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初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

時(shí)間:2024-12-08 11:43:56 知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié) 我要投稿

初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)實(shí)用[15篇]

  總結(jié)是指社會(huì)團(tuán)體、企業(yè)單位和個(gè)人在自身的某一時(shí)期、某一項(xiàng)目或某些工作告一段落或者全部完成后進(jìn)行回顧檢查、分析評(píng)價(jià),從而肯定成績,得到經(jīng)驗(yàn),找出差距,得出教訓(xùn)和一些規(guī)律性認(rèn)識(shí)的一種書面材料,它在我們的學(xué)習(xí)、工作中起到呈上啟下的作用,不如我們來制定一份總結(jié)吧。那么你知道總結(jié)如何寫嗎?下面是小編精心整理的初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié),僅供參考,大家一起來看看吧。

初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)實(shí)用[15篇]

初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)1

  一、表示時(shí)間的介詞

  時(shí)間介詞有in , on,at, after, since,during,by,before,after,until等,前三個(gè)介詞用法有個(gè)口訣: at午夜、點(diǎn)與分,上午、下午、晚用in。

  年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周,之前加上介詞in。

  將來時(shí)態(tài)多久后,這些情形亦用in。

  日子、日期、年月日,星期之前要用on。

  其余幾組常見的時(shí)間介詞辨析如下辨析如下:

  1、時(shí)間介詞in與after 的用法辨析

  介詞 in + 一段時(shí)間用于一般將來時(shí)。如:We’ll go to school in two weeks.

  介詞after + 一段時(shí)間用于一般過去時(shí)。如:My mother came home after half an hour.

  介詞after + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)常用于一般將來時(shí)。如:We’ll go out for a walk after supper.

  2、時(shí)間介詞for與since的用法辨析

  介詞for 表示一段時(shí)間如:I have been living here for 10 years.

  介詞since 表示從過去某一時(shí)間以來如:I have been living here since 20xx.

  3、時(shí)間介詞before與by的用法辨析

  介詞before表示“在…之前”如:He won’t come back before five .

  介詞by表示“到…時(shí)為止,不遲于…”如:The work must be finished by Friday.

  4、時(shí)間介詞during與for的用法辨析

  當(dāng)所指的時(shí)間起止分明時(shí)用介詞during如:He swims every day during the summer.

  如果一段時(shí)間不明確則用介詞for如:I haven’t seen her for years.

  5、時(shí)間介詞till與until用法的異同

  till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到…為止”,如:I will wait till(until)seven o'clock.

  till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。

  如:Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.

  till多用于普通文體,而 until則用于多種文體,并且在句子開頭時(shí),用until而不用till如:Until he comes back,nothing can be done.

  注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等詞之前一律不用介詞。

  二、表示方位的介詞

  常用的表示方位的介詞用法及辨析如下:

  1、方位介詞on, over, above的用法辨析

  介詞on表示一物放在另一物上面,兩者緊貼在一起,如:The book is on the table.

  介詞over表示一種垂直懸空的`上下關(guān)系,即“在…上方”,如:Is there any bridge over the river?

  介詞above表示一般的“高于…”,“在…之上”,如:There was an electric clock above his bed.

  2、方位介詞under與below的用法辨析

  介詞under是over的反義詞即“在…下方”,如:They were seen under the tree.

  介詞below是above的反義詞即“低于…”,“在…之下”,如:They live below us.

  3、方位介詞across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析

  介詞across著重于“從一頭或一邊到另一頭或另一邊”,強(qiáng)調(diào)從表面穿過。

  如:She went across the street to make some purchases.

  介詞through著重于“穿越”,強(qiáng)調(diào)從一定的空間內(nèi)穿過。

  如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.

  介詞over多表示從“上方越過”,如:He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.

  介詞past表示從“面前經(jīng)過”,如:Someone has just gone past the window.

  4、地點(diǎn)介詞at與in的用法辨析

  介詞at表示較小的地方,如家、村、鄉(xiāng)村等,如:He lives at a small village.

  介詞in表示較大的地方,如大城市、國家、洲等,如:He lives in Beijing.

  5、表示東南西北的時(shí)候,地點(diǎn)介詞in、on、to的用法辨析

  介詞in表示“包含”如:Beijing is in the north of China.

  介詞on表示“緊鄰”如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S.

  介詞to表示“沒接觸”如:France lies to the south of England.

  三、表示方式、手段、或工具的介詞by,in,on,with.

  1、by,in,on,表示交通方式。用by 時(shí),交通工具前不用任何詞;用 in和on 時(shí),交通工具前用冠詞或形容詞性物主代詞。例如by car=in a car,by bike=on a bike.

  2、表示手段或工具,with后跟具體工具,如I write with a pen;in表示使用某種語言或墨水、顏色等原料,例如:in English.

  四、介詞的固定搭配

  across from在對(duì)面 look for 尋找 look after 照顧 get on with 與某人相處

  agree with 同意(某人) arrive at(in) 到達(dá) ask for 詢問 begin…with 從……開始 believe in 相信 break off 打斷 break out 爆發(fā) bring down 降低 bring in 引進(jìn) bring up 教育,培養(yǎng) build up 建起 burn down 燒光 call back 回電話 call for 要求約請(qǐng) call on 拜訪 訪問 care for 喜歡 carry on 繼續(xù)開展 carry out 實(shí)行開展 check out 查明 結(jié)帳 come about 發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生 come out 出來 come to 共計(jì) 達(dá)到 compare…with 與……比較 compare to 比作 cut off 切斷 date from 始于 depend on 依靠 devote to 獻(xiàn)于 die out 滅亡 divide up 分配 dream of 夢(mèng)想 fall off 下降 fall over 跌倒 feed on 以……為食 get down to 專心于 get through 通過

  常見考法

  對(duì)于介詞的考察,通常是以單項(xiàng)選擇或完形填空形式考查介詞用法,尤其是幾個(gè)易混淆的代詞。另外,介詞與動(dòng)詞和形容詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配也是常見的考試內(nèi)容。

  誤區(qū)提醒

  1、掌握介詞固定搭配

  2、準(zhǔn)確把握介詞及介詞短語的基本意義和用法。

  典型例題1:Peter usually gets up early the morning.

  A in B on C at D of

  解析;這是20xx年北京市的一道中考題,本題考查時(shí)間介詞的用法!霸谠缟稀睉(yīng)為in the morning.

  答案:A

  典型例題2:-How do you usually go to school?

  - my bike.

  A By B In C On

  解析; 雖然介詞by表示“乘坐”,但是它所接的名詞前沒有限定詞,即by bike.而本題中bike 前有限定詞my,這時(shí)應(yīng)用on.

  答案:C

初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)2

  在英語中,to一詞用法及其靈活。除了常見“to do”結(jié)構(gòu)外,to還有介詞和副詞的用法。但我們大都是聽過記憶類似“be devoted to

  doing”這種所謂的固定搭配學(xué)習(xí),卻不知其中的to到底是何意。不同用法中,to的含義具體分別如下:

  1. 向,對(duì)著(某方向或某處):He walked to the school.他朝學(xué)校走去。

  2. 位于…方向:There are many buildings to the north of mountains.

  山北面坐落著很多樓房。

  3. 到,達(dá)(某處):Her long hair fell to the ground.她的長發(fā)垂到地上。

  4. 到,達(dá)(某狀態(tài)):He always tries to work to perfection. 他總是努力將工作做到完美。

  5. 至(表示范圍或一段時(shí)間的結(jié)尾或界限):The museum is open from 9:00 to

  17:00.博物館開放時(shí)間為9:00到17:00。

  6. 差,離:It is ten to ten. 現(xiàn)在是十點(diǎn)差十分。(9:50)

  7. 給(引出接受者):My mother gave a birthday present to me. 媽媽送我生日禮物。

  8. 對(duì)于,關(guān)于(引出受事者):What have done to the little boy? 你對(duì)這個(gè)小男孩做了什么?

  9. 表示兩件事物相接:The printer is connected to the computer. 打印機(jī)與電腦相連。

  10. 屬于,歸于(表示兩事物或兩人之間的`關(guān)系):the key to the door門的鑰匙

  11. 指向:Terrorism is a threat to peace. 恐怖主義是對(duì)和平的威脅。

  12. 表示引出比較的第二部分:

  My mother prefer swimming to walking. 比起散步,媽媽更喜歡游泳。

  China won the game by six goals to two.中國以六比二贏得比賽。

  13. 等于,每(表示數(shù)量或比率):There are 60 seconds to a minute. 一分鐘六十秒。

  14. 向…表示敬意:

  We will build a monument to the soldiers who died in the earthquake.

  我們將為地震中犧牲的戰(zhàn)士修建紀(jì)念碑。

  15. 伴隨:Everybody danced happily to the music. 所有人隨音樂換新起舞。

  16. 為了給(用于表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞后):The little boy rushed to his father. 小男孩向他爸爸沖過去。

  17. 適合,致使:To my surprise, Jack could pass the exam. 令我驚訝的是,杰克竟能通過考試。

  18. 按照…看法:To me, whether it’s right doesn’t matter. 對(duì)我而言,對(duì)錯(cuò)都不重要。

  以上是to 作為介詞的主要用法,另外,to用作副詞還有“關(guān)著”之意:

  1. Please push the door to. 請(qǐng)推門關(guān)上。

  2. to and fro 來來回回:He couldn’t calm down and walked to and fro in the

  room.他難以冷靜下來,在房里走來走去。

初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)3

  作狀語,作定語,作表語,作賓補(bǔ)

  1.副詞的排列順序

  1)時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)副詞,小單位在前,大單位在后

  2)方式副詞,短的在前,長的'在后,并用and或but等連詞連接。

  3)多個(gè)不同副詞排列:程度+地點(diǎn)+方式+時(shí)間副詞

  注意:副詞very可以修飾形容詞,但不能修飾動(dòng)詞

  副詞enough要放在形容詞或副詞的后面,形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。

  2副詞比較等級(jí)

  其變化規(guī)則與形容詞比較等級(jí)變化規(guī)則相同。 但副詞的最高級(jí)前一般不加定冠詞the.

  3辨析:

  1)how long, how soon, how ofen, how far

  how long: “多久,多長時(shí)間”,對(duì)一個(gè)持續(xù)的時(shí)間段提問,常對(duì)“for+時(shí)間段”和“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”進(jìn)行提問。

  how soon: “多快,多久以后”,對(duì)一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作提問,用于一般將來時(shí)的句子中,常對(duì)“in+時(shí)間段”進(jìn)行提問。

  how often: “多長時(shí)間一次”,對(duì)頻率提問,常對(duì)“once,twice,three times a week”等提問。 how far: “多遠(yuǎn)”,對(duì)距離提問。

  2)hard和hardly

  hard “努力地,辛苦地,劇烈地,猛烈地”,是程度副詞。 hardly :“幾乎不”,是否定副詞。

  3)much too 和too much

  much too “非常,極其,太” 修飾形容詞或副詞原級(jí) too much “太多” 修飾不可數(shù)名詞

初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)4

  冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨(dú)使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面幫助指明名詞的含義。冠詞分為不定冠詞a(an)和定冠詞the兩種。不定冠詞僅用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面,表示“一”的意義,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目觀念,只表示名詞為不特定者。定冠詞則表示名詞為特定者,表示“這”、“那”、“這些”、“那些”的意思,在可數(shù)的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前面都可以用。

  I不定冠詞

  We need an apple and a knife.

  我們需要一個(gè)蘋果和一把刀子。

  1.a和an的區(qū)別

  不定冠詞有a[+]和an[+Q]兩種形式,a用于輔音(不是輔音字母)開頭的詞前。an用于元音(不是元音字母)開頭的詞前。

  a boy, a university, a European country

  u是元音字母,但發(fā)音是[U(],是輔音。

  an hour,an honor,an island

  h是輔音字母,但它不發(fā)音,它的音標(biāo)是是元音。

  an elephant,an umbrella,an egg

  2(1)不定冠詞的用法

  ①泛指—類人或物。

  eg. This is a pencil case.

 、谥覆痪唧w的某個(gè)人或物。

  eg. I met an old man On my way home.

 、塾迷谛驍(shù)詞前,相當(dāng)于another.

  eg. There’s a third boy near the shop.

 、鼙硎尽懊俊(個(gè))”,相當(dāng)于every.

  eg. They have music lessons twice a week.

  必背!

  give a lesson take a bath have a rest

  教(一堂)課洗(個(gè))澡休息

  have a talk have a fever have a good time

  聽報(bào)告發(fā)燒過得愉快

  have(take)a walk have a headache have a nice trip

  散步頭疼旅途愉快

  a lot of, a lot, a little, a few, a glass of, such a/an, have a word with, have a look, have a try, have a swim, a quarter, half an hour, three times a day, have a talk, give a talk, ten Yuan a kilo

  (2)不定冠詞的'位置

 、俨欢ü谠~—般放在所修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。

  eg, a bike, an egg

 、诋(dāng)名詞被such, what, many修飾時(shí),不定冠詞放在這些詞之后。

  eg.It took me half an hour to finish my homework.

  He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.

  What a dangerous job it is!

  Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.

 、郛(dāng)名詞前的形容詞前有so, how, too等詞時(shí),不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后。

  Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.

  How nice a film this is!

  ④當(dāng)名詞前面有形容詞和quite, rather, very時(shí),不定冠詞放在quite, rather之后,very之前。

  eg.It is quite a good book.

  That is rather a useful too1.

  This is a very interesting story.

初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)5

  不定式的基本形式與結(jié)構(gòu)

  動(dòng)詞不定式指通常由to加上動(dòng)詞原形(如to write)所構(gòu)成的一種非限定性動(dòng)詞形式,但在有些情況下to可以省略。

  動(dòng)詞不定式有進(jìn)行體和完成體(如上to be writing,to have written),也有被動(dòng)態(tài)(如to be written),所有的主動(dòng)詞,不論是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞,也不論是動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞還是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞,都有不定式形式。助動(dòng)詞除be和have外,沒有不定式形式。動(dòng)詞不定式在語法功能上可作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語。

  不定式的用法

  1)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語

  Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge.

  在上述情況下,如果不定式較長,顯得頭重腳輕,則可由代詞讓作形式主語(形式主語it不可由that或this等其他代詞代替),而將不定式放到后面。如It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time.

  不定式結(jié)構(gòu)所表示的動(dòng)作是誰做的,即不定式的`邏輯主語,通?梢酝ㄟ^for sb.to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review.It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.

  在某些形容詞(如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,nice,silly,stupid等)作表語時(shí),不定式后可以加of來引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語It is very kind of you to tell me the truth.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing.

  2)不定式作賓語

  不定式作賓語有兩種一種是及物動(dòng)詞后直接跟帶to的不定式,另一種是“及物動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+帶to的不定式。

  及物動(dòng)詞+帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu):只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞,常見的有:afford,agree,aim,appear,ask,believe,care,claim,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,pretend,promise,prepare,refuse,seek,swear,undertake,want,wish等。

  He managed to solve the complicated problem.The stranger offered to show me the way.Mr.Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.

  動(dòng)詞+疑問代(副)詞+不定式這類動(dòng)詞常見的有advise,decide,find out,forget,inquire,know,learn,see,regard初中英語語法總結(jié),remember,teach,tell,understand,wonder等。

  常見的疑問代(副)詞有:what,when,where,which,how,whether等。

  He does not know when to start.You can decide whether to continue or to stop.

  I will show you how to deal with it.

  有時(shí),不定式可由it代替,而把不定式放到后面去。這可以用這一結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)動(dòng)詞(如find,think,consider,feel等)+it+形容詞+不定式。She considers it necessary to make friends with him.We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o’clock.

初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)6

  實(shí)義動(dòng)詞:

  即行為動(dòng)詞,表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞與系動(dòng)詞是相對(duì)的,能獨(dú)立用作謂語。

  它分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞兩種:

  及物動(dòng)詞是指后面要求有直接賓語的動(dòng)詞;

  不及物動(dòng)詞指后面不需要跟賓語的動(dòng)詞。

  實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用方法:

  及物動(dòng)詞

  后面必須跟賓語意義才完整的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,叫做及物動(dòng)詞(transitive verb)。如:

  I believe that the committee will consider our

  suggestion.我相信委員會(huì)將會(huì)考慮我們的建議。

  “How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里問:“這本書我可以借多久?”

  Dr. Bethune set us a good example.白求恩大夫給我們樹立了好榜樣。

  Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有許多有用的物質(zhì)。

  不及物動(dòng)詞

  本身意義完整后面不須跟賓語的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,叫做不及物動(dòng)詞(intransitive verb)。如:

  Birds fly.鳥會(huì)飛。

  It happened in June 1932.這件事發(fā)生于一九三二年六月。

  My watch stopped.我的表停了。

  She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.她在昨天晚上的會(huì)上發(fā)了言。

  兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞

  英語里有不少實(shí)義動(dòng)詞可以兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。這樣的動(dòng)詞又有兩種不同的情況

  a)兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),意義不變。試比較:

  Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻開始嗎?(begin作不及物動(dòng)詞)

  She began working as a librarian after she left

  school.她畢業(yè)后當(dāng)圖書館管理員。(began作及物動(dòng)詞)

  When did they leave Chicago?他們是什么時(shí)候離開芝加哥的?(leave作及物動(dòng)詞)

  They left last week.他們是上周離開的。(left作不及物動(dòng)詞)

  b)兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),有時(shí)意義不盡相同。如:

  Wash your hands before meals.飯前要洗手。

  Does this cloth wash well?這布經(jīng)得起洗嗎?

  英漢實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法比較:

  與漢語的比較,有時(shí)英語動(dòng)詞的及物和不及物的用法,與漢語的用法不一樣,請(qǐng)注意下列兩種情況:

  a)有的'動(dòng)詞在英語里只能用作不及物動(dòng)詞,而漢語則可用作及物動(dòng)詞,如arrive到達(dá),agree同意,listen聽。英語里這些動(dòng)詞后面常接介詞。如:

  We arrived at the railway station at noon.

  我們于中午到達(dá)火車站。(at不能省去)

  (比較:We reached the railway station at noon.)

  Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.

  每個(gè)人都很有興趣地聽講課。(to不可省去)

  (比較:We all heard the lecture.)

  Do they agree to the plan?他們同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃嗎?(to不可省去)

  b)有的動(dòng)詞在英語里能用作及物動(dòng)詞,而在漢語里則不能用作及物動(dòng)詞,如serve為…服務(wù)。

  Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.

  我們的兒童被教以全心全意為人民服務(wù)

  用于be動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。

  實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的用法:

  肯定句:

  主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+其它

  否定句:

  主語+助動(dòng)詞didn‘t+動(dòng)詞原型+其他

  一般過去式:

  Did+主語+動(dòng)詞原型+其他

  相關(guān)初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn):實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱形式

  在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的肯定句中,當(dāng)主語為非第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用原形;

  當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式。

初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)7

  一,表示并列關(guān)系的連詞有:

  and,both…and,neither…nor,either…or,not only…but also,as well as

  1.a(chǎn)nd“和,并且”,連接對(duì)等的詞句。(在否定句中要用or連接。)

  I like physics and chemistry.我喜歡物理和化學(xué)。

  I don’t like physics or chemistry.我不喜歡物理和化學(xué)。

  2.both…and“……和……都”

  Both Jim and Mary went to the cinema yesterday.昨天吉姆和瑪麗都去看電影了。

  Exercise is good both for body and for mind.運(yùn)動(dòng)有益于身心。

  3.neither…nor兩者皆不

  He neither smokes nor drinks.他既不抽煙又不喝酒。

  I like neither swimming nor skating.我既不喜歡游泳,又不喜歡溜冰。

  4.either…or不是…就是…,或者…或者….。

  Either you come to the office now,or wait for me at home.

  你要么現(xiàn)在到辦公室來,要么就在家等著。

  Either he or I will leave.不是他就是我將要離開。

  5.not only…but(also)不但……而且……(not only…but also中的also可以省略。)

  Not only she but also I am wrong.不但她錯(cuò)了,我也錯(cuò)了。

  He not only made a promise,but kept it.他不僅許諾,而且做到了。

  6.a(chǎn)s well as也、又

  We will rescue Henry as well as you.除了你,我們還要營救亨利。

  He likes basketball as well as football.除了足球,他還喜歡籃球。

  二、常用的從屬連詞:

 。ㄒ唬┮龑(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞有:when,while,since,until,after,before,as soon as

  1.when當(dāng)……時(shí)

  When we got there,the meeting had begun.我們到時(shí),會(huì)議已經(jīng)開始了。

  It was raining when she arrived at the station.她到達(dá)車站時(shí),正在下雨。588.es

  2.while正當(dāng)……時(shí),正在……時(shí)。(while引導(dǎo)的從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,且常常用進(jìn)行時(shí)。

  Don’t make any noise while others are reading.別人讀書時(shí)不要制造噪音。

  She sang while she was walking.她邊走邊唱。

  3.since自從

  It’s just a month since we arrived here.我們到這兒剛好一月了。

  My mother has been ill since I left home.自從我離開家我媽媽就一直生病。

  4.until直到……為止

  Until you told me,I knew nothing at all about it.在我告訴我之前,我對(duì)此之外無所知。

  He didn’t appear until the meeting had begun.直到會(huì)議開始他才露面。

  5.before在……之前

  after在……之后

  I’ll phone you after I arrive.我到達(dá)之后給你打電話。

  Say goodbye before you go.你走之前要說再見。

  6.a(chǎn)s soon as一……就

  I’ll visit you as soon as I come back.我一回來就去拜訪你。

  Please tell him as soon as you see him.你一看見他就請(qǐng)告訴他。

 。ǘ┮龑(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞:because,since,as,for,now that

  1.because因?yàn)?because與so不能并用。)

  I can’t believe in him because he isn’t honest.我不能信任他,因?yàn)樗徽\實(shí)。

  She didn’t come because she didn’t know it.她沒有來,因?yàn)樗恢馈?/p>

  2.since既然

  Since he says so,it must be true.既然他這么說,那一定是真的。

  Since you ask,I will tell you.你既然問,我就告訴你。

  3.a(chǎn)s因?yàn),由?/p>

  As we are hungry,let’s have supper.由于大家餓了,我們就吃晚飯吧。

  Mother began to worry about my brother as it was getting dark.

  由于天越來越黑,媽媽開始為哥哥著急。

  4.for因?yàn)?/p>

  We can't go for it is raining.我們不能走,因?yàn)檎谙掠辍?/p>

  I enjoyed myself at the party for I knew all the guests well.

  我在晚會(huì)上玩得很盡興,因?yàn)樗械膫(gè)人我都很熟悉。

  5.now that既然

  Now that he is unhappy,let’s leave him alone.既然他不高興,我們就讓他自己呆著吧。

  Now that she feels sorry,please forgive her.既然她很后悔,就請(qǐng)?jiān)徦伞?/p>

  (三)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句:so…that,such…that

  1.so…that如此……以致

  She is so tired that he can’t go any further.她太累了,不能再走了。

  She is so big a cat that she can’t get into the hole.這貓?zhí)罅算@不進(jìn)這洞。

  2.such…that如此……以致

  It’s such a beautiful place that I wouldn’t come back.這地方太美了,令我留戀返。

  It’s such a fine day that many people go to the park for fun.

  天氣這么好,許多人都到公園里來玩樂。

 。ㄋ模┮龑(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞:so that,in order that以便

  They hurried so that they can get there on time.他們加快了速度,為的是能夠按時(shí)到達(dá)。

  I hired a boat in order that I can go fishing.為了去釣魚,我租了條小船。

 。ㄎ澹┮龑(dǎo)比較狀語從句的'連詞:than,as…as

  He is taller than his brother.他比他兄弟高。

  She could draw as well as her teacher.她能畫得跟她的老師一樣好。

 。┮龑(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞:though,although(though與although的用法基本一樣)

  Although it rained hard,he still went out.盡管雨下得很大,他還是出去了。

  Even though I have enough time,I don’t want to go there with him.

  盡管我有時(shí)間,可我并不想跟他去那。

初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)8

  1.should可表示惋惜、憂慮、歡欣、驚訝等感情色彩以及婉轉(zhuǎn)語氣。

  Its a pity that she leave so soon. 很可惜,她很快就要離開了。(惋惜)

  They were worried that their motherland should be in such great

  danger.他們因祖國處在如此巨大的危險(xiǎn)中而感到憂慮。(憂慮)

  It is unbelievable that my brother should be working so

  hard.難以置信,我弟弟工作竟然如此努力。(驚訝)

  I should think your answer is correct. 我想你的答案該是對(duì)的吧。(婉轉(zhuǎn))

  2.would可用于委婉的.陳述、客氣的請(qǐng)求和委婉的建議。

  I don’t think he would be so careless. 我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)那么粗心。

  Would you like to come to my birthday party? 你想來參加我的生日聚會(huì)嗎?

  3.dare可表示“膽敢”。

  I dare not say such rude things.我不敢說粗話。

  4.need可表示“需要”。

  Need I finish the task this afternoon? 我今天下午要完成任務(wù)嗎?

  Tom, you needn’t worry too much. 湯姆,沒必要這么擔(dān)心。

  這里借用一下網(wǎng)友總結(jié)的記憶口訣:

  動(dòng)詞原形接后面,說話語氣較委婉。

  can 能力may許可,must責(zé)任或義務(wù)。

  否定回答needn’t換,需要need, dare敢。

  should應(yīng)該,would愿,have to被迫表客觀。

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞雖然數(shù)量有限,但用法廣泛。清楚所有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的表示意義,對(duì)英語遣詞造句具有非常重要的作用。

初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)9

  知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

  在英語中,句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上必須和主語保持一致,這就是我們通常說的“主謂一致”。這一點(diǎn)看似簡單,但在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中卻常常遇到麻煩。一般情況下,主謂之間的一致關(guān)系由以下三個(gè)原則的支配: 語法一致原則、 意義一致原則和就近原則。

  一、語法一致

  主謂一致的原則是指主語和謂語從語法形式上取得一致:主語是單數(shù)形式,謂語也采取單數(shù)形式;主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語亦采取復(fù)數(shù)形式.例如:

  He often helps me learn English. (主語是單數(shù)形式,謂語也采取單數(shù)形式) .

  My friends often help me learn English. (主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語也采取復(fù)數(shù)形式)

  但主語和謂語從語法形式上取得一致的問題遠(yuǎn)不只上述的那么簡單,有許多方面的情況需要去具體地對(duì)待:

  1、不定式,動(dòng)名詞,以及從句作主語時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).

  例如: Reading aloud is helpful to learn English.大聲朗讀對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)英語是有幫助的。

  What he said has been recorded .他說的話已被錄音了.

  2、不定代詞one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主語或是修飾主語時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).但none 作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù),這要取決于說話人的看法。

  例如:Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中沒人喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng).

  Every boy and girl shows great interest in this book .每個(gè)男孩和女孩對(duì)這本書都表現(xiàn)出很大的興趣.

  3、表示國家,機(jī)構(gòu),事件,作品等名稱的專有名詞作主語時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).

  例如: One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of interesting stories . 《一千零一夜》給人們講了許多有趣的故事。

  4、 a kind of, the number of等與名詞構(gòu)成名詞短語作主語時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).

  例如: The number of workers in the factory is 400. 這個(gè)工廠里工人的數(shù)量是400.

  A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.這座花園里有一種玫瑰香氣怡人.

  5、由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等詞修飾主語,或是由它們自身作主語時(shí)應(yīng)看作復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).另外,由and連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù).

  例如: On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball 海邊,有些人在打排球。

  Both of us are fond of watching football games .我們倆都喜歡看足球賽.

  A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China. 許多即將畢業(yè)的學(xué)生打算自愿去中國西部工作.

  6、有些表示數(shù)量的'百分?jǐn)?shù),分?jǐn)?shù)等后面加名詞或代詞作主語時(shí),要根據(jù)這個(gè)名詞或代詞來決定其謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式.如:a lot of, most of, any of, half of , three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of等后接不可數(shù)名詞,或是單數(shù)形式的名詞作主語時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);但如果后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語時(shí)應(yīng)看作復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).

  例如: A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday. 昨天那家商店丟失了許多錢.

  A lot of students are from England in the school.那個(gè)學(xué)校里很多學(xué)生來自英國。

  二、意義一致

  這一原則是指,從意義著眼來解決主謂一致問題.有時(shí)主語形式上為單數(shù),但意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù),那么謂語依意義也用復(fù)數(shù)形式;而有時(shí)主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù),但意義上卻是單數(shù),那么謂語依意義亦用單數(shù)形式.

  1) 當(dāng)主語后面接由but, except, besides ,as well as, as much as, including,more than,no less than, rather than, together with等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式通常由前面的詞來決定。在這樣的句子里,這些詞所引導(dǎo)的詞組不影響主語自身的單,復(fù)數(shù)形式,它們?cè)诰渥永锲鋵?shí)是狀語.

  例如: The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.老師打算這個(gè)周末與學(xué)生們一起去野炊.

  The students, together with their teacher , are going to have a picnic this weekend.學(xué)生們打算這個(gè)周末與他們的老師一起去野炊.

  我們完全可以將上面句子中的那些詞組都分別搬到句首或是放到句末去,因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)诰渥永锸菭钫Z: The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher.

  2) 表示時(shí)間,金錢,距離,體積,重量,面積,數(shù)字等詞語作主語時(shí),,謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。如:

  Eight hours of sleep is enough. 八小時(shí)的睡眠足夠了。

  Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life. 二十年在人的一生里意味著一個(gè)很長的時(shí)期.

  3) 形容詞前加定冠詞即"the + 形容詞"作主語時(shí),其意義若是指個(gè)人或是抽象概念應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);指一類人則應(yīng)該看作是復(fù)數(shù),那么謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù).

  例如: The sick here are very well cared for. 這里的病人都被照顧得很好。

  The true is to be distinguished from the false. 真實(shí)與虛假應(yīng)加以區(qū)別。

  4)由and 連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般根據(jù)語法一致的原則用復(fù)數(shù)。

  但如果在意義上指同一個(gè)人、同一件事或同一個(gè)概念時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。

  如:The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人)

  The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人)

  5)集體名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于主語的意義:主語表示整體時(shí)視為單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);主語表示集體中的個(gè)體成員時(shí)視為復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).這類集體名詞常見的有:army, class, club, crowd, family, government, group, people, police, public, team等.

  例如: The family are all fond of football. 那一家人都喜歡足球.

  The family is the tiniest cell of the society. 家庭是社會(huì)的最小的細(xì)胞.

  6)一些形式為復(fù)數(shù),意思為單數(shù)的名詞,如:trousers, pants, shorts,glasses, 等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).

  如:Her glasses are new. 她的眼鏡是新的

  但當(dāng)這類名詞前有a pair of 修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù).

  如: This pair of trousers is made in Hangzhou.

  三、就近原則

  這一原則是指,謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)常常與最近作主語的詞語保持一致.常出現(xiàn)在這類句子中的連詞有:or, either… or …, neither… nor … ,not only… but also …等.

  例如: Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. 不是我,就是他們要對(duì)那件事的結(jié)局負(fù)責(zé)任.

  Neither his family nor he knows anything about it. 他全家人和他都不知道那件事.

  常見考法

  對(duì)于主謂一致的考查,通常會(huì)以單選的形式出現(xiàn),多是讓我們選擇合適的謂語動(dòng)詞。

  典型例題:The factory, including its machines and buildings, __________ burnt last night.

  A. is B. are C. were D. was

  解析:but, except, besides, with, together with, along with, including, as well as, rather than, like等詞連接主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞和前面的主語保持一致,本題中就是和The factory保持一致。而這些詞所引導(dǎo)的詞組不影響主語自身的單,復(fù)數(shù)形式,它們?cè)诰渥永锲鋵?shí)是狀語.

  答案:D

  誤區(qū)提醒

  主謂一致這一知識(shí)點(diǎn)比較瑣碎,在運(yùn)用中常會(huì)因?yàn)榭紤]不全面而出錯(cuò),所以我們必須把每一種用法記住,靈活運(yùn)用。尤其要注意就近原則、集體名詞和百分?jǐn)?shù),分?jǐn)?shù)短語作主語的情況。

  典型例題:Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.

  A. were B. is C. was D. are

  解析:本題考查的是就近原則。either… or …, neither… nor … ,not only… but also …連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)常常與最近作主語的詞語保持一致。本題中就是和Steven保持一致。有now.可知是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),排除A和C.

  答案:B

初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)10

  1,一日三餐前:I have lunch我吃中餐

  2,球類,棋類,I play chess我下象棋,Iplayfootball我踢足球

  3,星期I go to school on Monday我在星期一去上學(xué)

  4,月份:Children’s Day is in June兒童節(jié)在六月

  5,年份He was born in20xx他出生于20xx年

  6,節(jié)日前:On Teachers’ Day在教師節(jié)

  7,學(xué)科前:I have math class我上數(shù)學(xué)課

  8,語言:I speak English well我說英語很好

初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)11

  一、表示時(shí)間的介詞

  時(shí)間介詞有in , on,at,after,since,during,by,before,after,until等,前三個(gè)介詞用法有個(gè)口訣:at午夜、點(diǎn)與分,上午、下午、晚用in。

  年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周,之前加上介詞in。

  將來時(shí)態(tài)多久后,這些情形亦用in。

  日子、日期、年月日,星期之前要用on。

  其余幾組常見的時(shí)間介詞辨析如下辨析如下:

  1、時(shí)間介詞in與after的用法辨析

  介詞in +一段時(shí)間用于一般將來時(shí)。如:We’ll go to school in two weeks.

  介詞after +一段時(shí)間用于一般過去時(shí)。如:My mother came home after half an hour.

  介詞after +時(shí)間點(diǎn)常用于一般將來時(shí)。如:We’ll go out for a walk after supper.

  2、時(shí)間介詞for與since的用法辨析

  介詞for表示一段時(shí)間如:I have been living here for 10 years.

  介詞since表示從過去某一時(shí)間以來如:I have been living here since 20xx.

  3、時(shí)間介詞before與by的用法辨析

  介詞before表示“在…之前”如:He won’t come back before five .

  介詞by表示“到…時(shí)為止,不遲于…”如:The work must be finished by Friday.

  4、時(shí)間介詞during與for的用法辨析

  當(dāng)所指的時(shí)間起止分明時(shí)用介詞during如:He swims every day during the summer.

  如果一段時(shí)間不明確則用介詞for如:I haven’t seen her for years.

  5、時(shí)間介詞till與until用法的異同

  till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到…為止”,如:I will wait till(until)seven o'clock.

  till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。

  如:Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.

  till多用于普通文體,而until則用于多種文體,并且在句子開頭時(shí),用until而不用till如:Until he comes back,nothing can be done.

  注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every等詞之前一律不用介詞。

  二、表示方位的`介詞

  常用的表示方位的介詞用法及辨析如下:

  1、方位介詞on, over, above的用法辨析

  介詞on表示一物放在另一物上面,兩者緊貼在一起,如:The book is on the table.

  介詞over表示一種垂直懸空的上下關(guān)系,即“在…上方”,如:Is there any bridge over the river?

  介詞above表示一般的“高于…”,“在…之上”,如:There was an electric clock above his bed.

  2、方位介詞under與below的用法辨析

  介詞under是over的反義詞即“在…下方”,如:They were seen under the tree.

  介詞below是above的反義詞即“低于…”,“在…之下”,如:They live below us.

  3、方位介詞across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析

  介詞across著重于“從一頭或一邊到另一頭或另一邊”,強(qiáng)調(diào)從表面穿過。

  如:She went across the street to make some purchases.

  介詞through著重于“穿越”,強(qiáng)調(diào)從一定的空間內(nèi)穿過。

  如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.

  介詞over多表示從“上方越過”,如:He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.

  介詞past表示從“面前經(jīng)過”,如:Someone has just gone past the window.

  4、地點(diǎn)介詞at與in的用法辨析

  介詞at表示較小的地方,如家、村、鄉(xiāng)村等,如:He lives at a small village.

  介詞in表示較大的地方,如大城市、國家、洲等,如:He lives in Beijing.

  5、表示東南西北的時(shí)候,地點(diǎn)介詞in、on、to的用法辨析

  介詞in表示“包含”如:Beijing is in the north of China.

  介詞on表示“緊鄰”如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S.

  介詞to表示“沒接觸”如:France lies to the south of England.

  三、表示方式、手段、或工具的介詞:by,in,on,with.

  1、by,in,on,表示交通方式。用by時(shí),交通工具前不用任何詞;用in和on時(shí),交通工具前用冠詞或形容詞性物主代詞。例如by car=in a car,by bike=on a bike.

  2、表示手段或工具,with后跟具體工具,如I write with a pen;in表示使用某種語言或墨水、顏色等原料,例如:in English.

  四、介詞的固定搭配

  across from在對(duì)面

  look for尋找

  look after照顧

  get on with與某人相處

  agree with同意(某人)

  arrive at(in)到達(dá)

  ask for詢問

  begin…with從……開始

  believe in相信

  break off打斷

  break out爆發(fā)

  bring down降低

  bring in引進(jìn)

  bring up教育,培養(yǎng)

  build up建起

  burn down燒光

  call back回電話

  call for要求約請(qǐng)

  call on拜訪訪問

  care for喜歡

  carry on繼續(xù)開展

  carry out實(shí)行開展

  check out查明結(jié)帳

  come about發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生

  come out出來

  come to共計(jì)達(dá)到

  compare…with與……比較

  compare to比作

  cut off切斷

  date from始于

  depend on依靠

  devote to獻(xiàn)于

  die out滅亡

  divide up分配

  dream of夢(mèng)想

  fall off下降

  fall over跌倒

  feed on以……為食

  get down to專心于

  get through通過

初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)12

  一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

  1、由who, whom, that,Whose引導(dǎo)的從句

  這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,who作主語指人,whom作賓語指人,that既可作主語又可作賓語(作賓語可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用來指人或物,只用作定語。

  (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那個(gè)想見你的男人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)

  (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)

  (3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你剛剛說話的那個(gè)男人是我們的'英語老師

  (4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那個(gè)兒子是醫(yī)生的男人是我們的教授。

  2、由which, that引導(dǎo)的從句

  它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,作賓語時(shí)可以省略,例如:

  (1) Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在從句中作主語)

  (2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那個(gè)包裹快要散開了。(which / that在從句中作賓語)

  注意: 代表物時(shí)多用which,但在下列情況中用that而不用which:

  a)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代詞時(shí);

  b)先行詞由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(shí),這時(shí)的that常被省略;

  c)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí);

  d)先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí);

  e)整個(gè)句中前面已有which,who,that時(shí);

  f)當(dāng)先行詞為物并作表語時(shí);

  g)先行詞為one時(shí);

  h)先行詞同時(shí)又被the only,the very,the same修飾時(shí);

  二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

  1、when指時(shí)間在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語也可做連接詞用

  I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

  2、where指地點(diǎn)在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語    Shanghai is the city where I was born.

  3、why指原因在定語從句中做原因狀語 ,用在reason 后面。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

  常見考法

  對(duì)于定語從句的考查,多以單選的形式考查學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用的能力。一般情況下,常從關(guān)系詞的意義和功能的角度考查,重點(diǎn)是that,which,who引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

  典型例題:

  You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.

  A. who B. whom C. whom D. who

  解析:先行詞person后有兩個(gè)定語從句,第一個(gè)從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因?yàn)? whom作從句中met的賓語,可以省略.第二個(gè)從句who could do it.who在從句中作主語,不可省略.

  答案:D

  誤區(qū)提醒

  當(dāng)表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞時(shí),要判斷出它們?cè)趶木渲凶鳡钫Z還是主語或賓語。作狀語時(shí)用關(guān)系副詞,反之用關(guān)系代詞。

  典型例題:

  I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.

  A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when

  解析:兩個(gè)先行詞the day都是表示時(shí)間的名詞,但第一個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,因此要用關(guān)系副詞when. 第二個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞spent的賓語,因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來引導(dǎo)定語從句.

  答案:A

初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)13

  I.要點(diǎn)

  1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

  ((1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài),常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時(shí)間狀語連用。如:

  Sometimes, we go swimming after school.

  (2)表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)等。如: The earth goes round the sun.

  2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

  ((1)表示說話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與now, at present等時(shí)間狀語連用。如:

  What are you doing now?

  (2)和always, continually等連用,表一種經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作,常含有某種情感。如:

  He is always doing good deeds.

  3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

  主要表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響,或動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或可能還要繼續(xù)下去,常與just, already, so far, once, never等詞連用。如:

  Have you ever been to Beijing?

  4、一般將來時(shí)

  表示將來某一時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與tomorrow, neXt year等連用。如:

  Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. Were going to see a film neXt Monday.

  5、一般過去時(shí)

  表示在過去某一時(shí)間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常

  與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如:

  It happened many years ago.

  6、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

  表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)期正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如: What were you doing this time yesterday?

  7、過去完成時(shí)

  表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的`動(dòng)作。如: The train had already left before we arrived.

  8、一般過去將來時(shí)

  表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如: He said he would come, but he didnt.

  9、被動(dòng)語態(tài)

  被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài),以give為例。

初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)14

  如果一個(gè)動(dòng)詞加上了ing變成了名詞,那么這個(gè)詞稱動(dòng)名詞。 由于動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞變化而來,它仍保留著動(dòng)詞的某些特征,具有動(dòng)詞的某些變化形式,用以表達(dá)名詞所不能表達(dá)的較為復(fù)雜的意念。動(dòng)名詞的名詞特征表現(xiàn)在它可在句子中當(dāng)名詞來用,作主語、賓語、表語、定語。它也可以被副詞修飾或者支配賓語。

  動(dòng)名詞的作用

  1、作主語

  1)、 直接位于句首做主語。例如: Swimming is a good sport in summer.

  2)、 用 it 作形式主語,把動(dòng)名詞(真實(shí)主語)置于句尾作后置主語。 動(dòng)名詞做主語時(shí),不太常用 it 作先行主語,多見于某些形容詞及名詞之后。例如: It is no use telling him not to worry.

  3)、動(dòng)名詞作主語與動(dòng)詞不定式作主語的比較:動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以用作主語。在意義上相近。但動(dòng)名詞多用來表示泛指或抽象動(dòng)作,不定式多用來表示特指或具體動(dòng)作。比較: Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much.

  2、作表語

  動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的`名詞性從句。表語動(dòng)名詞與主語通常是對(duì)等的關(guān)系,表示主語的內(nèi)容,主語、表語可互換位置。

  Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)

  What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)

  3、作定語

  動(dòng)名詞作定語往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途。如: a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing 。

  4、作賓語

  例:We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計(jì)劃。

  5、有些詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞 ,不能跟不定式。 allow;avoid; celebrate; consider; discontinue; dislike; enjoy; escape; excuse; explain; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help; imagine; keep; it means;mind; miss; practice; prevent;等

  6、另外還有一些接-ing形式的常用短語。 spend money/time; think of, give up, put off, insist on, be good at, do well in, can't help, keep on, feel like, be tired (afraid, capable, fond) of, look forward to, be used to, devote oneself to, stick to, respond to, look forward to,

  7、 有些詞后面加不定式和動(dòng)名詞均可,例如:remember, forget, try, stop, go on, stop,regret,, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式,但意義截然不容。 例: like doing sth 表經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作like to do sth表習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作;

  stop doing sth,停止正在做的事情stop to do sth停下來做另外一件事; remember,forget,regret的不定時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)指后于謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作,動(dòng)詞的ing形式則先于謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作 remember to do/doing: ①I remembered to post the letters.(指未來/過去未來將要做的動(dòng)作) ②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.(我記得做過這個(gè)動(dòng)作)

  try to(努力)與try +–ing(試驗(yàn)): ①I tried not to go there.(我設(shè)法不去那里)

 、贗 tried doing it again.(我試著又干了一次);go on to do sth繼續(xù)做某事(不是同一件事), go on doing sth繼續(xù)做某事(同一件事);

  常見考法

  對(duì)于動(dòng)名詞的考查,在單項(xiàng)和詞語運(yùn)用中出現(xiàn)的較多,常?嫉揭恍﹦(dòng)名詞的固定用法。

  典型例題:Do you mind_________ me with my work.?

  A.to help B.help C.helping D.helped

  解析:本題考查動(dòng)名詞的用法。Mind后跟動(dòng)名詞,表示“介意做某事”,不可以跟不定式。

  答案:C

  誤區(qū)提醒

  有些詞后面加不定式和動(dòng)名詞均可,但意義截然不容,那幾個(gè)詞以及兩種句型的不同之處必須牢記在心,因?yàn)檫@是我們經(jīng)常出錯(cuò)的地方。

  典型例題:Don't forget _____ this book to John when you see him.

  A. to return B. returning C. return D. to returning

  解析:本題考查forget加不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別。Forget to do表示“忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事”,事情已經(jīng)做過; forget doing表示“忘記去做某事”,事情還沒做。根據(jù)語境“當(dāng)你見到John 的時(shí)候,別忘記把這本書給他”,可知事情還沒做,應(yīng)該用不定式。

  答案:A

初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)15

  名詞

  名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)

  可數(shù)名詞指表示的人或事物可以用數(shù)來計(jì)量,它有單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。不可數(shù)名詞指所表示的事物不能用數(shù)來計(jì)量。物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目,來統(tǒng)計(jì),都成為不可數(shù)名詞。

  不可數(shù)名詞前一般不能用冠詞a、an來表示數(shù)量,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。要表示“一個(gè)……”這一概念,就須加a piece

  of這一類短語。要注意許多名詞在漢語里看來是可數(shù)名詞,在英語里卻不可數(shù)。如chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。

  名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化

  A.一般情況下加-s。

  B.以s, x, ch, sh, 結(jié)尾的加-es

  C.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i再加-es

  D.以f,fe結(jié)尾的,去掉f或fe,變成v再加-es

  名詞的所有格

  A. 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加’s,復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾若沒有s,也要加’s。

  如the worker's bike,the Children’ s ball

  B. 表示幾個(gè)人共有一樣?xùn)|西,只需在最后一個(gè)人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有,則需在各個(gè)名字后’ s。

  如This is Lucy and Licy’ s room.These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms.

  C. 如果是通過在詞尾加—s構(gòu)成的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞,只加’。如the students’ books,the girls’ blouses

  (另外名詞+of+名詞名詞是有生命的,我們就用’s結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系。如果名詞所表示的事物是無生命的,我們就要用名詞+of+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系。)

  代詞

  人稱代詞,物主代詞,反身代詞,指示代詞,不定代詞

  人稱代詞

  第一人稱單數(shù)I me my mine myself復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves

  第二人稱單數(shù) you you your yours yourself復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves

  第三人稱單數(shù) he him his his himselfshe her her hers herselfit it its its

  itself復(fù)數(shù)

  they them their theirs themselves

  物主代詞

  物主代詞的用法形容詞性物主代詞后面一定要跟上一個(gè)名詞;名詞性物主代詞可作主語、表語、賓語。

  反身代詞

  反身代詞的構(gòu)成分兩種第一、二人稱反身代詞在形容詞性物主代詞后加上self或selves,第三人稱的反身代詞在賓格代詞后加上self或selves.

  反身代詞的用法一種是作賓語,由主語發(fā)出的動(dòng)作又回到動(dòng)作者本身。如I enjoyed myself at the party.

  另一種是作名詞或代詞的同位語;用來加強(qiáng)語氣。如I can do it myself.

  指示代詞

  指示代詞的`特殊用法

  ● 為了避免重復(fù),可用that,those代替前面提到過的名詞,但是this,these不可以。

  this,that有時(shí)可代替句子或句子中的一部分。

  不定代詞

  one,some,any,other,another,all,both,each,neither,many,much等

  冠詞

  不定冠詞an用在元音讀音開頭(不是指元音字母)的詞前,其余用不定冠詞a.

  定冠詞的基本用法

  A. 用在重新提到的人或事物前面。

  B. 指談話雙方都知道的人或事物前面。

  C. 用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面,表示某一類人或事物。

  定冠詞的特殊用法

  A. 用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物或方位名詞前。

  B. 用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)及only所修飾的名詞前。

  C. 用在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱前面。

  D. 用在由普通名詞和另外一些詞所構(gòu)成的專有名詞前面。

  E. 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前面,表示全家人或這一姓的夫婦二人。

  F. 用在樂器名稱前。

  G. 和某些形容詞連用,表示某一類人或事物。

  名詞前不用冠詞的情況

  A. 在專有名詞 (包括人名、地名、節(jié)日、月份、季節(jié)) 、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前—般不用冠詞。但在以Festival組成的民間節(jié)日前要加the。

  B. 表示一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。

  C. 名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時(shí),不用冠詞。

  D. 三餐飯、球類、棋類、游戲名稱前一般不用冠詞。正在有些詞組中,有無冠詞含義不同。

  (sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌邊

  go to school去上學(xué);go to the school去那所學(xué)校;in hospital住院;in the

  hospital在那個(gè)醫(yī)院里

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