四級(jí)翻譯的試題參考
四級(jí)翻譯（9.16）
1.The heavy rain outside __________(使我不能專心完成任務(wù)).
2.In order to control the spreading of AIDS,we must __________(不惜一切代價(jià)加以預(yù)防).
3.___________(只要你繼續(xù)努力工作),you will surely realize your dream sooner or later.
4.Please contact our customer services department if you _____________(對(duì)我們的產(chǎn)品有任何疑問).
5._______________(必須提醒人們注意防范)as the thunderstorm is coming.
答案解析:
1.distracts myself from fulfilling my assignment
“使不能專心”意即“使分心”，用distract sb.from sth./doing結(jié)構(gòu)�！巴瓿扇蝿�(wù)”可用finish assignment,也可用fulfill assignment表示，后者為四級(jí)�？荚~組。因?yàn)楦诮樵~from后面，所以把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)閯?dòng)名詞fulfilling或finishing�！叭蝿�(wù)”還可以表達(dá)為task。
2.prevent this at all costs
“預(yù)防”的表達(dá):prevent或guard against,用在must之后，不必變換形式。“不惜一切代價(jià)”的表達(dá)是at all costs或at all expenses。
3.As long as you keep on working hard
條件狀語從句:as long as引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句通常用一般時(shí)。keep on意為“繼續(xù)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“堅(jiān)持下去”的意思；“努力工作”可用work hard來表達(dá)，根據(jù)語法需要變?yōu)閣orking hard。
4.have any doubts/questions about our products
if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句:從句描述一般情況，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)�！皩�(duì)…有疑問”的表達(dá):have doubts/questions about。
5. People have to be reminded of the prevention
表示“必須”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，一般用have to,表示主觀不愿意被提醒；也可用must,表示愿意被提醒。people作為全句的主語，與“提醒”之間屬被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)�！疤嵝选钡墓潭ū磉_(dá)為remind sb.of sth.。
“防范”即“預(yù)防”，用prevent的名詞形式prevention。
英語
四級(jí)翻譯（9.17）
1.____________________(無論別人怎么說)，he held on to his beliefs.
2.You had better not disturb Mary as she ___________________(正專心于解一道難題).
3.The last survey shows that Chinese people tend to _________(消耗兩倍多的鹽)they actually need.
4.At the end of the opening ceremony,________________(大家期待你作簡(jiǎn)要的介紹).
5.The Committee made adequate preparations for the conference ____________(以便大會(huì)能順利召開).
答案解析:
1.No matter what was said//Whatever was said
讓步狀語從句:no matter what/when/where/who/which/how結(jié)構(gòu)可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“無論什么，無論何時(shí)，無論何處，無論誰，無論哪一個(gè)，無論如何”，分別等同于whatever/whenever/wherever/whoever/whichever/howver,句中“無論別人怎么說”，意即“無論別人說什么”，用no matter what或whatever引導(dǎo)。
從句中what/whatever作主語，與“說”直接屬于被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
2.is absored/involved in working on a puzzle
“專心于”的表達(dá)是be absorbed in或be involved in,后面需接名詞性成分。work on的使用。Work on意為“從事，忙于”，根據(jù)語法需要變?yōu)閣orking on。
3.consume twice more salt than
考查比較級(jí):英語當(dāng)中涉及到倍數(shù)的表達(dá)時(shí)，一般用“數(shù)詞+名詞+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。涉及到倍數(shù)的表達(dá)時(shí)，用once(一倍)，twice(兩倍)，three times(三倍)，以此類推。本題中所提示的“兩倍多”，故不能少more�！跋摹钡挠⑽谋磉_(dá)為consume。
4.you are expected to give/make a brief introduction
考查慣用句型:中文句子主語，謂語，賓語分別是:我們，期望，你。但在譯文中，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)句子是以you開頭，也就是說“你被期待作簡(jiǎn)要發(fā)言”。在很多情況下，當(dāng)漢語句子以“我們”，“人們”，“大家”等泛指性代詞作主語時(shí)，在翻譯成英文常�？梢院雎圆蛔g，通常處理成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的you are expected/asked/hoped/desired/suggested to do,較接近英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。
考查固定表達(dá):“作…介紹”的表達(dá)為give/make an introduction。
5.so that it would go on smoothly/successfully
結(jié)果狀語從句:待譯部分為主句的結(jié)果，用so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。待譯部分所說動(dòng)作還沒有發(fā)生，主句用一般過去式，從句應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)“would+動(dòng)詞原形”�！罢匍_”即“進(jìn)行”，可用go on表達(dá)；“順利地”意為“成功地，平穩(wěn)地”，用smoothly或successfully均可。
英語
四級(jí)翻譯（9.15）
1.___________(我本該將此事告訴他)，but I was so focused on my experiment that I forgot.
2.These people did nothing _______________(除了整日在街上閑逛),which causes a lot of concern.
3.Now that you are planning to move to England,you must try to _________________(適應(yīng)多變的氣候).
4.Tom is an experienced businessman ____________(從事國(guó)際貿(mào)易)for nearly twenty years.
5._________________(既然你對(duì)唱歌那么有激情)，I will treat you to KTV this afternoon.
答案解析:
1.I should have told him about this//I ought to have informed him of this
此處but引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣屬暗含的虛擬語氣，前一部分是虛擬語氣，后一部分是陳述語氣。由于后部分是過去式的`陳述句，故前半句的虛擬語氣用完成時(shí)態(tài)，表示“過去未做之事”，用“should/ought to have+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。
“將…告訴…”的表達(dá)是tell sb. about sth.或inform sb.of sth.。
2.except/but hang around on/in the street all day long
“除了”的表達(dá)是except或but,do nothing but/except后面用動(dòng)詞原形。But用于nobody，nothing,no one,all等詞后面表示“除…以外”�！伴e逛”譯作hang around;“整日”的表達(dá)是all day long。
3.adapt to its changeable weather
adapt to 意思是“適合，適應(yīng)”。“多變的”譯作changeable。
4.who has engaged in international trade
考查定語從句:待譯部分修飾businessman,應(yīng)由who引導(dǎo)定語從句。由for nearly twenty years一詞提示應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)�！皬氖隆弊g為engaged in,為四級(jí)�？荚~匯；“國(guó)際貿(mào)易”的表達(dá)是international trade,也可以用foreign trade。
5.Now that you are so passionate fo singing
“既然”用now that或since表達(dá)，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句�！皩�(duì)…有激情”的表達(dá)是be passionate for或have passion for。指示代詞:so用于形容詞前，such用于名詞前。
英語
四級(jí)翻譯（9.14）
1._____________(正如食物能給身體提供營(yíng)養(yǎng))，reading can enrich the mind .
2.Effective measures should be taken to _____________(降低不斷增長(zhǎng)的失業(yè)率).
3.__________(抱怨是沒有意義的)since nothing can be changed.
4.After supper,I always feel like ___________(和露露在公園散步).
5.To such an extent _____________(西安的氣溫降低)that people all stayed home to keep warm.
答案解析:
1.Just as food provides nutrition for the body
比較狀語從句:（just）as…意為“正如…”，表示同等程度的比較。“給身體提供營(yíng)養(yǎng)”還可以譯為provides the body with nutrition.
2.decrease the rising unemployment rate
現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞結(jié)構(gòu):“不斷增長(zhǎng)的”可用rising或increasing來表達(dá)�！笆I(yè)率”的表達(dá)應(yīng)為unemployment rate或the rate of unemployment。
3.It's no sense(in) complaining//It's not sensible to complain
It is no sense(in)doing“做…是沒有意義的”。“抱怨”用complain表達(dá)。
4.taking a walk in the park with Lulu
固定搭配:“想要做某事”的固定搭配為feel like doing sth.�！吧⒉健钡谋磉_(dá)為take a walk,也可用go for a walk。
5.did the temperature in Xi'an go down
考查倒裝:當(dāng)so和such及其介詞短語位于句首時(shí)，主句需要部分倒裝，把助動(dòng)詞移至主語前�！敖档汀钡谋磉_(dá)為go down或decrease。時(shí)態(tài)一致:主從句的時(shí)態(tài)要一致，從句用過去時(shí)，故主句也用過去時(shí)。
英語
四級(jí)翻譯（9.11）
1.You would have been better now if ___________(你過去堅(jiān)持吃藥).
2.In______________(鑒于他違背了媽媽的意愿)，his father gave him a little hard work to do.
3.The police warned citizens against keeping a large sum of cash at home ____________(以防被盜).
4._____________(當(dāng)談及代購(gòu)問題)，all students are eager to say something about their experience.
5.It is common konwledge ____________(在經(jīng)濟(jì)上中國(guó)僅次于美國(guó)) at present.
答案解析:
1.you had kept taking/having this medicine before
考查虛擬語氣:表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)需用虛擬語氣，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“had+過去分詞”，主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“should(第一人稱)或would(第二，三人稱)have+過去分詞”�！皥�(jiān)持做某事”的表達(dá)是keep doing sth。
“吃藥”的表達(dá)是take/have medicine。
2.view of his going against his mother's will
“鑒于”的表達(dá)是in view of,后面跟名詞性成分�！斑`背”的表達(dá)是go against�！耙庠浮钡谋磉_(dá)為will。
3.lest it (should) be stolen//in case it (should)/will be stolen
考查目的狀語從句:lest意思是“以防，以免”，其引導(dǎo)的從句通常用sb.(should)do 的形式表示虛擬，句中指“錢財(cái)被盜”，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。In case “以防”也可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，但從句的謂語可用虛擬語氣，也可用直陳語氣。
考查代詞it:從句中的“以防被盜”指cash,為了避免重復(fù)，用it指代。
4.When it comes to generation gap//When talking about generation gap
考查“當(dāng)談及…”這一�？脊潭ńY(jié)構(gòu):when it comes to+sb./sth或者when talking about +sb./sth.�！按鷾稀钡谋磉_(dá):generation gap。
5.that China is next to America in terms of economy
that引導(dǎo)的主語從句既可放于句首，也可放在句末，但為了保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主語，把真正的主語從句放在句后�！皟H次于”的表達(dá)為be next/second to�！霸凇稀笨杀磉_(dá)為in terms of或者直接用介詞in。
英語
四級(jí)翻譯（9.10）
1.By the end of this year ___________(這本書將出版).
2.That advantages of bicycle outweigh its disadvantages and it will ________________(在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)發(fā)揮重要作用).
3.After days of heavy rains,the sun ______________(終于從云層后面露出來了).
4.He has got into the habit of __________________(在房間亂扔?xùn)|西).
5.______(凡是對(duì)油畫感興趣的人)may get a free ticket to the art show.
答案解析:
1.the book will have been published // the book will have come out
考查時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài):由by the end of this year“今年年底”判斷要用將來完成時(shí)，而book與publish之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)will have been published。如果用come out 表達(dá)的話不必用被動(dòng)式。
“出版”的表達(dá)常用publish或come out。
2.play an important/essential role in modern society
“發(fā)揮作用”的表達(dá)為play a role in�！爸匾摹北磉_(dá)可以用important或essential；“現(xiàn)代社會(huì)”的表達(dá)為modern society。
3.emerged from behind the clouds at last
為了準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)方位，from后面可接另外一個(gè)介詞賓語，behind the clouds整體表示一個(gè)位置；云層后面。本句敘述的是過去的事情，所以用過去式�！奥冻鰜怼钡谋磉_(dá)為emerge或come out。
4.答案:leaving things about/everywhere in his room
“養(yǎng)成某習(xí)慣”的固定搭配為get into the habit of doing sth。“亂扔?xùn)|西”的表達(dá)為leave things about/everywhere。
5.Whoever is interested in oil painting
考查主語從句:Whoever意思是“無論是誰”，它在引導(dǎo)的主語從句中可作主語或賓語。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)�！皩�(duì)…感興趣”的表達(dá)是be interested in或have/take an interest in。
“油畫”的表達(dá)是oil painting。
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