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岳陽樓記的英文翻譯
在日復(fù)一日的學(xué)習(xí)中,許多人都對(duì)一些經(jīng)典的文言文非常熟悉吧?文言文是一種書面語言,主要包括以先秦時(shí)期的口語為基礎(chǔ)而形成的書面語。還記得以前背過的文言文都有哪些嗎?下面是小編為大家整理的岳陽樓記的英文翻譯,歡迎大家分享。
【原文】
岳陽樓記
慶歷四年春,滕子京謫守巴陵郡。越明年,政通人和,百?gòu)U具興。乃重修岳陽樓,增其舊制,刻唐賢今人詩賦于其上,屬予作文以記之。
予觀夫巴陵勝狀,在洞庭一湖。銜遠(yuǎn)山,吞長(zhǎng)江。浩浩湯湯,橫無際涯。朝暉夕陽,氣象萬千,此則岳陽樓之大觀也,前人之述備矣。 然則北通巫峽,南極瀟湘,遷客騷人,多會(huì)于此,覽物之情,得無異乎?
若夫淫雨霏霏,連月不開。陰風(fēng)怒號(hào),濁浪排空,日星隱耀,山岳潛形。商旅不行,檣傾楫摧。薄霧冥冥,虎嘯猿啼。登斯樓也,則有去國(guó)懷鄉(xiāng),憂讒畏譏,滿目蕭然,感極而悲者矣。
至若春和景明,波瀾不驚。上下天光,一碧萬頃。沙鷗翔集,錦鱗游泳。岸芷汀蘭,郁郁青青。而或長(zhǎng)煙一空,皓月千里。浮光躍金,靜影沉璧。漁歌互答,此樂何極。登斯樓也,則有心曠神怡,寵辱皆忘,把酒臨風(fēng),其喜洋洋者矣。
嗟夫!予嘗求古仁人之心,或異二者為之,何哉?不以物喜,不以己悲。居廟堂之高,則憂其民;處江湖之遠(yuǎn),則憂其君。是進(jìn)亦憂、退亦憂。然則何時(shí)而樂耶?其必曰:先天下之憂而憂,后天下之樂而樂歟?噫!微斯人,吾誰與歸!
【譯文】
Yueyang Pavilion
In the spring of the fourth year of the Qingli period, Teng Zijing was relegated to the position of the prefect of Baling. The following year witnessed a great change there in terms of the smooth conduct of government and the harmonious human relations as well as the resumption of a great many neglected undertakings. Thus Yueyang Pavilion was rebuilt on a scale larger than before and was graced with the inscriptions of the poems and rhythmic prose of the Tang and contemporary celebrities. I was requested to write something to mark the event.
In my view, the grandeur of Baling lies only in Lake Dongting, which looks as if it were holding in its mouth the distant mountains and gulping down the Yangtse River. Boundless and marvellous, it presents in the morning sunshine and the evening twilight a most gorgeous spectacle. This is the general view from the pavilion, already described in full by our predecessors. However, since the lake connects with the Wu Gorge in the north and ends at the Xiao and Xiang rivers in the south, many demoted or banished officials and literati often gather here. Can there be no shades of difference in their feelings when admiring the scenery?
If the continous drizzle does not let up for several months on end, one can hear the bleak wind howling and see the turbid waves surging to the sky. The brilliance of the sun and the stars are eclipsed and the shapes of the mountains and hills become obscured. The merchants and travellers are stopped on their way, staying in boats with declined masts and broken oars, while the light being so dim at dusk, one can fancy tigers’ roars and monkeys’ gibbers. So the ascent to the pavilion is associated with the nostalgia in exile and the fear of slanders and taunts. Confronted with such disconsolate scenes, one is apt to be moved to the extreme and feel much saddened.
As for the days when spring weather is mile and sunny, nature is lit with a bright smile, and the waves being halcyon, the sky and the lake are tinged with the same hue, making up an infinitely huge canvas of light blue, on which white gulls are hovering in bevies and fish shimmering with silvery scales. And the lake shores adorned with irises and sandbars dotted with orchids are all enshrouded in a sweet and lush green. Sometimes the broad firmament is clear of all mist, a bright moon shines over the vast lake gleaming with a golden glow, and the moon’s reflection in the watery mirror reminds one of a sunken jade. And then the fishmen’s song are heard to be echoing one another. What an unbounded joy! In such a case, ascent to the pavilion gives one a broadened mind and eased heart, with credit and discredit both forgotten. Holding a winecup in the wind, one is overflowing with happiness.
Oh, I have tried to probe the souls of the noble ancients. Their feelings might differ from the above two.Why? Because they were not glad of things adventitious, or sad for the sake of themselves. Positioned high at court, they worried about the people. Banished to remote regions, they worried about their sovereigns. Thus they were carefree in neither case. Then, at what time would they feel happpy? They were sure to say:”Worry before all others have worried, rejoice after all others have rejoiced.” Who should I emulate, if not people of this type?
《岳陽樓記》說課稿
長(zhǎng)期以來,文言文教學(xué)囿于“精華”二字,強(qiáng)調(diào)知識(shí)接受,只注重把語法、文法講深講透,卻忽略了學(xué)習(xí)的主體,教學(xué)過程中缺少師生獨(dú)特情感的體驗(yàn),形成文言文教學(xué)模式的單一、固定化。無疑這樣的教學(xué)不能適應(yīng)新課改的需要,更不能培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)古典文化精髓的感悟力。因此,文言文教學(xué)必須從更高的層面和更廣闊的視角來把握,應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生在疏通文意的基礎(chǔ)上有一個(gè)領(lǐng)會(huì)的過程,有一個(gè)讓學(xué)生結(jié)合自己的生活和情感體驗(yàn),對(duì)文章對(duì)作者發(fā)表真知灼見的過程。充分利用信息資料去了解作品的本身,讓課堂教學(xué)成為師生交流經(jīng)驗(yàn)的反思過程、資料整合的合作過程。在探究中學(xué)習(xí)、在合作中提高、在感悟中升華,才能真正使文言文的教學(xué)個(gè)性化、多樣化,從而達(dá)到新課標(biāo)對(duì)中學(xué)階段文言文提出的更高教學(xué)要求和教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià):“誦讀古代詩詞,有意識(shí)在積累感悟和運(yùn)用中,提高自己的欣賞的品位和審美情趣!
一、教學(xué)理念
1、倡導(dǎo)自主學(xué)習(xí)。自主學(xué)習(xí)是建立在自我意識(shí)發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)上的“能學(xué)”;建立在學(xué)生具有內(nèi)在學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)基礎(chǔ)上的“想學(xué)”;建立在掌握一定的學(xué)習(xí)策略上的“會(huì)學(xué)”;建立在努力基礎(chǔ)上的“堅(jiān)持學(xué)”。選擇古文《岳陽樓記》的擴(kuò)展課,正是充分考慮到初三學(xué)生古文賞析的能力、評(píng)價(jià)作品的能力和認(rèn)知事物的能力已達(dá)到一定的深度和廣度,會(huì)感興趣于作品的文質(zhì)兼美、立意高遠(yuǎn),從而激發(fā)學(xué)生探究的欲望。這樣,在老師的精心的指導(dǎo)下,學(xué)生在“能學(xué)”、“想學(xué)”的前提下,掌握學(xué)習(xí)古文鑒賞的策略,達(dá)到“會(huì)學(xué)”,為今后探究古文并“堅(jiān)持學(xué)”奠定基礎(chǔ)。提高學(xué)生人文素養(yǎng),豐厚文化底蘊(yùn),實(shí)現(xiàn)自主交流、自主探究,將學(xué)習(xí)的主動(dòng)權(quán)還給學(xué)生。
2、構(gòu)建開放課堂。新課程強(qiáng)調(diào)將教學(xué)過程看成是師生交往、積極互動(dòng)、共同發(fā)展的過程。這就要求我們教者力爭(zhēng)將課堂創(chuàng)設(shè)成為探究、交流、合作的陣地。師生雙方在相互交流中溝通,在相互啟發(fā)下補(bǔ)充,共享彼此的思考、經(jīng)驗(yàn)和知識(shí),表述自我的情感與體驗(yàn)。這種自主、活潑的課堂會(huì)在豐富教學(xué)內(nèi)容的同時(shí),求得新的發(fā)現(xiàn),實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)相長(zhǎng)和師生的共同發(fā)展。對(duì)于千古詠唱的岳陽樓其資料極其豐富,不是教師所能全部掌握和了解的,充分利用學(xué)生智慧資源,鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)學(xué)生借助網(wǎng)絡(luò)、現(xiàn)代媒體參與教師備課,在廣度、深度上創(chuàng)建開闊的課堂思維空間。
3、尊重個(gè)性體驗(yàn)。教師用贊許的目光和適當(dāng)?shù)墓膭?lì),創(chuàng)造一個(gè)和諧寬松的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。給學(xué)生以思想的自由、欣賞的自由和發(fā)表見解的自由。讓學(xué)生把眼光集于作品的美感美質(zhì),關(guān)注作者審美意識(shí)的投射。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生由課本提出自己獨(dú)到的見解,倡導(dǎo)學(xué)生從范仲淹的“不以物喜,不以己悲”的胸懷和“先天下之憂而憂,后天下之樂而樂”的抱負(fù)生發(fā)開去,引發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)歷史、當(dāng)代社會(huì)周圍事的評(píng)議,體現(xiàn)自己審美創(chuàng)造的個(gè)性。
二、教材分析
《岳陽樓記》是人教版第五冊(cè)第六單元的一篇古文,是千古傳頌的名篇。不僅文采斐然,而且立意高遠(yuǎn)。范仲淹的“不以物喜,不以己悲”、“先天下之憂而憂,后天下之樂而樂”的博大胸襟和遠(yuǎn)大抱負(fù),體現(xiàn)其人格的魅力,仿佛一盞燈,至今仍給人以明示。它既是對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行美育教育和古典人文教育的較好載體,也是適應(yīng)新課改創(chuàng)建古文教學(xué)多樣化的典范課例。
三、學(xué)生分析:
初三年級(jí),學(xué)生心理發(fā)展趨于成熟,在形象思維豐富的同時(shí),抽象思維有了較深層次的發(fā)展。對(duì)于文學(xué)的欣賞不僅僅停留于感性體驗(yàn)而且具有了理性的分析與較高層次的審美。正是基于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生古文自主學(xué)習(xí)能力、開拓學(xué)生思維空間、提高文化品位、倡導(dǎo)個(gè)性分析的考慮,我選擇了《岳陽樓記》這篇結(jié)構(gòu)美、語言美、立意美的文章并設(shè)計(jì)了本節(jié)拓展性教學(xué)。
四、教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì):
。ㄒ唬┙虒W(xué)目標(biāo):
1、知識(shí)與技能:了解文章寓情于景、卒章顯志的寫法,把握作者獨(dú)辟蹊徑、精心設(shè)計(jì)的巧妙;正確理解名言警句的深刻內(nèi)涵。
2、過程與方法:在學(xué)生充分搜集、篩選信息資料的基礎(chǔ)上,自主交流、積極探究,在合作學(xué)習(xí)中讓學(xué)生體驗(yàn)探究的樂趣。通過師生交流、相互提高,達(dá)成審美意識(shí)的共識(shí)。
3、情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀:感受作者胸襟、抱負(fù)的同時(shí),體會(huì)作者的政治理想,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)人生的思考,對(duì)歷史和傳統(tǒng)文化思想的借鑒。
。ǘ┙虒W(xué)重點(diǎn):體會(huì)作者設(shè)意的獨(dú)特,領(lǐng)會(huì)文章寓情于景、卒章顯志的寫法。
。ㄈ┙虒W(xué)難點(diǎn):領(lǐng)會(huì)名言警句的深刻內(nèi)涵以及作者的志趣。
(四)教學(xué)方法:學(xué)生自主交流、師生合作探究,輔之以創(chuàng)設(shè)情景法。
。ㄎ澹┙虒W(xué)流程:
1、情境導(dǎo)入:展示中國(guó)古代被譽(yù)為“四大名樓”的圖片,配以古典音樂。以王勃《滕王閣序》“落霞與孤鶩齊飛,秋水共長(zhǎng)天一色”,崔顥《黃鶴樓》“晴川歷歷漢陽樹,芳草萋萋鸚鵡洲”的美文妙句,引出文人騷客對(duì)岳陽樓的吟誦。
2、合作交流::
嘗試以網(wǎng)絡(luò)資料豐富教學(xué)內(nèi)容,激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情、探究欲望。課堂上通過小組成員自主交流,實(shí)現(xiàn)資源共享,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的交流能力和合作意識(shí)。
3、自主探究:?jiǎn)栴}一:在“前人之述備矣”的情況下,范仲淹選擇從那一角度為岳陽樓作記?問題二:文中哪些獨(dú)到之處使《岳陽樓記》成為千古傳頌的名篇?通過學(xué)生的討論、交流,形成思維的交鋒,師生交流,達(dá)成共識(shí)。使學(xué)生能從審美的角度把握課文本身,理解作者寫景意圖所在。
4、思維拓展:在對(duì)作者寓情于景、情景交融的深入理解,對(duì)作者為情設(shè)景、緣情抒情的感悟之上,領(lǐng)悟古代仁人志士的志向,更準(zhǔn)確把握范仲淹的“憂樂觀”,進(jìn)而聯(lián)及近現(xiàn)代的“今仁人”。評(píng)論之時(shí)充分給予學(xué)生言論的自由,讓其從感性的體驗(yàn)上升的理性的分析,開拓課堂自由創(chuàng)造的空間。
5、創(chuàng)新訓(xùn)練:在蓄積情勢(shì)的狀態(tài)下,以洞庭湖、岳陽樓煙波浩渺、雄偉壯觀的實(shí)景展示,激發(fā)學(xué)生寫作熱情,借景抒情寫出自己獨(dú)到的感悟。
本節(jié)課設(shè)計(jì)的意圖是:力圖改變古文教學(xué)過于沉悶的課堂氣氛,過于固定的教學(xué)模式,體現(xiàn)新課改下對(duì)古文教學(xué)的要求,以適應(yīng)新形勢(shì)的需要。真正達(dá)到古文教學(xué)與現(xiàn)代化教育整合,珍視傳統(tǒng)文化基因與創(chuàng)新審美相結(jié)合。這只是嘗試,是一次不成熟的探索,但會(huì)促使我在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中不斷更新和完善。
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