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定語從句考點總結(jié)
總結(jié)是把一定階段內(nèi)的有關(guān)情況分析研究，做出有指導性結(jié)論的書面材料，它可以幫助我們有尋找學習和工作中的規(guī)律，因此好好準備一份總結(jié)吧。我們該怎么寫總結(jié)呢？下面是小編為大家收集的定語從句考點總結(jié)，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
定語從句考點總結(jié) 篇1
定語從句考點總結(jié)
定語從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，有時也可以修飾部分或整個句子。
被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。
關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why, how。
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起連接作用，同時又可做定語從句的一個成分。當關(guān)系代詞做賓語時可以省略。
定語從句中的謂語動詞必須在人稱上和數(shù)量上和先行詞保持一致。
定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。
關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句
1) who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
(who/that在從句中作主語)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
2) whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語，若指物，它還可以同of which互換).
例如：
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
3) which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等.
例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
(which / that在句中作賓語)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
(which / that在句中作賓語)
關(guān)系代詞that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法區(qū)別：
不用that的`情況：
a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時
(錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介詞后不能用
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
c) 多用who 的情況
�、訇P(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語
A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.
�、谙刃性~為those, people 時
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.
③先行詞為all, anyone, ones, one 指人時
One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.
�、茉赥here be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you.
�、菰诒环指舻亩ㄕZ從句中
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
⑥在有兩個定語從句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行詞后接兩個以上的并列定語從句時，后一個必須重復前一個關(guān)系代詞。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.
There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.
只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況
a)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
b)先行詞有the only, the very, the just修飾時，只用that。
He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.
c)先行詞為序數(shù)詞(the last)、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。
The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twin.
d)先行詞既有人，又有物時。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.
e)當主句是以who 或which 開始的特殊疑問句時，用that 以避免重復。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate.
f)關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語
He is not the man that he used to be.
關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點、方式或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how的含義相當于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用.
例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
I'm surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem.
注意：
�、僭诜窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句中，"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)不能代替關(guān)系副詞。
如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
�、诤薪樵~短語的動詞一般不能拆開，介詞仍放在動詞后面。
Is this the book which (that) she was looking for?
名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞 /形容詞最高級 + 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞引導定語從句
She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.
There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.
There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.
as, which 引導非限定性定語從句的差別
由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有“正如”的意思。
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
用法區(qū)別：
(1) as 引導的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。
As we all know, he never smokes.
(2) as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞;若為行為動詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。
(3)非限定性定語從句中出現(xiàn)expect, think, suppose 等表示猜測、想象、預(yù)料等時。
She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.
(4)As 的用法 the same? as; such?as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和??一樣??。
I should like to use the same tool as is used here.
We should have such a dictionary as he is using.
定語從句考點總結(jié) 篇2
定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。
關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。
關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的.名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）
2） Whose 用來指人或物，（只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
定語從句考點總結(jié) 篇3
修飾名詞或者代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被修飾的名詞或者代詞叫先行詞；定語從句的引導詞叫關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞&關(guān)系副詞）；定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句（前有逗號隔開）
引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有：that which who whom whose as
關(guān)系副詞有：when where why：
1. that 與which 在指代物時的用法區(qū)別
that 和which都可以引導先行詞為物的定語從句，但是用法有區(qū)別：
① 只能用that的五種情況
a. 先行詞為不定代詞或先行詞由不定代詞修飾時
b. 先行詞前有最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時
c. 先行詞即有人又有物時
d. 先行詞前有the very, the only修飾時
e. 主句為which,或who 引導的特殊疑問句時
�、� 只能用which的兩種情況
a. 非限定性定語從句中
b. 介詞之后引導定語從句時
2．which與as的區(qū)別
as 和which 都可以引導非限制性定語從句，三種情況下只能用as，不能用which
a. as置于句首引導定語從句時（As we know,…）
b. as 含有“正如”之意（…as we expected）
c. 先行詞前有such, the same 修飾時（…such an easy question as the little boy can answer.）
3. who、whom、that 的區(qū)別
a.先行詞為those或people 時，常用關(guān)系代詞who,不用that
b.介詞之后用關(guān)系代詞whom引導定語從句
4. whose 用法
whose+n. 引導定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是定語從句的一個考查熱點，此結(jié)構(gòu)可以換成是the+n.+of+which引導定語從句或者可以換成是of which +the+n.
e.g.The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of which were made of small diamonds.
whose hands / of which the hands
5. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導定語從句的用法
a. 介詞之后的關(guān)系代詞只能用which（先行詞為物）或者是whom（先行詞為人）
b. 介詞的選擇方法有三個原則：一“先”二“動”三“意義”
I lost my pen, with which I took notes. (先行詞為pen,使用鋼筆用with)
This is the house in which he lives. (定語從句中謂語動詞live為不及物動詞)
The gas is oxygen without which we can’t live. (根據(jù)句意決定)
6. 先行詞為way時
先行詞為way，在定語從句中作狀語時，用that，in which引導定語從句，也可以省略關(guān)系詞。
e.g. I don’t like the way(that/in which) he speaks to his parents.
7. 關(guān)系副詞when、where、when引導定語從句的.具體用法
�、� 先行詞表示時間、地點、原因時，在定語從句中作狀語，選擇相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when、where、why引導定語從句。若其在定語從句中作主語或賓語，則選擇關(guān)系代詞引導定語從句。區(qū)別三組例句：
when my brother was a little boy.
b. I still remember the time
that/which we spent together.
why he was late.
c. This is the reason
that/which he gave us.
�、谀承┓堑攸c時間名詞有定語從句修飾，關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，由where引導定語從句（stage, case, point, situation）；同樣用法的還有occasion,由when引導定語從句。
e.g. I can think of many cases where students know a lot of words but don’t write a good essay.
There are many occasions when people don’t know what they want.
8. 定語從句中的謂語動詞
關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。
e.g. Anyone who wants to have a holiday puts up your hand.
Those who want to have a holiday put up your hand.
This is one of the students who have passed the exam.
This is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.
9. 區(qū)分定語從句和其他句型
�、賲^(qū)別于簡單句和并列句
It is in the classroom (where we have classes) that the meeting will be held.
(定語從句修飾先行詞the classroom)
(強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)部分為介詞短句in the classroom)
�、蹍^(qū)別于同位語從句
that she had passed the exam （同位語從句：對名詞解釋說明）
The news excited us.
that he told us （定語從句：對名詞修飾限定）
④區(qū)別于狀語從句
Do you know the time when the class is over? (定語從句，有先行詞)
Let’s play games when the class is over.（時間狀語從句，無先行詞）
Put the book where it belongs. (地點狀語從句，無先行詞)
10. 定語從句中關(guān)系詞的省略
定語從句中，作賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略，介詞之后的關(guān)系代詞不可省略。
This is the house which he lives in. (√)
This is the house he lives in. (√)
This is the house in which he lives. (√)
This is the house in he lives. (×)
定語從句考點總結(jié) 篇4
一、省去作主語的關(guān)系代詞致錯
誤：The changes have happened in the past few years make the city look even more beautiful.
正：The changes that have happened in the past few years make the city look even more beautiful.
誤：Those want to visit the art exhibition sign your names，please.
正：Those who want to visit the art exhibition sign your names，please.
分析：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時可以省，但作主語時不能省。
二、從句中使用多余的代詞或副詞致錯
誤：The compositions we handed them in two weeks ago haven’t been marked yet.
正：The compositions we handed in two weeks ago haven’t been marked yet.
分析：從句中省去了作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that或which，應(yīng)去掉them。
誤：After living in Paris for 60 years，he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child there.
正：After living in Paris for 60 years，he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.
分析：關(guān)系副詞where在從句中作地點狀語，使用there屬語義重復，應(yīng)去掉。
三、as / it / which混用致錯
誤：As is known to all that smoking does great harm to health.
正：It is known to all that smoking does great harm to health.或As is known to all，smoking does great harm to health.
分析：as引導非限制性定語從句，置于句首時，要用逗號與主句隔開;it放在句首，作形式主語時，將從句后置，中間不用逗號。
誤：Tom drinks a lot every day，as his wife doesn’t like at all.
正：Tom drinks a lot every day，which his wife doesn’t like at all.
分析：as引導的非限制性定語從句既可放在主句后，也可放在主句前和主句中，而which引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句后。當主句與從句語義一致時，通常用as，反之則用which。
四、從句中誤用人稱代詞或物主代詞致錯
誤：China has hundreds of islands，the largest of them is Taiwan.
正：China has hundreds of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan.或China has hundreds of islands，and the largest of them is Taiwan.
分析：人稱代詞只能用在獨立的單句或分句中，不能用在定語從句中。
誤：The boss in her department Ms King worked looked down upon women.
正：The boss in whose department Ms King worked looked down upon women.
分析：物主代詞不能在定語從句中作定語，定語從句中用whose作定語，修飾department。
五、關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞混用致錯
誤：I live in Hong Kong，where is the Special Administrative Zone.
正：I live in Hong Kong，which is the Special Administrative Zone.
誤：Is this museum the one when some German friends visited the other day?
正：Is this museum the one that some German friends visited the other day?
分析：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語，關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語。
六、用 ing結(jié)構(gòu)替換定語從句致錯
誤：The girl bringing milk here every morning is from a mountain village.
正：The girl who brings milk here every morning is from a mountain village.
誤：The scholars returning from abroad recently were awarded by the local government.
正：The scholars who had returned from abroad recently were awarded by the local government.
分析：當定語從句的謂語動詞表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作或定語從句謂語動詞的動作先于主句謂語動詞的動作時，不宜用v.?鄄ing替換定語從句。
七、that與which混用致錯
誤：The weather turned out to be very good，that was more than we expected.
正：The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we expected.
誤：The stories about the Second World War were written，of that this is one example.
正：The stories about the Second World War were written，of which this is one example.
分析：that和which使用情況有別，不可混淆。在非限制性定語從句中及介詞后要使用which。下列情況須用that：1.先行詞為something/anything/everything/nothing/all/much/little等;2.先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾;3.先行詞被all/the/very/the only等修飾;4.先行詞既有人，又有物時。
八、 謂語動詞的.人稱和數(shù)與先行詞不一致致錯
誤：I，who is your close friend，will certainly help you when in trouble.
正：I，who am your close friend，will certainly help you when in trouble.
分析：定語從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。
誤：This is the only one of the tape?鄄recorders in the sound lab that don’t need repairing.
正：This is the only one of the tape?鄄recorders in the sound lab that doesn’t need repairing.
分析：one前有the only修飾，因此one為先行詞，從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)does’t need。
九、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句區(qū)分不清致錯
誤：Abraham Lincoln who led the American people through these years was shot at a theatre in Washington，D. C.
正：Abraham Lincoln，who led the American people through these years，was shot at a theatre in Washington，D. C.
分析：限制性定語從句對先行詞起修飾、限定的作用，非限制性定語從句對先行詞進行補充說明。當先行詞為專有名詞或表示“唯一”事物時，要用非限制性定語從句。
十、固定搭配不當致錯
誤：The house was sold at such a low price that people hadn’t expected.
正：The house was sold at such a low price as people hadn’t expected.
分析：先行詞前若有such/the same/as/so等詞修飾時，從句須用as引導。先行詞前若有形容詞比較級修飾時，從句一般用that引導。
定語從句考點總結(jié) 篇5
考點：
定語從句的引導詞，包括關(guān)系代詞that，which，who，whom，whose�？梢栽诙ㄕZ從句中充當主語，賓語和表語成分，whose則充當定語。代人的有：who，whom，whose，that;代物的有：that，which，whose。另外還有關(guān)系副詞，包括when(指時間)，where(指地點)，why(指原因)，在定語從句中作狀語。要注意的是，選擇關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞要看先行詞在定語從句中充當什么樣的成分。
限制性定從和非限制性定從，限制性定從修飾某個名詞或者名詞短語或者代詞，與先行詞之間不用，隔開。但是非限制性定從不僅可以修飾某個名詞，還可以修飾整個句子，與先行詞之間常用，隔開。而且非限制性定從不能用that引導。
as引導的非限定從和which引導的區(qū)別也是考點之一，which不能放在句首，但是as既可以放在句首，也可以放在中間的。which引導的非限定從常翻譯成“這”，as引導的則常翻譯成“正如”
還有就是只能用that作為關(guān)系代詞的情況，這個情況挺多的'，比如先行詞被only，very,序數(shù)詞或者形容詞最高級(等等，情況較多，需要平時多積累總結(jié))修飾時。
另外，介詞+關(guān)系代詞中考查介詞的選擇，應(yīng)該按照短語的習慣性搭配和先行詞來。
比如，Who is the girl with whom you just shook_hands?(shake hands with…是習慣性搭配)
而當關(guān)系代詞作為動詞+介詞短語的賓語時，短語不能拆開。
比如， He is a kind of man whom you can safelydepend_on.
定語從句誤區(qū)提醒：
1)當表示時間或地點的名詞作先行詞時，要判斷出它們在從句中作狀語還是主語或賓語。作狀語時用關(guān)系副詞，反之用關(guān)系代詞。
典型例題：I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
答案：A
解析：兩個先行詞the day都是表示時間的名詞,但第一個空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,因此要用關(guān)系副詞when. 第二個空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動詞spent的賓語,因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來引導定語從句.
2)當主語為物時，不能用what
3)there be句型中，指人用who指物用that。
4)當主句中缺少主語或表語時，用the one。
5)當出現(xiàn)先行詞+介詞時，關(guān)系詞只能用whom或which
6)當出現(xiàn)先行詞+介詞時，注意判斷介詞與從句謂語是否有關(guān)系，以確定為定語從句
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