- P(gun)]
ԿƮI(y)Փģͨ7ƪ
oֳ䌍ĴWY(ji)Ҷ֪I(y)Ҫͨ^I(y)ՓI(y)ՓһNӋ^Ҏ(gu)ęzWWɹʽI(y)ՓđԓôСԿƮI(y)Փgӭxcղ
ԿƮI(y)Փ ƪ1
[ժ Ҫ]ˎˎǃɂĸˎͨ^MķʽM뵽҇Ԯǰ҂Ҳ(jng)ʹ@Nffˎҕˎǰ҇ˎȫˎP(gun)ՓҲڲͰl(f)չ
҇Ҳ_ʼоܶˎ@ʹ҇Ҳ߂ˎ@ӵr҇t(y)ˎWl(f)չøӵȫ҇t(y)I(y)Ҳ@һ^Ы@øõİl(f)չC
Č҇ˎƺa(chn)MP(gun)оԹͽb
[P(gun)I~]ˎ ˎO g(sh)ˇ (jng)ָ l(f)չ
t(y)ˎʹ֮ʬF(xin)õίЧͬrҊЧٶҲ죬mȻܶˎĸί܉õľwϵIJʹ@Ҳ黼ߺڵίȡ˸ĕrgҲ(chung)˸õėlˎίԲYdzõЧڮǰ҇ĺܶߌˎه̶ѽ(jng)hh^ˎˎ҇t(y)WҲռ(j)ԽԽҪĵλ҇ˎо^ѽ(jng)˺ܴM@Ҳ҇ˎİl(f)չṩõĻA
҇ˎƂļg(sh)ˇҲ˷dz@M
1҇ˎˎO
ˎOˎa(chn)^һ^AҪ@ˎˎȡзdzͬһcҲfֻҪOˎȡ|(zh)ˮƽěQ҇ˎl(f)չЌˎOܺ|(zh)MЇĿƣ҇GMP֮҇ˎȡИI(y)Ҳ˷dzõİl(f)չ@ڌ@˜֮ˎƷƂĿƾӵćڹ^ҲעҎ(gu)O̖ҲʮҪ磬еOʹõ^жҪ(jng)^dzϴ@ӲܸõıCˎƷa(chn)l(wi)Ͱȫ
⣬ˎOҪ߂ܺõIJ̲Ҫ^ڏsھSͱB(yng)Ҳԓзdzõıԣ@ӾͿԺܺõıȡ?sh)ķF(xin)dzصĺʹܱ^õˎȡO߀ЧĹ(ji)sˎYԴh(hun)ؓӰҲСһЩ
@Ҳˎȡ^БԓעһʮҪĆ}
xˎˎO^ҪܶضԳֵĿ]CܝMGMPP(gun)Ҫͬr߀ҪO^ԼMмęz飬߀Ҫ书MЙzyCڸ涼܉ܺõĝMˎƷa(chn)P(gun)˜ʺҪͬˎƷa(chn)^ЌˎƷa(chn)OҲdzͬҪˎa(chn)Ƃ^оҪ(j)ͬҪxmOͬr߀Ҫ(j)P(gun)Ę˜ʺҪxCЧߵO@ӲܸõwF(xin)ˎM
2҇ˎˎļg(sh)ˇ
ǰ҇ĿƼˮƽ˺ܴߣͬr҇ˎȡg(sh)Ҳзdz@ͬr҇ĺܶ༼g(sh)߀ڲ
ǰ҇ˎˎg(sh)ڹ˾܇gĴh(hun)a(chn)ڌHa(chn)ҲҪˎg(sh)ˇҲǹ˾P(gun)g(sh)܇gM϶ɵ
2.1 ˾ˇg(sh)
˾ˇg(sh)ҪǷ˸܇ga(chn)Ʒ|(zh)g(sh)(jng)ָ˺ͼg(sh)MչrҳҪìܺͱh(hun)(ji)QkY(ji)Ҏ(gu)ԵĽ(jng)ָȫ˾a(chn)g(sh)
ˇg(sh)a(chn)O(jin)g(sh)ؓ؟Cϣͬ|(zh)a(chn)܇g헼g(sh)ָrȫÿ()M܇gP(gun)Tˇg(sh)ˆT_һηӛ䛂
2.2 ܇gˇg(sh)
܇gˇg(sh)ҪǿY(ji)g(sh)(jng)ָڅݺԭzĴʩ͡UMrЧ܇gнQkʩҪ˾MQa(chn)g(sh)P(gun)I}
܇gg(sh)܇gˇg(sh)(ˇg(sh)T)ؓ؟Cϣ܇gg(sh)(jng)|(zh)rMзrȡ'QʩMͱCa(chn)ķ(wn)ͼg(sh)IJMÿĩMMLͼg(sh)OȹˆT_һηӛ䛂
3g(sh)(jng)ָ˵ľ_Ϳ
3.1 g(sh)(jng)ָ˵ľ_
ɼg(sh)ĽY(ji)ϱ˾a(chn)g(sh)MˮƽͽČHr^Mĸa(chn)Ʒ(jng)Ӌָ(jng)a(chn)O(jin)ɹ˾_܇gP(gun)҈(zh)С
g(sh)đKȫ˾g(sh)(jng)ָrg(sh)Ya(chn)O(jin)ͬra(chn)܇gؔƄӺͼӏˇg(sh)ָ
3.2 g(sh)(jng)ָ˵Ŀ
Mˎȡ^ȡЧĴʩg(sh)ָ˺ͽ(jng)ָMзͿһزٵĭh(hun)(ji)@һh(hun)(ji)I(y)@øߵĽ(jng)ЧdzҪԹ˾ؔչˆTҪڌ܇gČHMЙzͿˣͬr߀Ҫ(j)܇gČHrȡЧĴʩMЪߑP@N߸܇gĹeOʮҪxͬr@һ^Ҳ˹˂ĹЧI(y)˸ߵĽ(jng)Ч档
3.3 ͬƷNS֮gļg(sh)(jng)ָ˷
g(sh)đŬcʡ(ni)ͬƷNͬa(chn)S֮g()ļg(sh)(jng)ָrYϷӣY(ji)(jng)WMJRsĿˣ߱˾g(sh)(jng)ָMˮƽ
ͬƷNS֮gļg(sh)(jng)ָ˷cg(sh)ӽY(ji)һM
4҇ˎˎg(sh)l(f)չ
ˎˎg(sh)İl(f)չzWȌWƼg(sh)_ذl(f)չˎˎg(sh)߀\g(sh)Mˎ
t(y)ˎg(sh)Ҳδ҇ˎˎg(sh)l(f)չҪ
\g(sh)Mt(y)ˎܺõĽQˎˎеļc}Ҳʹa(chn)w܉ķʽμίЧѡ
t(y)ˎg(sh)Mˎаl(f)ca(chn)Ҳڜp٭h(hun)ȾoȻB(ti)ҪƄx҇ɳm(x)l(f)չ(zhn)еP(gun)l(f)չԭt
ͬrN¼g(sh)ijF(xin)ˎ_l(f)
ӋCģMͷӈD̎g(sh)(ԭ@R|(zh)ֹx͒̽y@R)Y(ji)Ͽ^m(x)OӋضԵķӵɞˎоˎOӋĵ
ˎcʹԓˎϵy(tng)õģMˎЧˎﰲȫɞԽԽõĹ
ЩҪˎ̵İl(f)չõǰδеMǾwl(f)չF(xin)߀
ڽЩNˎﰲȫ}rаl(f)oˎИI(y)İl(f)չ(zhn)ͬrҲɞoˎˇṩµęC
Ŀǰ(ni)ƳĸNֻҪߺm҇ˎИI(y)İl(f)չ@ʹИI(y)ӭ˰l(f)չC
ˎȡˇУ҇OӋg(sh)ԼO䶼õMһusСc֮gIJ࣬҇ˎ̵İl(f)չˈԌՓA
5Y(ji)Z
֮҇ˎđcо^ܸNصƣl(f)չˮƽ߀cMˮƽ
܉҇ˎa(chn)g(sh)ˇˮƽ҂Ҫӏ⣬߀ԓĸMˎOüg(sh)(jng)ָ˵ľƣl(f)չƼˎa(chn)ˮƽĶCˎˎ|(zh)M҇ˎa(chn)a(chn)I(y)õİl(f)չ
īI
[1] Ah.\P(gun)ˎOĹ[J].ƼYӍ.2006(07).
[2] K.ˎȫ]a(chn)ϵy(tng)̽ӑ[J].ƼϢ.2009(24).
ԿƮI(y)Փ ƪ2
ָһM^MеĸNMf(xi){(dio)O(jin)ȻӵĿQ҂ͨ^Փāw˽һ
ժҪI(y)λҪ΄ɇҙCP(gun)ĹͰl(f)չI(y)I(y)λă(ni)ָҪͨ^ӋÕӋϢI(y)λ헻Mеָ{(dio)(ji)sʹMȻ,I(y)λĹЧʺЧʡI(y)λI(y)λƃ(ni)Ӌƶӏ(ni)ӋO(jin)ؔLUoYa(chn)YİȫЧʹ@ȞкҪĿǰ҇I(y)λ(ni)ӋƺLUwϵT}
P(gun)I~I(y),(ni),LU
(ni)ƶǬF(xin)ՓҪMɲdžλ˱CϢ|(zh)挍ɿo(jng)IYa(chn)ȫ߽(jng)IЧMɡҎ(gu)܉õЧѭɆλӼTͬO(jin)ʩһ(qun)؟ƺӑB(ti)MĹ^I(y)λă(ni)һ헲ꐳ¡ضhĹ(ni)ǷîֱӰ푵I(y)λĹЧʺЧʣǬF(xin)(jng)IҪֶI(y)λ(ni)ƵĻĿǴ_I(y)λYİȫ\YʹЧφλĺϷҎ(gu)Ya(chn)ȫؔՈ漰P(gun)Ϣ挍
һ(ni)Ƶc
I(y)λ(ni)ƶȽOԽ(jng)ЧǰᣬԷչĿˁOӋͽO(ni)ƶI(y)λĽMY(ji)(gu)TOáܙ(qun)ȕܵƶȺҎ(gu)ļs(ni)ƶȽOĿgI(y)fҪСI(y)λYԴYY(ji)(gu)Ӌ̎ȷcI(y)ܴą^(q)e(ni)ƶȽOă(ni)
I(y)λ(ni)ƵĬF(xin)
1(ni)R(ni)Rǃ(ni)h(hun)еһҪ(ni)ݣõă(ni)RǴ_(ni)ƶȵԽȫ͌ʩҪCЩe`J飬(ni)ƶȾǽ]JR(ni)ƶһNI(y)\^Эh(hun)h(hun)۵ĄӑB(ti)O(jin)CƣҲ]RߺP(gun)I(y)ղTڃ(ni)^БГ؟HHу(ni)Ʈϼ¼ĹֶеĆλƶ(ni)ƶȕrճհø\hЌHǸ(j)λF(xin)ڵČHS߾͵ͣڬF(xin)(ni)ƶȸԓе
2(ni)ƶȲȫֹ҇߀ȱһI(y)λ֮Чă(ni)ָҎ(gu)ҲI(y)λY(ji)I(y)c͕rg(jng)оOӋһϵy(tng)Ҏ(gu)ă(ni)ƶwϵHϴI(y)λ]Еĵă(ni)ƶȣֻһؔ(jng)Ҏ(gu)ƶȴ(ni)ƶ{(jng)ԺοƣH_֧˜ʼƣI(y)̿^ںF(xin)}rȱy(tng)һҎ(gu)̎(j)͘˜
3ӋA(j)҇ӋҎ(gu)ӋˆTȡÕӋĘI(y)YCΆλӋC(gu)ؓ؟˵ģ@ÕӋĘI(y)YC߀횾߂ӋόI(y)g(sh)YӋ3Ͻ(jng)vȻĿǰ҇eI(y)λؔչֻɲ߂AӋ֪RkˆT֪ؔR͌I(y)܅TI(y)|(zh)^`ؔ(jng)Ҏ(gu)``oОȱe;ܽ^@ЩλؔˆT߀m(ni)ƵҪɆλ(ni)ƶȈ(zh)(ni)Ч^
4ASTAĸMAƵõһ̶ȼӏ^ҪF(xin)飺һA㾎߀^ֲڡĿǰTAľһԸ(j)ؔr֧Aλc͘I(y)Mк˶ֶ߀]мwĿA֧_PMк˶ҪAԲAӋƌWԲA{(dio)^lYʹȱAҊAļs
5O(jin)˙CƲλ(ni)Ӌǃ(ni)ƶһɻȱҪMɲҲnjF(xin)(ni)Ŀ˵ҪֶΡmȻĿǰλԼă(ni)ӋT(ni)ӋˆTһؔˆT]н_čλ؟ȱһĪؔӋTҪıO(jin)C(gu)O(jin)CƲO(jin)Hͣһ㽛(jng)헵ıO(jin)ϣȱӋλă(ni)ƶǷȫMЧıO(jin)Ϳu@һ̶ӰI(y)λ(ni)ƶwϵơ
6̶Ya(chn)^ஔI(y)λδҎ(gu)ؔa(chn)PcƶُõĹ̶Ya(chn)δܼrӛ~δҎ(gu)ӛ̶Ya(chn)~͌│ƬYa(chn)؟β_Ya(chn)̎ó(qun)؟β_OYa(chn)~Ya(chn)ʧ~Ya(chn)Ҳrаl(f)
ӏI(y)(ni)ƵĴʩ
ᘌI(y)λڵă(ni)ƵIJԓքeԸMքeǣ(ni)Rȫ(ni)ƶÕӋAƲTAƶӏ(ni)ӋO(jin)Ϳˡwʩ£
1աӋ͡(ni)ӋƻҎ(gu)Ҏ(gu)λؓ؟džλؔcӋĵһ؟wλؔՕӋ挍Լ(ni)ƶȵĺЧؓҪ؟ͨ^ؔTMλؓ؟MӖWԼλؔղTճmrȶNʽʹλؓ؟_ؔՕӋ̓(ni)ƶȽOġһ؟wRҕ(ni)ӋƶȽO(chung)õă(ni)ƭh(hun)
2AYܸcM֧NԼe`ce`֧ļmȵȽ(jng)ӵȷ_λԿصcĿˣOĽMY(ji)(gu)_JP(gun)ĹܺP(gun)ϵÿM؟Ι(qun)_ڙ(qun)ͷ؟εķOˣҕڙ(qun)؟ελ؟(qun)ȣӽMĿRӏλ(ni)ƶȣȫڙ(qun)ʿƺշxƶھwI(y)շֹϣһTһһ험I(y)յȫ^TˆTcc֮㕽ӵIJTԄӵ،ǰɹ_MЙz
3Գֲx_ݙC(gu)͍λ֮gȫ؟ƼsO(jin)ĶAl(f)e`ͱˣδȻԱCӋӛ䛵挍cJץÕӋAҎ(gu)ʹӋI(y)̎Ҏ(gu)˜ʻӋm(x)c؟ĬF(xin)l(f)ǽƵ`Ӌ̎ՕӋ̎ĕӋĿOáӋ{CČ˂fӋķӋ~Ocӛ~Ҫȃ(ni)ͨ^Ӌ̎m(x)ƺ͏ͺ˿Ƶȴʩ_ӋϢ挍ԡrԺLJ(ni)ˌƶɵĽ(jng)I(y)ӛMЏͲˌǏ(ni)ƶȵһ헻ʩǿӛʹ_ɿҪӋͲˌҪA㡢(jng)I(y)յĺϷӋYϵĺϷ挍Ժؔa(chn)YȫԵȷԿ
4ƲTAƶҪMһUTAķTλȫ֧ؔ헾{벿TAČʩA{(dio)ӳ̶ȣnjTAcλ(ni)؟AЙCY(ji)AλҪRƶkƼwОİl(f)ץÌYʹúؔڙ(qun)֧YĹؔYʹЧʵȡؔYŲÌYŲÌYSAԼռСƉļwYa(chn)ԼؔwƸĸҪՈʹؔYȆ}ҪԽQ
5I(y)λҪ߃(ni)ӋC(gu)Ӵ(qun)Ժͪ(ni)λMи헌Ӌλă(ni)ƶOӋЧ䌍ʩЧ̶url(f)F(xin)}rmؔƶȽȫӋҎ(gu)(ni)ӋˆTҪ|(zh)ӋI(y)|(zh)ӋҎ(gu)|(zh)Rӏۙ䌍ӋQӋҊͨ^(ni)Ӌӏ(ni)Ӌ߆λ헹ˮƽ
LUɓpʧͻy(tng)ܕӋλLUǕӋLUҪ(ni)ݡ҂r̰ѷLUλJRLURҪЧLUwϵЧԓӋλIJLU˼ӏI(y)λؔչҎ(gu)֧О飬֧ؔؔYʹЧĿǰȫֵ^(q)I(y)λ˕ӋкI(y)λЕӋкҪˮI(y)ƺͶˍMƃɷNI(y)ղģʽ
Y(ji)Փ
I(y)λӋLUıF(xin)ʽNӣɵԭҲஔsI(y)λӋLUҪF(xin)ׂ棺h(hun)(ji)cY(ji)h(hun)(ji)LUؔս(jng)IcQh(hun)(ji)LUƶcT|(zh)LUcwLUCI(y)λӋLUķNNF(xin)ʽI(y)λӋLUׂ֣ĸF(xin)зɢ͵ĕӋwµļ(qun)͕Ӌwϵλ(ni)ƶȺⲿO(jin)CƽOƕӋϢ¶ƶ.ߕӋϢ¶|(zh)ӴT|(zh)ĽӖ
īI
1 . I(y)(ni)Փc̽ӑ[J]. (jng)cƼ,2013,14:53-54.
2 IJ. I(y)Ӌ(ni)Ɯ\[J]. Ƽ(chung)c,2013,24:256.
3 ־,S־ϼ. ̘҇I(y)yЃ(ni)ƈ(zh)Ӱ،Cо[J]. ڱO(jin)о,2012,08:86-110.
4 ,ʢir,s. ӱʡй˾(ni)Ϣ¶F(xin)ch[J]. I(y)(jng),2012,10:169-172.
5 . ՓI(y)(ni)ƵLUC[J]. I(y)(jng),2012,03:52-55.
ԿƮI(y)Փ ƪ3
һRψԳˎWY(ji)ϵķ
ˎMʹõ^̮У{(dio)ǸNˎﰴվʹP(gun)ϵ֮gĹЧwP(gun)ϵǷdz_̎ͻߙCw"C"a(chn)ȵİl(f)]ίˎڌMrʹǻW|(zh)MбAԻܽȵȵ;ڌЧԼʹҎ(gu)ɵı棬tԬF(xin)ƌWAͨ^t(y)ˎWg(sh)Z_Ŀĵָ˷Ѫָ˵İѪָ࣬˷D(zhun)ø½ȵˎ֮ˎoՓچΪʹûʹõ^ЌڻߵęCwڸ헌ָ׃ᘌeMʹõĕrNˎ֮gP(gun)(lin)wԛ]ˎ̎ǘӵ@@Ny(tng)һԵIJeQR挦ڃߵĽY(ji)φ}ҪM̽ӑDz܉Y(ji)ʹ@Ҫ@֮gDzǴһͬĻA
(jng)^˲R̽҂J@ͬAǴڵġҪıF(xin):|(zh)A:oՓˎ߀ˎȻĮa(chn)Լ˹ϳɮa(chn)ķքe;ҲwԼą^(q)eڱ|(zh)ρfĽMɲֶǻӣ@ҲfˎڙCwl(f)]܉ίЧС|(zh)Ԫǻ@Щ܉džһķNҲ܉ǶNϰl(f)]õ;ԻA:oՓˎ߀ˎRҪÌ˵wͨ^ߵęCwxMаl(f)ӰMڌߵԼȶĠrMи׃K_ίá
@ǶȁM˼ˎWˎܡЧԼʹҎ(gu)䌍܉ͨ^ͬg(sh)ZMб_ͨ^RĽ(jng)܉_ĽY(ji)Ͻy(tng)һmȻɷNt(y)ˎWՓwϵˎˎҎ(gu)ɿܴ.e䌍Rѽ(jng)l(f)˺LĕrgǾǃɂNˎͬrһߵRһЩԃˎMȻoMί;еt(y)߀t(y)ɂt(y)քeõ̎ȻһͬʹáˎĺҪMДԒt(y)Ľ(jng)Ҫt(y)ˎWY(ji)֮P(gun)˜ʁ
ˎWY(ji)Ҫt(y)W繤ߵĹͬŬ
҂֪ˎWĽY(ji)߀нy(tng)һҪՓA߀кă(ni)t(y)ˎWՓԼˎWĻ(ni)Փ䌍@ѽ(jng)õCҪRβ܉õČ䑪mȻǰҲвt(y)ԺR治Čt(y)ˎWĽY(ji)M̽@@ȻҪ(jng)^L̽`܉õ_@ӵĿʹt(y)ˎW܉õl(f)չƣԓRᳫˎWǶWƵĹߵˎԼˎY(ji)ϵI(lng)Mоt(y)ˎWĽY(ji)߀нy(tng)һ^̮t(y)ˎWՓָt(y)ˎWft(y)ˎWY(ji)wϵõһ@t(y)ˎWԼWƵĹо^ҪJR_һ£a(chn)Ҫ]Լu[ڑt(y)ˎWRеĕrԓ@Wڵă(yu)߀ȱͬr֪RY(ji)(gu)ڵIJҲҪJR
Y(ji)Z
Rõĕrɴt(y)W֮gă(yu)ԼȱcҪMaáһΕrg֮ˎWĬF(xin)ƌWMԽԽˎW֮gĽY(ji)ҲиõںϲE֮gĽY(ji)Ϻͽy(tng)һԽԽڑõĕrҪ҂עt(y)ˎWԬF(xin)ĿƌW鱾ՓAt(y)ˎWڬF(xin)ƌWѽ(jng)ȫõwF(xin)ҪȫČF(xin)t(y)ˎĬF(xin)ƌWHHt(y)ˎWP(gun)֪R߀мg(sh)MDzF(xin)ԓҪȵîǰĶTW֪RͬMt(y)ˎWĽY(ji)ʹ֮Rđ܉ӵ
ԿƮI(y)Փ ƪ4
t(y)WTn̽̌Wĸ
ժҪ:M̥Wnt(y)WI(y)ĻAṇňՓn̵o÷dzҪоҪ^(q)eڂy(tng)Č̌WģʽĽ̎W̌Wֶ˷ʽȷMЌn̵ĸĸͨ^ĸߌWWdȤcͬrڽM̥WĽMY(ji)(gu)܉и˽⡣
P(gun)I~:t(y)W;;n;̌W;ĸ;M̥W
t(y)WTČncĿČn̲ͬҪõw˱M̥WDŽt(y)WI(y)ҪI(y)AnҪΑB(ti)Wn֮һDŽʌWă(ni)ڽ̌W^УͨՓn̺͌`ñɲͨ^Փn̵vʹWÿٽMΑB(ti)գn̄tnjՓnWă(ni)MͨČn̶Փn̵oM̥WnһT`|(zh)nňW֪RշdzҪͬrM̥W^ΑB(ti)W(sh)ĸǏľwĽMΑB(ti)ͽY(ji)(gu)г̫מWͽܣ@ҪMWČnҪOӋ`̌WWӛ͌WȌWЧ
1y(tng)ĽM̥W̌Wʽ
y(tng)Č̌WģʽͨԽ̎{(dio)̎λԽ̎vڞW^oWս̎ҪMЌn̵ČWڽ̎vһn̵Ľ̌W(ni)̌WҪɌWʹ@RMƬ˱^@ŇWʽ麆Ҳ鳣õ@ŇWܳ{(dio)ӌWğͷeOWˮһ̎Ҫ^Ƭͨ^^^쵽Ƭ˱Ĵ½Y(ji)(gu)ڼMLDLDY(ji)o̎z@NģʽWֻDZӵذս̎ʾָ͌ă(ni)ɺf^쵽Ę˱{(dio)ӌW^܄Ժ͌W̎Wn̵cKֻͨ^WύLDД@N½̎(j)WLDrMe`ДՓn̵ʮֲġ
2ĸnģʽӏ`B(yng)
ᘌڂy(tng)ĽM̥W̌WʽıͬrN˲|(zh)B(yng)ĸҪ͌˲B(yng)|(zh)ߵҪ1Όn̽̌Wĸoo@ߌWĄ`Ҫ̌Wĸ(ni)ݰׂ
21nOøĸ
M̥WΑB(ti)J֪ṇՓ̌W͌`̌WҪnһӣՓňWr`ňWr٣n̵Dz`n̽̌WTn̵Ľ̌W|(zh)ȞҪ;ˣԴ^nO÷͑{(dio)Փn̺͌n̵ıߌn̵nr(sh)Ч^ֻҪFĥᘡ{(dio)nr(sh)Чġ
22Ľָ̎ĸ
̎nõҪԁfӹɵMn̽̌WĸҪĽ̎{(dio)ӽ̎ķeOl(f)]̎^܄R̎Ìn̸ĸfȞҪĽ̎Ҫ̎nҪ@Щ֪Rͨ^Nӵ;oWʹW܉ܲ⣬a(chn)ČWdȤWa(chn)dȤȻ(j)ԼdȤȥWȥھĶ_Ҫȥ̎ҪnӋҪWMnǰAՓnM֪MеĘ˱^Щ(ni)?wΑB(ti)Y(ji)(gu)ӵ?ЩԵĽY(ji)(gu)?@ЩnrMᆖĶ֪WǷMAՓ̶Ρ@ӾͱnĕrҪռһWrWvn(ni)ݼMв˱ƬӵҪΑB(ti)Y(ji)(gu)ʲôȵWյĿ϶ҪȽ̎VӡҲʹWa(chn)ه2ݡĽ̎߀ҪnϽ̎ҪWMSָF(xin)̎һƬӽoWWԼҽ̎ҲrWָһҪwF(xin)ָԼWWȫه̎ҕߌՄՓ֪R⡣Ľ̎Ҫ̎ҪWMЇҪ̎ҪɌWҕnJ錍n̿пɟoɌWՓp`ץÌW˼D(zhun)׃Ǹ
23ČWָĸ
̎n̜ʂٳֶ֣ʽٶҲҪЌWϡČWҪČW˼ČW^Џص׃Փp`˼W˽M̥WnһT`Ժnͨ^nM얹̣tՓ֪wĽY(ji)(gu)ʲôӵvĤĽY(ji)(gu)rfɰAһͨ^R^죬ȫ@Ԓ˼ʲôɴˌW֪ԌňՓo_dzҪW˽ƽrWԇrͻrڽM̥WnвͨġֻҪW˼ҕˣټϽ̎'ֶָλ̌WWĄֲȻMn̽̌Wˡ
24ֶλ̌Wĸ
F(xin)ڵČW^Ϣըĕr̎vĸ֪Rʴ_cWְ̾̈́ٶʹԭʼnʽݱ؛]ʹWͬrM̥WnдڴĈDƬҪW˽3ˣڽM̥WČnбҪʹìF(xin)ļg(sh)ֶSӋCռýw̌Wձ鱻@ڽM̥WfǸ̎ҪʹͶӰLMЈDƬv(ji)ʡ˴rgͬrýw̌W߀ʹӮֶӑB(ti)ʾWӛڌnʹ˾W(wng)jƽ_oÿСMһ_Xͬr̎Xƽ_ÿ(ji)n漰ƬһPPTWWnĕrͨ^Sr醻ßƬҳƬĽY(ji)(gu)cȺЌWȺ̎Ⱥ(ni)l(f)һЩMDƬ֪WĂMģɌW(j)Փ֪R̿ƕԼW(wng)jͬӑՓMDƬĽY(ji)(gu)Ҫr̎oһЩ𰸣óY(ji)ՓfДĽY(ji)@NӑՓʽͲHHnϣǿSrSMF(xin)ڵČWǡCx֡Ҵ˷NȤζԏˌWcȸЧ^
25Ŀ˷ʽϸĸ
y(tng)Ŀ˷ʽҪһʽMЌn̿@NʽȫӳW挍r;ˣ˷ʽ횸׃ȣ׃n̼nn̳ɿռĞռɿ40%ҪW˽⼰ҕM̥WncnWãݱӰ푿wijɿΣһÈ沢ȡúõijɿ̎Ŀ˷ʽɽ̎ĞWƬLƬĻΑB(ti)ȡһһĿ˷ʽԿԇ͈Y(ji)ϵķʽQWČnɿڴ^н̎܉˽WwrͬrҲ֪ÿλWrmȻ@ӕӽ̎I(y)ĹWn̵ҕ̶ͬrͨ^{(dio)W˷ʽ^ƳԭDZеČW֪Rue˵Ĉȡñ^ߵķ֔(sh)
3Y(ji)Z
CڽM̥WĽ̌W^(j)@Tnn|(zh)ڌn̟oՓǽ̎߀njWԓoҕͨ^n̵ČWWՓn̵MߌWľCόW4
īI:
1x,,ʩl(wi),ȣȫt(y)B(yng)ģʽĬF(xin)c˼JݣЇߵt(y)W,2002(1):2831
2݄ԷӑՓʽ̌WՓ͌`JݣA(̌W̽),2007(Z2):4041
3ݴt,,,ȣAt(y)W̌WĸB(yng)WЄ(chung)JݣЇߵt(y)W,2007(1):9596
4콡ƽ,ϼӿt(y)W̌WĸĽhJݣt(y)WԺW,2008,14(4):484,486
ԿƮI(y)Փ ƪ5
һӋϢ
ӋϢ:njӋϢYԴӋCg(sh)cW(wng)jϢg(sh)I(y)İl(f)չ(jng)IԼ(jng)\еȸṩ㡢ЧϢI(y)ӋcϢg(sh)Y(ji)ϵĮa(chn)I(y)F(xin)Ϣl(f)չҪMɲ
҇I(y)ӋϢİl(f)չF(xin)Լ}
(һ)l(f)չF(xin)
SϢg(sh)cӋCg(sh)Ŀٰl(f)չcV\ã҇I(y)ӋϢҲõˏV\cƏVڌHl(f)չ^ڸصӰӋϢ҇I(y)аl(f)չٶȾMչ@ͬrڇI(y)ϢܛĉŔОAεĕӋϢϵy(tng)҇I(y)δõVƏVAεϢϵy(tng)ƣ\ЧȱЧӋ(jng)Ӱ푣҇I(y)ӋϢO̎ڳAϢϵy(tng)ϢcW(wng)ðl(f)]кľԡ
()چ}
1ӋϢȱJ֪
Ŀǰ҇SI(y)ӋϢJ֪ȫ棬Ӌ㻯cӋϢһՄI(y)ڕӋϢĽO^F(xin)ӲOȱϢܛ\c_l(f)Јl(f)(jng)ٰl(f)չı£еI(y)ѽ(jng)RӋϢȻɞI(y)Ϣcl(f)չҪeOOӋϢϵy(tng)I(y)ĹcؔP(gun)TӋϢ\δֵܳգ\^ϵy(tng)Чδܵõְl(f)]
2ȱϢg(sh)˲
҇Փp`Ľ̌Wʽ҇ӋˆTϢg(sh)ćȱʧͬrȱؔϢYԴMҎ(gu)ϵķڹ^I(y)ȱӋˆTľCӖʹϢϵy(tng)ȱSoڰȫ[;Ϣ̶^ȱӋϢϣϢYԴò
3ӋϢȫȱЧ
ӋCg(sh)F(xin)Ϣg(sh)cy(tng)Ӌ`Y(ji)ӋϢ_cԵc˴İȫ[I(y)ĕӋϢױːй¶ȡ;ӋϢĂݔc惦y䰲ȫԡ挍ɿԣ@ЩoɕI(y)l(f)չɇصӰ
4ȱƵĹϵy(tng)
SI(y)ڽӋϢǞMкy(tng)һҎ(gu)I(y)ĕӋϢϵy(tng)cI(y)ϵy(tng)ķxI(y)ϢȱЧP(gun)(lin)ԣܼr˽cĶI(y)ěQcMһl(f)չͬrϢϵy(tng)ķxI(y)ӋϢϵy(tng)cI(y)a(chn)NMЧBӣ(sh)(j)ϢòrđڹĶKI(y)ϢMһl(f)չ
(yu)ӋϢOP(gun)
(һ)J֪ӋϢ
ڮǰĕr£ӋϢrI(y)l(f)չęC(zhn)ˣI(y)(ni)oՓI(y)߀ǕӋҪߌӋϢJ֪ӋϢM협l(f)չڅcЈl(f)չҪĶI(y)ĕӋϢˮƽI(y)ҪJRӋϢI(y)ϢƄӏI(y)I(lng)cؔչߵָM䌦QJϢJ֪MI(y)ĕӋϢOI(y)ӋˆTؔղTҪMɲI(y)QߵҪӰˣI(y)ĕӋҪӋϢMȫ˽գMõąf(xi){(dio)ϕӋϢMI(y)ӋϢOƄI(y)ϢMI(y)Ľ(jng)Ocl(f)չ
()˲B(yng)
I(y)ӋȥҲ(jng)l(f)չҪQءI(y)ҪӏӋ˲ŵB(yng)ӏՓӖӋˆTČI(y)Փ֪RcI(y)Ķ䌣I(y)Cͬrӏ˼ν_չ˼cv䌍Ӌߵ˼棬RĶӋߵľC|(zh)γõI(y)|(zh)cB(yng)_ӋMcӋϢİȫ挍ɿҷ棬ҪӴĸӏͶYӋI(y)nOMк{(dio);ӏЈ{(dio)У탞(yu)̌WĿčW(ni)ͬrӏУƏVWṩČHƽ_B(yng)WČHĶB(yng)һҪI(y)c(jng)l(f)չďͺ͕ӋI(y)˲
()Ϣȫ
ӋϢȫI(y)l(f)չP(gun)II(y)ҪӏӋϢϵy(tng)аȫoϵy(tng)ĽÌƹ_ϢߡʹߵϢʹðȫ;Ϣ_ӋϢȫ;I(y)ĕӋϢMмr̎ڙz顢ֹӋC©ΣP(gun)TҪӏP(gun)ɷҎ(gu)ƶcƹͨ^ɁsӋϢ`ОĶЧؾSoI(y)ӋϢĺϷ(qun)
()ƕӋϢϵy(tng)
ƵI(y)ӋϢϵy(tng)ƄI(y)ӋϢO;njF(xin)I(y)ϢҪAI(y)Ҫ(j)|(zh)Լ(jng)Iģʽ(jng)l(f)չrČI(y)(ni)ĸTI(y)Mз_TĹ؟c(jng)؟ΣI(y)ϢYMҎ(gu)ЧĕӋϢϵy(tng)ĶʹϢȫ滯I(y)ěQṩȫ桢挍ɿϢ(sh)(j)ĶMI(y)Mһl(f)չ
Y(ji)Z
CӋϢǕrl(f)չıȻڅI(y)l(f)չıȻxӋϢI(y)ϢAҪxI(y)Ҫ_JRϢă(ni)ӏӋ˲ŵB(yng)ӏӋϢİȫƵĕӋϢϵy(tng)Ķȫ桢ČI(y)ӋϢMзϣI(y)Qṩ挍ЧĔ(sh)(j)ϢĶƄI(y)Mһl(f)չ
ԿƮI(y)Փ ƪ6
ժ Ҫ
СW(sh)W̲SΨx^cqC(ni)|(zh) ҪСW(sh)Wͨ^W(sh)W|(zh)MWw|(zh)ڽ̌WнY(ji)όWcͽ̌W(ni)ݣҪWĻA֪RͻҪWͨ^(sh)WWʹ|(zh)ƺ
P(gun)I~
|(zh)
СW(sh)W̌W|(zh)OҪλ|(zh)ҪСW(sh)Wͨ^W(sh)W|(zh)MWw|(zh)J飬@P(gun)Iý̲āB(yng)WĔ(sh)W|(zh)СW(sh)W̌Wl(f)]WƟoҾСW(sh)W̌WՄՄԼĿ
һСW(sh)WĽ
СW(sh)W̲SΨx^cqC(ni).SнxՓ֪R͔(sh)W}猍`һ^cWͨ^(sh)WWuI(lng)^c֮һ猦y(tng)һ^c.СW(sh)WеĴcСc١cocȶnjy(tng)һ^cľwwF(xin)cСcmȻnj.@ǽy(tng)һ(sh)W֪Rͬ^һ(lin)ϵáM@ʹٳ˔(sh)W֪R\׃ l(f)չ.֔(sh)ߵĻЅ^(q)e(lin)ϵ(sh)W@N(lin)ϵеõ˰l(f)չɺεsɲȫȫƼİl(f)չ.֪Rĸ¼ӿoµ(zhn)B(yng)W˼Sl(f)չɞ F(xin)̌Wһ헻΄ĺ˼S(sh)Wи߶ȵijԺ͇ܵ߉SДMɵĴ_wϵ@ЩДɔ(sh)Wg(sh)Z߉g(sh)䴁߉.һЩДγµДࡣ(sh)WNS˼SB(yng)
(sh)WĽwF(xin)ڶN.ڽ̌WнY(ji)όWcͽ̌W(ni)ҪWA֪RͻܣҪWͨ^(sh)WWʹ|(zh)ƺ
|(zh)Čʩ
СW(sh)W̌Wʩ|(zh)ҪwF(xin)棺
1B(yng)WĔ(sh)WR
B(yng)WĔ(sh)WRǡؽQĆ}.F(xin)ڵČWȱ@NRҪF(xin)cÓ(ji)ڌWR֪RP(gun)ڽ.]Д(sh)WHr෴.^ǂ(sh)WH˔(sh)W߀ǔ(sh)WĚw҂ĺ߀ܰĿ쵽⡣@c҂ĽкܴP(gun)ϵĕĽ̌WՏһһꡣӂcе.ˡǧˡsһз۹PһƿϵĴ
ԭ?ȱٌČH.µ͟oȥ@ȡ@NĿ֪hȫڽϲڴSʵ
2עB(yng)
B(yng)˼SСW(sh)W̌W͌Wһ헻΄СWAB(yng)ʽ߉˼SķC^ԼДࡢ.WЗlи(j)˼};@ЩcB(yng)˼SƷ|(zh)ܲɷl(f)չB(yng)˼SƷ|(zh)ǰl(f)չB(yng)˼SҪ;оW˼S^B(yng)W˼SҪǰᡣW@ȡ֪R˼S^һҪ(jng)^֪⡢얹ĂAΡи֪֪RҪA.oWṩSĸԲȞҪ3ҕ l(f)չ
ڽ̌WкҕB(yng)Ͱl(f)չ؟oڌW֪Rl(f)չ WJ飺صĻcصĻǽy(tng)һڌWеW^dȤС־ԸʼKl(f)]ã{(dio)ӷЧĴM֪RČW
֪Roע
Sg֪RˮƽLW֪Ru֪Ra(chn)ֱdȤf֪Rì֪R_ԵȵȶWğoעЕr(ni)ݵnrr҂Wһ(sh)ĎױǶٵđ}һcf֪RP(gun)ȫf֪R֟oQĆ}n@ЩWoעЧ
mrʾԣWdȤ
SW֪R醚vSoעup@Ӿͱmrؽʾ֪R(lin)ϵa(chn)HW֪RĶʹW_WԣB(yng)WҪҪ͕ЌWdȤЌWֻʹWעϲ֪RD(zhun)xB(yng)WČWdȤB(yng)ͼl(f)WdȤOWoעĚwޣǟoעA
(sh)W֪RWǘֱl(f)WdȤ(chung)T˵ČW
Ԣ䐂֮xӂ?ni)ϵİpčWЁڽ̌WЌWгԽ̎Оԭ.̎v΄Ճ(ni)ݕrܻԼJRur͑B(ti)@NɫʕrڸȾW F(xin)Wʮ֏{(dio)gл.Ҫ{(dio)ӌWĘWwcReO.ҪƽȡѺCĎP(gun)ϵ͌WՇ.{(dio)ꃺͯČWeOԺ׃ҪҌW顰ҪWҕWĸϴM̌WЧ͌W|(zh).ʹWصȵذl(f)].Ҳʹͬrõl(f)չWȌW֪Rұ.Ȱl(f)չ֫@˟oMĘȤ.к־ͬrõB(yng)ͼӏĵԽl(f)չ
ԿƮI(y)Փ ƪ7
һСI(y)ӋϢF(xin)
1I(lng)JRδƶӋϢl(f)չҎ(gu)
ܶСI(y)I(lng)]ЌϢoҕϢM̾СI(y)I(lng)܂y(tng)˼SӰδRӋϢԞy(tng)Ӌܴă(yu)HӋϢI(y)Ĺ^еP(gun)ϵ܉?q)I(y)a(chn)ͽ(jng)IeOӰСI(y)ڌI(y)Ϣg(sh)]Ͷ̫]Ѓĸ|(zh)ĕӋI(y)˲ţôӋϢʩ͕кܶyҺܶI(y)δӋҪԼ{I(y)l(f)չҎ(gu)֮Ҳ]ƶӋϢλҎ(gu)̺Ҏ(gu)Ԍʩ͕ںܶϵK
2ӋϢͺ˲ŅT
СI(y)˹(ji)sɱƸĕӋˆT߂ӋϢʹڹиN}ٳʹI(y)J鱾I(y)ʩӋϢ߀bhܶ㻯ˆTԭĕӋ{Ƚ(jng)^ڵӖMЕӋϢ~̎^ֻʹؔܛִֹӋCIJ;SoϤһF(xin)F(xin)͟oQ
3ӋϢOɱ^ھSoɱ_
СI(y)ڌʩI(y)ӋϢrՓُIͨƷӋܛ߀Ƕc_l(f)ʽҪܛӲͶһؔ佛(jng)Чsܵò@ʾI(y)xؔܛr׳F(xin)ɷNr:һNrُIrrδ]ܛܝM㌢ӹܵҪ;һNrǓȱI(y)ӋϢđ˽xؔܛrȫُܛmI(y)a(chn)ُIMқ]ЌTSoˆTڌʩ^هؔܛ˾ʹÕӋϢļg(sh)Soɱ^
4δܳúÕӋϢ`M
СI(y)ʩӋϢĿ֮һǜppӋˆTߕӋЧܶI(y)]нĕӋϢϵy(tng)ʹÕӋϢܼrЧ؞I(y)QI(y)ҪF(xin)ϢҪؔϢ͘I(y)ϢһwؔܛһЃɷNһNMЕӋ㹦ܣһNnjؔՔ(sh)(j)ĹؔܛHVؔˆTṩ˱ݵӛ~ߣҲʹI(y)(zh)Ҏ(gu)Ĺ͘˜ڔ(sh)(j)ļrܶСI(y)ʩӋϢֻDzִֹy(tng)~]гְl(f)]ُIܛĕӋ]ЌF(xin)ؔcI(y)һwϢ{(dio)@ʾs50%СI(y)ֻ˿~ϵy(tng)30%I(y)˹Y̶Ya(chn)ϵy(tng)ُNϵy(tng)I(y)ռ
5(sh)(j)ȫԲ
СI(y)һ㌍ʩӋϢĕrgڕӋϢnȱ(jng)ܕɴ惦ӋnűP͕ӋYδܼrwnߚwn(ni)ݲI(y)]ЌTĕӋϢnˆTͿܳF(xin)ӋnƉpĺйܵȿԣʹӋ(sh)(j)惦|(zh)ĂݺҎ(gu)ӋϢİȫԾͺyCͬrNܕӋCa(chn)ϵy(tng)P(gun)I(sh)(j)GʧȲӋCϵy(tng)F(xin)ϣϢйȡܕoI(y)ēpʧĿǰ҇СI(y)ӋϢĽO߀ȱİȫʩ
ڕӋϢI(lng)a(chn)ںϵĿ
1I(y)l(f)չҵĴ֧
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