her recently pleased mental state‖ refer to according to the context?
PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [15 MIN]
The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:
For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at theendof the line.
For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧”sign and
write the word you believe to be missing in the blank
provided at theendof the line.
For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the
word in the blank provided at theendof the line.
Example
When∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an
it never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never
them on the wall. When a natural history museum
wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibit
Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET THREE as instructed
PART IV TRANSLATION [20 MIN]
Translate the underlined part of the following textfromChinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE
文學書籍起碼使我們的內(nèi)心可以達到這樣的.三感:善感、敏感和美感。生活不如意時,文學書籍給我們提供了可以達到一種比現(xiàn)實更美好的境界——書里面的水可能比我們現(xiàn)實生活中的水要清,天比我們現(xiàn)實中的天要藍;現(xiàn)實中沒有完美的愛情,但在書里有永恒的《梁山伯與祝英臺》《羅密歐與朱麗葉》。讀書,會彌補我們現(xiàn)實生活中所存在的不堪和粗糙。
PART V WRITING [45 MIN]
The following are two excerpts about job hopping. Read the two excerpts carefully and write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 WORDS, in which you should:
1. summarize the main arguments in the two excerpts, and then
2. express your opinion on perfection, especially on whether aiming for perfection matters in whatever you do.
You can support yourself with informationfromthe excerpts.
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR
英語專業(yè)八級考試真題試卷4
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture,please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.
You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.
SECTION B INTERVIEW
In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At theendof each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.
Now, listen to the Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on Part One of the interview.
1.A. Maggie’s university life.
B. Her mom’s life at Harvard.
C. Maggie’s view on studying with Mom.
D. Maggie’s opinion on her mom’s major.
2.A. They take exams in the same weeks.
B. They have similar lecture notes.
C. They apply for the same internship.
D. They follow the same fashion.
3.A. Having roommates.
B. Practicing court trails.
C. Studying together.
D. Taking notes by hand.
4.A. Protection.
B. Imagination.
C. Excitement.
D. Encouragement.
5.A. Thinking of waysto comfort Mom.
B. Occasional interferencefromMom.
C. Ultimately calls when Maggie is busy.
D. Frequent check on Maggie’s grades.
Now, listen to the Part Two of the interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on Part Two of the interview.
6.A. Because parents need to be ready for new jobs.
B. Because parents love to return to college.
C. Because kids require their parents to do so.
D. Because kids find it hard to adapt to college life.
7.A. Real estate agent.
B. Financier.
C. Lawyer.
D. Teacher.
8.A. Delighted.
B. Excited.
C. Bored.
D. Frustrated.
9.A. How to make a cake.
B. How to make omelets.
C. To accept what is taught.
D. To plan a future career.
10.A. Unsuccessful.
B. Gradual.
C. Frustrating.
D. Passionate.
SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
PASSAGE ONE
(1)There was musicfrommy neighbor’s house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests divingfromthe tower of his raft or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motor-boats slit the waters of the Sound, drawing aquaplanes（滑水板）over cataracts of foam. On weekends Mr. Gatsby’s Rolls-Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to andfromthe city between nine in the morning and long past midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with scrubbing-brushes and hammer and garden-shears, repairing the ravages of the night before.
(2)Every Friday five crates of oranges and lemons arrivedfroma fruiterer in New York – every Monday these same oranges and lemons left his back door in a pyramid of pulpless halves. There was a machine in the kitchen which could extract the juice of two hundred oranges in half an hour, if a little button was pressed two hundred times by a butler’s thumb.
(3)At least once a fortnight a corps of caterers came down with several hundred feet of canvas and enough colored lights to make a Christmas tree of Gatsby’s enormous garden. On buffet tables, garnished with glistening hors-d’oeuvre（冷盤）, spiced baked hams crowded against salads of harlequin designs and pastry pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold. In the main hall a bar with a real brass rail was set up, and stocked with gins and liquors and with cordials（加香甜酒）so long forgotten that most of his female guests were too young to know onefromanother.
(4)By seven o’clock the orchestra has arrived – no thin five-piece affair but a whole pitful of oboes and trombones and saxophones and viols andcornets and piccolos and low and high drums. The last swimmershave come infromthe beach now and are dressing upstairs; the carsfromNew York are parked five deep in the drive, and already the halls and salons and verandas are gaudy with primary colors and hair shorn in strange new ways, and shawls beyond the dreams of Castile. The bar is in full swing, and floating rounds of cocktails permeate the garden outside until the air is alive with chatter and laughter and casual innuendo and introductions forgotten on the spot and enthusiastic meetings between women who never knew each other’s names.
(5)The lights grow brighter as the earth lurches awayfromthe sun and now the orchestra is playing yellow cocktail music and the opera of voices pitches a key higher. Laughter is easier, minute by minute, spilled with prodigality, tipped out at a cheerful word.
(6)The groups change more swiftly, swell with new arrivals, dissolve and form in the same breath – already there are wanderers, confident girls who weave here and there among the stouter and more stable,become for a sharp, joyous moment the center of a group and then excited with triumph glide on through the sea-change of faces and voices and color under the constantly changing light.
(7)Suddenly one of these gypsies in trembling opal, seizes a cocktail out of the air, dumps it down for courage and moving her hands like Frisco dances out alone on the canvas platform. A momentary hush; the orchestra leader varies his rhythm obligingly for her and there is a burst of chatter as the erroneous news goes around that she is Gilda Gray’s understudyfromthe Folies. The party has begun.
(8)I believe that on the first night I went to Gatsby’s house I was one of the few guests who had actually been invited. People were not invited – they went there. They got into automobiles which bore them out to Long Island and somehow theyended up at Gatsby’s door. Once there they were introduced by somebody who knew Gatsby, and after that they conducted themselves according to the rules of behavior associated with amusement parks. Sometimes they came and went without having met Gatsby at all, came for the party with a simplicity of heart that was its own ticket of admission.
(9)I had been actually invited. A chauffeur in a uniform crossed my lawn early that Saturday morning with a surprisingly formal notefromhis employer – the honor would be entirely Gatsby’s, it said, if I would attendhis “l(fā)ittle party” that night. He had seen me several times and had intended to call on me long before but apeculiar combination of circumstances had prevented it – signed Jay Gatsby in a majestic hand.
(10)Dressed up in white flannels I went over to his lawn a little after seven and wandered around rather ill-at-ease among swirls and eddies of people I didn’t know – though here and there was a face I had noticed onthe commuting train. I was immediately struck by the number of young Englishmen dotted about; all well dressed, all looking a little hungry and all talking in low earnest voices to solid and prosperous Americans. I was sure that they were selling something: bonds or insurance or automobiles. They were, at least, agonizingly aware of the easy money in the vicinity and convinced that it was theirs for a few words in the right key.
(11)As soon as I arrived I made an attempt to find my host but the two or three people of whom I asked his whereabouts stared at me in such an amazed way and denied so vehemently any knowledge of his movements that I slunk off in the direction of the cocktail table – the only place in the garden where a single man could linger without looking purposeless and alone.
PART II READING COMPREHENSION
11.It can be inferred form Para. 1 that Mr. Gatsby ______ through the summer.
A.entertained guestsfromeverywhere every weekend
B.invited his guests to ride in his Rolls-Royce at weekends
C.liked to show off by letting guests ride in his vehicles
D.indulged himself in parties with peoplefromeverywhere
12.In Para.4, the word “permeate” probably means ______.
A.perish
B.push
C.penetrate
D.perpetrate
13.It can be inferred form Para. 8 that ______.
A.guests need to know Gatsby in order to attendhis parties
B.people somehowended up in Gatsby’s house as guests
C.Gatsby usually held garden parties for invited guests
D.guests behaved themselves in a rather formal manner
14.According to Para. 10, the author felt ______ at Gatsby’s party.
A.dizzy
B.dreadful
C.furious
D.awkward
15.What can be concludedfromPara.11 about Gatsby?
A.He was not expected to be present at the parties.
B.He was busy receiving and entertaining guests.
C.He was usually out of the house at the weekend.
D.He was unwilling to meet some of the guests.
PASSAGE TWO
(1)The Term “CYBERSPACE” was coined by William Gibson, a science-fiction writer. He first used it in a short story in 1982, and expanded on it a couple of years later in a novel, “Neuromancer”, whose main character, Henry Dorsett Case, is atroubled computer hacker and drug addict. In the book Mr Gibson describes cyberspace as “a consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators” and “a graphic representation of data abstractedfromthe banks ofevery computer in the human system.”
(2)His literary creation turned out to be remarkably prescient（有先見之明的）. Cyberspace hasbecome shorthand forthe computing devices, networks, fibre-optic cables, wireless links and other infrastructure that bring theinternetto billions of people around the world. The myriad connections forged by these technologies have brought tremendous benefits to everyone who uses the web to tap into humanity’s collective store of knowledge every day.
(3)But there is a darker side to this extraordinary invention. Data breaches arebecoming ever bigger andmore common. Last year over 800m records were lost, mainly through such attacks. Among the most prominent recent victims has been Target, whose chief executive, Gregg Steinhafel, stood downfromhis job in May, a few months after the giant American retailer revealedthat onlineintruders had stolen millions of digital records about its customers, including credit- and debit-card details. Other well-known firms such as Adobe, atech company, and eBay,an onlinemarketplace, have also been hit.
(4) The potential damage, though, extends well beyondsuch commercial incursions. Wider concerns have been raised by the revelations about the mass surveillance carried out by Western intelligence agencies made by Edward Snowden, a contractor to America’s National Security Agency (NSA), as well as by the growing numbers of cyber-warriors being recruited by countries that see cyberspace as a new domain of warfare. America’s president, Barack Obama, said in a White House press release earlier this year that cyber-threats “pose one of the gravest national-security dangers” the country is facing.
(5)Securing cyberspace is hard because the architecture of theinternetwas designed to promote connectivity, not security. Its founders focused on getting it to work and did not worry much about threats becausethe network was affiliated with America’s military. As hackers turned up, layers of security,fromantivirus programs to firewalls, were added to try to keep them at bay. Gartner, a research firm, reckons that lastyear organizations around the globe spent $67 billion on information security.
(6)On the whole, these defenses have worked reasonably well. For all the talk about the risk of a “cyber 9/11”, theinternethas proved remarkably resilient. Hundreds of millions of people turn ontheir computers every day andbank online, shop at virtual stores, swap gossip and photos with their friends onsocial networks and sendall kinds of sensitive data over the web without ill effect. Companies and governments are shifting ever moreservices online.
(7)But the task isbecoming harder. Cyber-security, which involves protecting both data and people, is facing multiple threats, notably cybercrimeand onlineindustrial espionage, both of which are growing rapidly. A recent estimate by the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), puts the annual global cost of digital crime and intellectual-property theft at $445 billion – a sum roughly equivalent to the GDP of a smallish rich European country such as Austria.
(8)To add to the worries, there is also the risk of cyber-sabotage. Terrorists or agents of hostile powers could mount attackson companies and systems that control vital parts of an economy, including power stations, electrical gridsand communications networks. Such attacks are hard to pull off, but not impossible. One precedent is the destruction in2010of centrifuges（離心機）at a nuclear facility in Iran bya computer program known as Stuxnet.
(9)But such events are rare. The biggest day-to-day threats facedby companies and governmentagencies comefromcrooks and spooks hoping to steal financial data and trade secrets. For example, smarter,better-organized hackers are making life tougher for the cyber-defenders, but the report will argue that even so a number of things can be done to keep everyone safer than they are now.
(10)One is to ensurethat organizations get the basics of cyber-security right. All too often breaches are caused by simple blunders, such as failing to separate systems containing sensitive datafromthose that do not need access to them. Companies also need to get better at anticipating where attacks maybe comingfromand at adapting their defences swiftly in response to new threats. Technology can help, as can industry initiatives that allow firms to share intelligence about risks with each other.
(11)There is also a need to provide incentives to improve cyber-security, be they carrots or sticks. One idea is to encourageinternet-service providers, orthe companies that manageinternetconnections, to shoulder more responsibility for identifying and helping to cleanup computers infected with malicious software. Another is to find ways to ensure that software developers produce code with fewer flaws in it so that hackers have fewer security holes to exploit.
(12)An additional reason for gettingtech companies to give a higher priority to security is that cyberspace is about to undergo another massive change. Over the next few years billions of new devices,fromcars to household appliances and medical equipment, will be fitted withtiny computers that connect them to the web and make them more useful. Dubbed “theinternetof things”, this is already making it possible, for example, to control home appliances using smartphone apps and to monitor medical devices remotely.
(13)But unless these systems have adequate security protection, theinternetof things could easilybecome theinternetof new things to be hacked. Plenty of people are eager to take advantage of any weaknesses they may spot. Hacking used to be about geeky college kids tapping away in their bedrooms to annoy their elders. It has grown up with a vengeance.
16.Cyberspace is described by William Gibson as ______.
A.a function onlylegitimate computer operators have
B.a representation of datafromthe human system
C.an important element stored in the human system
D.an illusion held bythe common computer users
17.Which of the following statements BEST summarizes the meaning of the first four paragraphs?
A.Cyberspace has more benefits than defects.
B.Cyberspace is like a double-edged sword.
C.Cyberspace symbolizes technological advance.
D.Cyberspace still remains a sci-fi notion.
18.According to Para. 5, the designing principles of theinternetand cyberspace security are ______.
A.controversial
B.complimentary
C.contradictory
D.congruent
19.What could be the most appropriate title for the passage?
A.Cyber Crime and Its Prevention.
B.The Origin of Cyber Crime.
C.How to Deal with Cyber Crime.
D.The Definition of Cyber Crime.
PASSAGE THREE
(1)You should treat skeptically the loud criesnow comingfromcolleges and universities that the last bastion of excellence in American education is being gutted by state budget cuts and mounting costs. Whatever else it is,higher education is not a bastion of excellence. It is shot through with waste, lax academic standards and mediocre teaching and scholarship.
(2)True, the economic pressures –fromthe Ivy League to state systems – are intense. Last year, nearly two-thirds of schools had to make midyear spending cuts to stay within their budgets. It is also true (as university presidents and deans argue) that relieving those pressures merely by raising tuitions and cutting courses will make matters worse. Students will pay more and get less. The university presidents and deans want to be sparedfromfurther government budget cuts. Their case is weak.
(3)Higher education is a bloated enterprise. Too many professors do too little teaching to too many ill-prepared students. Costs can be cut and quality improved without reducing the number of graduates. Many colleges and universities should shrink. Some should go out of business. Consider:
Except for elite schools, admissions standards are low. About 70 percent of freshmen at four-year colleges and universities attendtheir first-choice schools. Roughly 20 percent go to their second choices. Most schools have eagerly boosted enrollments to maximize revenues (tuition and state subsidies).
Dropout rates are high. Half or more of freshmen don’t get degrees. A recent study of PhD programs at 10 major universities also found high dropout rates for doctoral candidates.
The attrition among undergraduates is particularly surprising because college standards have apparently fallen. One study of seven top schools found widespread grade inflation. In 1963, half of the students in introductory philosophy courses got a B – or worse. By 1986, only 21 percent did. If elite schools have relaxed standards, the practice is almost surely widespread.
Faculty teaching loads have fallen steadily since the 1960s. In major universities, senior faculty members often do less than two hours a day of teaching. Professors are “socialized to publish, teach graduate students and spendas little time teaching (undergraduates) as possible,” concludes James Fairweather of Penn State University in a new study. Faculty pay consistently rises as undergraduate teaching loads drop.
Universities have encouraged an almost mindless explosion of graduate degrees. Since 1960, the number of masters’ degrees awarded annually has risen more than fourfold to 337,000. Between 1965 and 1989, the annual number of MBAs (masters in business administration) jumpedfrom7,600 to 73,100.
(4)Even so, our system has strengths. It boasts many top-notch schools and allows almost anyone to go to college. But mediocrity is pervasive. We push as many freshmen as possible through the door, regardless of qualifications. Because bachelors’ degrees areso common, we create more graduate degrees of dubious worth. Does anyone believe the MBA explosion has improved management?
(5)You won’t hear much about thisfromcollege deans or university presidents. They created this mess and are its biggest beneficiaries. Large enrollments support large faculties. More graduate students liberate tenured facultyfromundergraduate teaching to concentrate on writing and research: the source of status. Richard Huber, a former college dean, writes knowingly in a new book (“How Professors Play the Cat Guarding the Cream: Why We’re Paying More and Getting Less in Higher Education”): Presidents, deans and trustees ... call for more recognition of good teaching with prizes and salary incentives.
(6)The reality is closer to the experience of Harvard University’s distinguished paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould: “To be perfectly honest, though lip service is given to teaching, I have never seriously heard teaching considered in any meeting for promotion... Writing is the currency of prestige and promotion.”
(7)About four-fifths of all students attendstate-subsidized systems,fromcommunity colleges to prestige universities. How governors and state legislatures deal with their budget pressures will be decisive. Private schools will, for better or worse, be influenced by state actions. The states need to do three things.
(8)First, create genuine entrance requirements. Today’s low standards tell high school students: You don’t have to work hard to go to college. States should change the message by raising tuitions sharply and coupling the increase with generous scholarships based on merit andincome. To get scholarships, students would have to pass meaningful entrance exams. Ideally, the scholarships should be available for use at in-state private schools. All schools wouldthen compete for students on the basis of academic quality and costs. Today’s system of general tuition subsidies provides aid to well-to-do families that don’t need it or to unqualified students who don’t deserve it.
(8)Next, states should raise faculty teaching loads, mainly at four-year schools. (Teaching loadsat community colleges are already high.) This would cut costs and reemphasize the primacy of teaching at most schools. What we need are teachers who know their fields andcan communicate enthusiasm to students. Not all professors can be path-breaking scholars. The excessive emphasis on scholarship generates many unread books and mediocre articles in academic journals. “You can’t do more of one (research) without less of the other (teaching),” says Fairweather. “People are working hard – it’s just where they’re working.”
(10)Finally, states should reduce or eliminate the least useful graduate programs. Journalism (now dubbed “communications”), businessand education are prime candidates. A lot of what they teach can – and should – be learned on the job. If colleges and universities did a better job of teaching undergraduates, there would be less need for graduate degrees.
(11)Our colleges and universities need to provide abetter education to deserving students. This may mean smaller enrollments, but given today’s attrition rates, the number of graduates need not drop. Higher education couldbecome a bastion of excellence, if we would only try.
20.It can be concludedfromPara.3 that the author was ______ towardsthe education.
A.indifferent
B.neutral
C.positive
D.negative
21.The following are current problems facing all American universities EXCEPT ______.
A.high dropout rates
B.low admission standards
C.low undergraduate teaching loads
D.explosion of graduate degrees
22.In order to ensure teaching quality, the author suggests that the states do all the following EXCEPT ______.
A.set entrance requirements
B.raise faculty teaching loads
C.increase undergraduate programs
D.reduce useless graduate programs
23.“Prime candidates” in Para. 10 is used as ________.
A.euphemism
B.metaphor
C.analogy
D.personification
24.What is the author’s main argument in the passage?
A.American education can remain excellent by ensuring state budget.
B.Professors should teach more undergraduates than postgraduates.
C.Academic standard are the main means toensure educational quality.
D.American education can remain excellent only by raising teaching quality.
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
PASSAGE ONE
25.From the description of the party preparation, what words can you see to depict Gatby’s party?
26.How do you summarize the party scene in Para. 6?
PASSAGE TWO
27.What do the cases of Target, Adobe and eBay in Para. 3 show?
28.Why does the author say the task isbecoming harder in Para. 7?
29.What is the conclusion of the whole passage?
PASSAGE THREE
30.What does the author mean by saying “Their case is weak” in Para. 2?
31.What does “grade inflation” in Para. 3 mean?
32.What does the author mean when he quotes Richard Huber in Para. 5?
PART III LANGUAGE USAGE
The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:
For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at theendof the line.
For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at theendof the line.
For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided at theendof the line.
Example
When∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an
it never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never
them on the wall. When a natural history museum
wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibit
Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET THREE as instructed.
PART IV TRANSLATION
Translate the underlined part of the following textfromChinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
流逝，表現(xiàn)了南國人對時間最早的感覺�！白釉诖ㄉ显唬菏耪呷缢狗颉！彼麄儼l(fā)現(xiàn)無論是潺潺小溪，還是浩蕩大河，都一去不復返，流逝之際青年變成了老翁而綠草轉(zhuǎn)眼就枯黃，很自然有錯陰的緊迫感。流逝也許是緩慢的'，但無論如何緩慢，對流逝的恐懼使人們必須用“流逝”這個詞來時時警戒后人，必須急匆匆地行動，給這個詞灌注一種緊張感。
PART V WRITING
The following two excerpts are about Ice Bucket Challenge, an activity initiated to raise money and awareness for the disease ALS (漸凍癥). From the excerpts, you can find that the activity seems to have achieved much success, but there have also been doubt and criticism.
Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should:
1.summarize the development of ice bucket challenge activity, and then
2.express your opinion towards the activity, especially whether the problem found with this kind of activity will finally undermine its original purpose.
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality.
Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.
Excerpt 1
ALS Ice Bucket Challenge Takes U.S. by Storm
In the last two weeks, the Ice Bucket Challenge has quite literally “soaked” the nation. EveryonefromEthel Kennedy to Justin Timberlake has poured a bucket of ice water over his or her head and challenged others do the same or make a donation to fight ALS within twenty-four hours.
Between July 29 and today, August 12, The ALS Association and its 38 chapters have received an astonishing $4 million indonations compared with $1.12 million during the same time period last year. The ALS Association is incredibly grateful for the outpouring of supportfromthose people who have been doused, made a donation, or both.
“We have never seen anything like this in the history of the disease,” said Barbara Newhouse, President and CEO of The ALS Association.
With only about half of the general public knowledgeable about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the Ice Bucket Challenge is making a profound difference. Since July 29, The Association haswelcomed more than 70,000 new donors to the cause.
“While themonetary donations are absolutely incredible,” said Newhouse, “the visibility that this disease is getting as a result of the challenge is truly invaluable. People who have never before heard of ALS are now engaged in the fight to find treatments and a cure for ALS.”
Excerpt 2
Ice bucket challenge: who’s pouring cold water on the idea?
The ice bucket challenge has certainly raised awareness. Whether that’s primarily of the disease for which it is raising funds or the speed at which images of swimsuit-clad celebrities will go viral is a long-term question. More pertinent right now is whether or not the craze has reached a tipping point.
As it lived by social media, so the ice bucket challenge could die by it. The state of California is currently experiencing one of the worst droughts on record. So gestures suchas companies dousing their staff en masse in hundreds of gallons of icy water, come across more as wasteful PR exercises than charitable gestures – and are being called out as such on Twitter.
There has been a similar reaction in China. Last week, protesters in drought-stricken Henan province raised empty red buckets over their heads,accompanied by the slogan “Henan, please say no to the ice bucket challenge”.
China’s ministry for civil affairs, while broadly supportive, has warned citizens against the practice’s “entertainmentand commercial tendencies”.
But the real dampener could be the risk of bodily harm. Doctors around the world have warned of risks to elderly people, expectant mothers and people with heart conditions.
PartⅠ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
1. the dialectical model
2. common and fixed
3. premises
4. opposition/arguing
5. arguments as performances/the rhetorical model
6. participating
7. convince
8. how we argue
9. tactics
10. negotiation and collaboration
11. they’re deadends
12. learning with losing
13. questions
14. achieve positive effects
15. be self-supported
SECTION B INTERVIEW
1.What is the topic of the interview?
答案：C. Maggie’s view on studying with Mom.
2.Which of the following indicates that they have the same studyschedule?
答案：A. They take exams in the same weeks.
3.What do the mother and daughter havein common as students?
答案：D. Taking notes by hand.
4. What is the biggest advantage of studying with Mom?
答案：D. Encouragement.
5. What is the biggest disadvantage of studying with Mom?
答案：A. Thinking of waysto comfort Mom.
6.Why is parent and kids studying togethera common case?
答案：A. Because parents need to be ready for new jobs.
7.What would Maggie’s Mom like to be after college?
答案：C. Lawyer.
8.How does Maggie’s Mom feel about sitting in class after thirty years?
答案：D. Frustrated.
9.What is most challenging for Maggie’s Mom?
答案：C. To accept what is taught.
10.How does Maggie describe the process of picking out ones career path?
答案：B. Gradual.
PartⅡ READING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
PASSAGE ONE
11. It can be learnedfromPara. 1 that Mr. Gatsby through the summer.
答案：[A] entertained guestsfromeverywhere every weekend
12. In Para. 4, the word “permeate” probably means .
答案：［C］penetrate
13. It can be inferredfromPara. 8 that .
答案：［B］people somehowended up in Gatsbys house as guests
14. According to Para. 10, the author felt at Gatsby’s party.
答案：［D］awkward
15. What can be concludedfromPara. 11 about Gatsby?
答案：［A］He was not expected to be present at the parties.
PASSAGE TWO
16. Cyberspace is described by William Gibson as .
答案：［B］a representation of datafromthe human system
17. Which of the following statements BEST summarizes the meaning of the first four paragraphs?
答案：［B］Cyberspace is like a double-edged sword.
18. According to Para. 5, the designing principles of theinternetand cyberspace security are .
答案：［C］contradictory
19. What could be the most appropriate title for the passage?
答案：［A］Cyber Crime and Its Prevention.
PASSAGE THREE
20. It can be concludedfromPara. 3 that the author was towardshigher education.
答案：［D］negative
21. The following are current problems facing all American universities EXCEPT .
答案：［C］low undergraduate teaching loads
22. In order to ensure teaching quality, the author suggests that the states do all the following EXCEPT .
答案：［C］increase undergraduate programs
23. “Prime candidates” in Para. 10 is used as .
答案：［D］personification
24. What is the authors main argument in the passage?
答案：［C］Academic standards are the main means toensure educational quality.
SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS
說明：這部分答案不是唯一，只要意思對了就可以。
PASSAGE ONE
25. From the description of the party preparation, what words can you use to depict Gatsby’s party?
答案：Gorgeous, luxurious and even extravagant.
26. How do you summarize the party scene described in Para. 6?
答案：Carnival crowds with changing groups and noisy jubilation.
PASSAGE TWO
27. What do the cases of Target, Adobe and eBay in Para. 3 show?
答案：The severe risksof commercial incursions in cyberspace.
28. Why does the author say that the task isbecoming harder in Para. 7?
答案：Because the multiple threats to cyber-security are growing.
29. What is the conclusion of the whole passage?
答案：As hacking grows, cyber-security is facing new threats.
PASSAGE THREE
30. What does the author mean by saying “Their case is weak.” in Para. 2?
答案：It’s hard for universities to be sparedfrombudget cuts.
30.31. What does “grade inflation” in Para. 3 mean?
答案：Grade represents a lower level of students’ performance.
32. What does the author mean when he quotes Richard Huber in Para. 5?
答案：Higher education fails in givingquality education to students.
Part IIILANGUAGE USAGE
1. in → over
2. ∧give→ that /which
3. differs→ differentiates或it→it
4. the→the
5.same→common
6. ∧intimate→and
7. it →which
8. than→than
9. base→preserve
10. furthermore→therefore
Part IV TRANSLATION
參考譯文
They have found that the flowing water, either a murmuring stream or a mighty river, passes quickly and never returns. With the passage of time, the youngbecome the old and the green grass turns yellow. People naturally have a sense of urgency to value every bit of time. As time goes by, no matter how slowly it elapses, people always use the word “l(fā)iushi” to warn the later generations for fear of time’s flowing away. They tell their descendants to treasure every single minute and make a hurried action, which adds a sense of tension to the word.
Part V WRITING
參考范文
Challenge or Not
Recently, the Ice Bucket Challenge has gone viral all over the world, particularly in the United States, with people posting videos ofthemselves onlineand on TV participating in the event. Despite the increase of the donation to fight ALS and more public concern, some are worried about the problems found with this kind of activities. What I have seen is that they have been ed a sense of entertainment. Personally, I propose that charitable activities, if ed with too much entertaining elements, will probably departfromtheir original intentions.
This charitable blockbuster, luring hundreds of celebrities, politicians and athletes, has sparked millions of donations to ALS research and raised awareness of the disease. However, there are worries and different voices towards it. Environmentalists are concerned about the waste of water on the national level, while doctors warn people of the risks of being poured by icy waterfromthe perspective of health.
On the one hand, we have observed that the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge has rubbed some people the wrong way, especially as participants get caught up in the act of making videos rather than focusing on the essence of the charity itself. It is said that when Barack Hussein Obama took the challenge, the current American president chose to make a donation of 100 dollars rather than pouring the icy water over his head. On the other hand, the original purpose of this activity is to provide aid and support for patients sufferingfromthe disease. Accordingly, what we should focus on is whether the ALS association begins immediate funding for families in desperate need of home health care services and other care-related services.
As a matter of fact, after a month in the spotlight, the much-hyped ALS Ice Bucket Challenge is finally starting to show signs of cooling down. Most things in moderation are healthy and lasting, and charitable activities are no different. We should always bear the core of charity in mind: being a dutiful citizen.
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