定語從句簡單總結

　　總結是在某一時期、某一項目或某些工作告一段落或者全部完成后進行回顧檢查、分析評價，從而得出教訓和一些規(guī)律性認識的一種書面材料，它可以幫助我們總結以往思想，發(fā)揚成績，快快來寫一份總結吧。但是總結有什么要求呢？以下是小編收集整理的定語從句簡單總結，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。

　　一、定語從句的分類

　　根據定語從句與先行詞的關系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起補充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

　　二、關系副詞的用法

　　(1)when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。例如：

　　This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。

　　(2)where指地點，其先行詞表示地點，在句中作地點狀語。例如：

　　This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。

　　(3)why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如：

　　Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。

　　三、關系代詞的用法

　　1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：

　　Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)

　　The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)

　　2.which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：

　　The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)

　　The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)

　　3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：

　　The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)

　　Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)

　　注意：(1)當定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時，who， that， which可省略，但介詞在關系代詞前時，只能用介詞 which/whom結構。例如：

　　This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們去年居住的房子。

　　Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。

　　(2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：

　　This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。

　　(3)that 作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如：

　　The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。

　　(4)關系詞只能用that的情況：

　　a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

　　He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。

　　b.被修飾的先行詞為all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代詞時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

　　Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?

　　c.先行詞被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

　　This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

　　d. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：

　　I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。

　　e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重復，只能用that.例如：

　　Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?

　　f.主句是there be 結構，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.例如：

　　There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

　　(5)關系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：

　　a.先行詞為that， those時，用which， 而不用that.例如：

　　Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?

　　b.關系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

　　This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。

　　c.引導非限制性定語從句，用which， 而不用that.例如：

　　Tom came back， which made us happy. 湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。

　　拓展：定語從句及相關術語

　　1.定語從句：修飾某一句中的名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。被修飾的詞稱為先行詞。

　　2.關系詞：引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞稱為關系詞

　　關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;關系副詞有where, when, why等。

　　關系詞常有3個作用：

　　1、引導定語從句。

　　2、代替先行詞。

　　3、在定語從句中擔當一個成分。

　　關系代詞引導的定語從句

　　1.who指人，在從句中做主語

　　(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

　　(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

　　2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，常可省略。

　　(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

　　(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.

　　注意：關系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。

　　(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

　　3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略

　　(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

　　(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

　　4. that指人時，相當于who或者whom;指物時，相當于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。

　　(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year

　　rises one million.

　　(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

　　5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語

　　(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

　　(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

　　whose指物時，常用以下結構來代替

　　(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

　　(4)The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

　　(5)Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6)Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

　　介詞+關系代詞引導的定語從句

　　1. 關系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞+關系代詞引導

　　(1)The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

　　(2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.

　　(3)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

　　(4)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

　　(5)We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talk-ed about.

　　(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

　　2.關系代詞前的介詞的選擇

　　由先行詞的習慣搭配或根據先行詞的需要。

　　(1) The speed at which light travels is 300,000 km per second. (at the speed of …以…速度)

　　(2) The reason for which he didn’t come to school was that he was ill. (for a certain reason 由于某種原因)

　　介詞可能是從句短語動詞的一個固定部分或固定搭配

　　(3) Don’t bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid. (be afraid of 害怕)

　　(4) This is the teacher from whom I borrowed the book. (borrow from…從…借入

　　注意：1. 含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等

　　(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)

　　(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)

　　2. 若介詞放在關系代詞前，關系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that;指物時用 which，不能用that;關系代詞是所有格時用whose

　　(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)

　　(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)

　　(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)

　　(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)

　　3. “介詞+關系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞

　　(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

　　(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

　　(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

　　關系副詞引導的定語從句

　　1. when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語

　　(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

　　(2) The time when we got together finally came.

　　2. where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語

　　(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.

　　(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

　　3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語

　　(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

　　(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

　　注意：1.關系副詞引導的從句可以由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的從句替換

　　(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.

　　(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

　　(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.

　　2.當先行詞為時間、地點、原因名詞時，如果在從句中不是作狀語時，不可用關系副詞引導。

　　(1)The reason (that/which) he gave for being late is that his mother was ill.

　　(2)They make me think of the happy days (that/which) we spent together.

　　(3)Is this factory the one (that/which) they visited the day before yester- day.

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