關(guān)于四級(jí)翻譯的練習(xí)題
四級(jí)翻譯（8.28）
1._______________(證據(jù)肯定早已被破壞了) completely before the police arrived.
2.Such practice of ________________(考試前熬夜學(xué)習(xí))will not necessarily work for every student.
3.George arrived at the office ahead of time _______________(只為了給老板留下好印象).
4.The resolution that ___________(他調(diào)到總部)was approved by General Manager.
5.He didn't like this job _____________(盡管條件比之前的好).
答案解析:
1.The evidence must have already been destroyed
考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):“證據(jù)”是“被破壞”，需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:must表示肯定的推測(cè)，且“證據(jù)被破壞”先于the police arrived發(fā)生，所以用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)�！白C據(jù)”的表達(dá)為evidence。
2.staying up studying before an examination
“熬夜”的表達(dá)為stay up,“熬夜學(xué)習(xí)”就是stay up studying�？疾閯�(dòng)名詞用法:空前出現(xiàn)的of是介詞，跟在其后的動(dòng)詞詞組“熬夜學(xué)習(xí)”要變成動(dòng)名詞的形式，修飾名詞practice。
3.only to make a good impression on his/the boss
“給…留下印象”譯作make an impression on…。“印象”之前的修飾語(yǔ)good在翻譯時(shí)不能遺漏�？疾槟康臓钫Z(yǔ):“只為了”的表達(dá)為only to，其結(jié)構(gòu)為only to do sth.表示目的。
4.he (should)be transferred to headquarter
考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣:某些表示建議，請(qǐng)求，命令，主張以及“重要性”，“緊迫性”等概念的名詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的同位語(yǔ)從句需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。具體結(jié)構(gòu)為（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。這樣的名詞有:demand,desire,requirement,advice,recommendation,suggestion,order,proposal和resolution等。“調(diào)任”表達(dá)為transfer;“總部”表達(dá)為headquarter�？疾楸粍�(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):他是“被調(diào)任”，需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
5.though the condition was better than the previous one
考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句:在句子中所以用though�？疾楸容^級(jí):“比…好” 用be better than�？疾閛ne的用法:句子前面已經(jīng)提到了job,為了避免重復(fù)，用one代替。
四級(jí)翻譯（8.27）
1._____________________(盡管他已筋疲力盡)，he still kept on running.
2.Many people believe that international tourism _________________________(對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有積極作用).so local government should be encouraged to promote it.
3.On my way to the important interview,________________(他所做的就是祝我好運(yùn)).
4.Due to the unexpected changes,______________(這個(gè)計(jì)劃需要修改).
5.________________(遇難者能否在災(zāi)難中生還)depends on many uncertain factors.
答案解析:
1.Although/Though he was exhausted
考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句:用Although或Though表示“雖然，盡管”的意思。“筋疲力盡”的表達(dá)為be exhausted。
2.plays an active role in economic growth/development // has positive effects on economic growth/development
“有作用”的表達(dá)常用play a role或have an effect on 結(jié)構(gòu)�！胺e極的”常用active和positive，“發(fā)展”可用growth或development。
3.what he did was to wish me good luck//what he did was wishing me good luck
考查主語(yǔ)從句:用what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)的表達(dá):可用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)�！白：眠\(yùn)”表達(dá)為wish sb good luck.
4.this plan has to be revised/modified
考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):“計(jì)劃”與“修改”是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用be done的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。修改”的常用表達(dá)為revise或modify。
5.Whether the victims can survive the disaster
考查主語(yǔ)從句:所需翻譯的句子為該句的主語(yǔ)，“能否…”提示從句用Whether引導(dǎo)，注意在主語(yǔ)從句中只能用whether，不能用if。表示“存活，活下來，幸免于難”，用survive，后直接跟賓語(yǔ)，注意此處不能加介詞from。只有在表示習(xí)慣，習(xí)俗，禮儀等沿襲時(shí)才用survive from。
四級(jí)翻譯（8.26）
1. Many college graduates find it difficult to get an ideal job today _________________(即使他們有學(xué)士學(xué)位).
2._____________________(與你對(duì)公司的貢獻(xiàn)相比)，what I have done was unworthy of mentioning.
3.Some experts recommend that______________(不應(yīng)太強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)法的重要性)at the early stage of children's language learning.
4.After supper she would sit down by the fire,_________________(有時(shí)長(zhǎng)達(dá)一小時(shí)).
5.With a lot of assignments in hand,you __________________(不該出席昨晚的閉幕式).
答案解析:
1.even if/though they get Bachelor's degree
考查even if/though 引導(dǎo)的'讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。學(xué)士學(xué)位的固定表達(dá):Bachelor's degree。
2.Compared with your contribution to the company/In comparison with your contribution to the company
與…相比，可以翻譯為 Compared with或In comparison wih,對(duì)…的貢獻(xiàn)譯作contribution to。
3.importance shouldn't be attached to grammar too much
recommend表建議，其后面的賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式為(should)+動(dòng)詞原形�！皬�(qiáng)調(diào)…的重要性”表達(dá)為attach importance to�！罢Z(yǔ)法”是強(qiáng)調(diào)的動(dòng)作承受者，需要用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
4.sometimes for as long as an hour
（時(shí)間上）“長(zhǎng)達(dá)”,用as long as 結(jié)構(gòu)。表示時(shí)間段用介詞for。
5.shouldn't/oughtn't to have attend the closing ceremony last night
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示對(duì)過去情況的猜測(cè)。待譯部分隱含“不該做但已經(jīng)做了”的意味，用shouldn't/oughtn't to have + 過去分詞表示。閉幕式用the closing ceremony表達(dá)；出席:attend。
四級(jí)翻譯（8.25）
1. Althrough her life, this woman applies herself to___________(幫助她女兒康復(fù)).
2. It needs the whole team's efforts___________(按原計(jì)劃實(shí)施這項(xiàng)工程).
3.Last week in his class,Professor Lee said that _____________________________(月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)).
4._____________________(每次他錯(cuò)過火車),he would go to the nearby bar for beer.
5.She realized her dream of becoming a writer eventually ____________(在歷盡艱辛之后).
答案解析:
1.helping her daughter(to) recover.
"專心做某事“的固定搭配是apply oneself to, to是介詞，后面要跟名詞性成分，故用名詞或動(dòng)名詞�！翱祻�(fù)”的表達(dá)為recover(from)。"幫助某人做某事"的表達(dá)為help sb. (to) do sth或help sb. with sth. 。
2.to implement this project as planned
名詞性從句在表達(dá)客觀規(guī)律時(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此時(shí)不要求與主句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致�！皩�(shí)施”的表達(dá)為implement, 也可用carry out.“按原定計(jì)劃"的表達(dá)是as planned.
3.the moon revolves the earth
名詞性從句在表達(dá)客觀規(guī)律時(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此時(shí)不要求與主句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。旋轉(zhuǎn)的表達(dá)為revolve。自然界獨(dú)一無(wú)二事物的名詞前面用定冠詞修飾，如the earth,the moon。
4.Every time he missed the train
一些表示時(shí)間的名詞詞組，如the moment,last time,next time,every time等可用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。錯(cuò)過的表達(dá)為miss。從句的動(dòng)作先于主句，主句用了過去將來時(shí)，故從句用一般過去時(shí)。
5.after she went through many hardships
after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。歷盡艱辛，用go through many hardships表達(dá)；也可以用endure many hardships。
四級(jí)翻譯（8.24）
1.Anything that goes against the interest of people ____________ (注定以失敗告終).
2. If he had not turned a deaf ear to the doctor, ________ (傷早就治愈了).
3. The popular artist said she____________________________(喜歡古典音樂勝過流行音樂).
4. The market share of DDF Company_______ (占了總市場(chǎng)份額的五分之二）in our country so far.
5. ____________ (據(jù)報(bào)道將實(shí)施新規(guī)定)by 2012.
答案解析:
1.is doomed/bound to end in failure.
"注定"的表達(dá)有doomed to和to be bound to, 句子的主語(yǔ)為anything, 定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故主句的系動(dòng)詞be要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，即is. 以失敗告終的表達(dá)為end in failure.
2.the wound would have been cured/healed
if…h(huán)ad done表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬，從句時(shí)態(tài)用過去完成時(shí)，主句應(yīng)使用would have done的結(jié)構(gòu), "治愈"的表達(dá)為cure或者h(yuǎn)eal
考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): "傷"是"被治愈"，需用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
3.preferred classical music to popular songs
表示比較意義時(shí)不一定用比較級(jí)體現(xiàn)，還可以用固定搭配，如prefer…to…，be superior to等。"喜歡......勝過......"的表達(dá)為prefer…to…。
4.has accounted for two fifths of the total
"占"的表達(dá)為account for。"五分之 二"是分?jǐn)?shù),分子在前用基數(shù)詞,分母在后用序數(shù)詞.分子超過1時(shí),分母要用 復(fù)數(shù)形式。
5.It is reported (that) new regulation will have been enforced
主語(yǔ)"規(guī)定"是動(dòng)作"實(shí)施"的承受者，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 表示將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作時(shí)需用將來完成時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不明或不特別強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，用it is reported(據(jù)報(bào)道), it is said(據(jù)說)等,后接不定式或從句。此題當(dāng)中"實(shí)施新規(guī)定"是從句，故用It is reported (that)句型。
四級(jí)翻譯（8.21）
1.Anything that goes against the interest of people ____________ (注定以失敗告終).
2. If he had not turned a deaf ear to the doctor, ________ (傷早就治愈了).
3. The popular artist said she____________________________(喜歡古典音樂勝過流行音樂).
4. The market share of DDF Company_______ (占了總市場(chǎng)份額的五分之二）in our country so far.
5. ____________ (據(jù)報(bào)道將實(shí)施新規(guī)定)by 2012.
答案與解析：
1.is doomed/bound to end in failure.
"注定"的表達(dá)有doomed to和to be bound to, 句子的主語(yǔ)為anything, 定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故主句的系動(dòng)詞be要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，即is.以失敗告終的表達(dá)為end in failure.
2.the wound would have been cured/healed
if…h(huán)ad done表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬，從句時(shí)態(tài)用過去完成時(shí)，主句應(yīng)使用would have done的結(jié)構(gòu)。"治愈"的表達(dá)為cure或者h(yuǎn)eal"傷"是"被治愈"，需用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
3.preferred classical music to popular songs
表示比較意義時(shí)不一定用比較級(jí)體現(xiàn)，還可以用固定搭配，如prefer…to…，be superior to等。"喜歡......勝過......"的表達(dá)為prefer…to…。
4.has accounted for two fifths of the total
"占"的表達(dá)為account for。"五分之 二"是分?jǐn)?shù),分子在前用基數(shù)詞,分母在后用序數(shù)詞.分子超過1時(shí),分母要用 復(fù)數(shù)形式。
5.It is reported (that) new regulation will have been enforced
主語(yǔ)"規(guī)定"是動(dòng)作"實(shí)施"的承受者，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。表示將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作時(shí)需用將來完成時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不明或不特別強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，用it is reported(據(jù)報(bào)道), it is said(據(jù)說)等,后接不定式或從句。此題當(dāng)中"實(shí)施新規(guī)定"是從句，故用It is reported (that)句型。
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