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雅思考試作文寫作技巧與應(yīng)注意事項(xiàng)
雅思考試作文寫作技巧與應(yīng)注意事項(xiàng)
句子、詞語(yǔ)。文章由句子組成，句子由詞語(yǔ)組成。在著手寫文章之前，應(yīng)該提醒自己注意下面幾點(diǎn)
1)句子與詞語(yǔ)的正確用法。這是最基本的一點(diǎn)。這里包括單字的正確拼寫、詞語(yǔ)在特定句子中的正確應(yīng)用、正確的句子模式。注意：千萬(wàn)不要在文章中出現(xiàn)中國(guó)式的英語(yǔ)。這就要求在構(gòu)思的時(shí)候不要用中文進(jìn)行思考，寫的時(shí)候要仔細(xì)斟酌文章的語(yǔ)句。
2)句子的多樣化。這點(diǎn)的實(shí)現(xiàn)必須在句子與詞語(yǔ)的正確上來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。句子的多樣化是體現(xiàn)一個(gè)人英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言水平的關(guān)鍵也是使文章獲得高分的重點(diǎn)。如非謂語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句等，以及簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)雜句的綜合使用。
3)標(biāo)點(diǎn)的正確使用
文章的整體風(fēng)格與氣氛。
作為考官或者是閱讀你文章的人，在第一次接觸到你文章時(shí)就可以感受到文章的特點(diǎn)與風(fēng)格，或者活潑或者呆板，而依據(jù)模板寫的文章很難做到活潑或者是吸引讀者。
保持書寫的工整性與字跡
常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤提醒
一.不一致(disagreements)
所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致，它還包括了數(shù)的不一致時(shí)態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致等.
例1. when one have money ,he can do what he want to .
(人一旦有了錢，他就能想干什么就干什么.)
剖析：one是單數(shù)第三人稱，因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has ;同理，want應(yīng)改為wants.本句是典型的主謂不一致.
改為：once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)
二.修飾語(yǔ)錯(cuò)位(misplaced modifiers)
英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)不同，同一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)置于句子不同的位置，句子的含義可能引起變化.對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)中國(guó)學(xué)生往往沒(méi)有引起足夠的重視，因而造成了不必要的誤解.例1. i believe i can do it well and i will better know the world outside the campus.
剖析：better位置不當(dāng)，應(yīng)置于句末.
三.句子不完整(sentence fragments)
在口語(yǔ)中，交際雙方可借助手勢(shì)語(yǔ)氣上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是書面語(yǔ)就不同了，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會(huì)令意思表達(dá)不清，這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫完以后，筆者又想加些補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明時(shí)發(fā)生.
例1. there are many ways to know the society. for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .
剖析：本句后半部分＂for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一個(gè)完整的句子，僅為一些不連貫的詞語(yǔ)，不能獨(dú)立成句.改為：there are many ways to know society ,for example ,by tv ,radio ,and newspaper.
四.懸垂修飾語(yǔ)(dangling modifiers)
所謂懸垂修飾語(yǔ)是指句首的短語(yǔ)與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清.例如：at the age of ten, my grandfather died.這句中＂at the age of ten＂只點(diǎn)出十歲時(shí)，但沒(méi)有說(shuō)明”誰(shuí)”十歲時(shí).按一般推理不可能是my grandfather,如果我們把這個(gè)懸垂修飾語(yǔ)改明確一點(diǎn)，全句就不那么費(fèi)解了.改為：
when i was ten, my grandfather died.
例1. to do well in college, good grades are essential.剖析：句中不定式短語(yǔ)“to do well in college”
五.邏輯主語(yǔ)不清楚.
改為：
to do well in college, a student needs good grades.五.詞性誤用(misuse of parts of speech)
“詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為：介詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用；形容詞當(dāng)副詞用；名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用等.例1. none can negative the importance of money.
剖析：negative系形容詞，誤作動(dòng)詞。
改為：
none can deny the importance of money.
六.指代不清(ambiguous reference of pronouns)
指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清，或者先后所用的代詞不一致。試看下面這一句：
mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
(瑪麗和我姐姐很要好，因?yàn)樗鏊陌槟铩?
讀完上面這一句話，讀者無(wú)法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰(shuí)將結(jié)婚，誰(shuí)將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對(duì)象加以明確，意思就一目了然了。這個(gè)句子可改為：
mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
例1. and we can also know the society by serving it yourself.剖析：句中人稱代詞we和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。改為：
we can also know society by serving it ourselves.
七.不間斷句子(run-on sentences)
什么叫run-on sentence?請(qǐng)看下面的例句。
例1. there are many ways we get to know the outside world.剖析：這個(gè)句子包含了兩層完整的意思：“there are many ways.”以及“we get to know the outside world.”。簡(jiǎn)單地把它們連在一起就不妥當(dāng)了。
改為：
there are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.或：there are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world
八.措詞毛病(troubles in diction)
diction是指在特定的句子中如何適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用詞語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題，囿于教學(xué)時(shí)間緊迫，教師平時(shí)在這方面花的時(shí)間往往極其有限，影響了學(xué)生在寫作中沒(méi)有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲，斟酌的習(xí)慣。他們往往隨心所欲，拿來(lái)就用。所以作文中用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤比比皆是。
例1. the increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.
(農(nóng)業(yè)方面化學(xué)物質(zhì)使用的不斷增加也造成了污染。)
剖析：顯然，考生把obstacles“障礙”，“障礙物”誤作substance“物質(zhì)”了。另外“the increasing use (不斷增加的使用)”應(yīng)改為“abusive use (濫用)”。
改為：
the abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.
九.累贅(redundancy)
言以簡(jiǎn)潔為貴。寫句子沒(méi)有一個(gè)多余的詞；寫段落沒(méi)有一個(gè)無(wú)必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組；能用詞組的不用從句或句子。如：
in spite of the fact that he is lazy, i like him.本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同謂語(yǔ)從句，我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”可以改為：in spite of his laziness, i like him.例1. for the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.
剖析：整個(gè)句子可以大大簡(jiǎn)化。
改為：
diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
十.不連貫(incoherence)
不連貫是指一個(gè)句子前言不對(duì)后語(yǔ)，或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通。這也是考生常犯的毛病。
例1. the fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.
剖析：the fresh water與逗號(hào)后的it不連貫。it與things在數(shù)方面不一致。
常見(jiàn)聯(lián)詞
表層進(jìn)
first, firstly to begin with/second, secondly to start with/third, thirdly what’s more/also and then/and equally important/besides in addition/further in the first place/still furthermore
last but not the least/next besides/too moreover/finally
表舉例
for example for instance/to illustrate as an illustration/after all/表解釋
/as a matter of fact/frankly speaking/
雅思考試作文寫作技巧與應(yīng)注意事項(xiàng)
in this case namely/in other words
表總結(jié)
in summary in a word/in brief in conclusion/to conclude in fact/indeed in short/in other words /of course/it is true specially/namely in all/that is to summarize/thus as has been said/altogether in other words/finally in simpler terms/in particular that is/on the whole to put it differently/therefore表強(qiáng)調(diào)
of course indeed/above all most important/emphasis certainly in fact
表讓步
still nevertheless/in spite of all the same/even so after all/concession granted naturally/of course
表比較
in comparison likewise/similarly equally/however likewise/in the same way/
表轉(zhuǎn)折
by contrast although/e same time but/in contrast nevertheless/notwithstanding on the contraryon the other hand otherwise/regardless still/though yet/despite the fact that even so/even though for all that/however in spite of/instead
表時(shí)間
after a while afterward/again also/and then as long as/at last at length/at that time before/besides earlier/eventually finally/formerly further/furthermore in addition/in the first place in the past/last lately/meanwhile moreover/next now/presently second/shortly simultaneously/since so far/soon still/subsequently then/thereafter too/until until now/when.